Perioperative Normothermia During Major Surgery: Is It Important?

Advances in Surgery

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 249-263

  Esnaola, Nestor F ^a   Cole, David J ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SURGERY; SURGICAL INFECTION; THERMOMETER; THERMOREGULATION;

BLOOD COAGULATION; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; HUMANS; HYPOTHERMIA; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; SURGICAL WOUND INFECTION; THERMOMETERS;

EID: 79961205046     PISSN: 00653411     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2011.03.007     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Forstot R.M. The etiology and management of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. J Clin Anesth 1995, 7(8):657-674.
2. Frank S.M., Beattie C., Christopherson R., et al. Epidural versus general anesthesia, ambient operating room temperature, and patient age as predictors of inadvertent hypothermia. Anesthesiology 1992, 77(2):252-257.
3. Forbes S.S., Stephen W.J., Harper W.L., et al. Implementation of evidence-based practices for surgical site infection prophylaxis: results of a pre- and postintervention study. J Am Coll Surg 2008, 207(3):336-341.
4. Hedrick T.L., Heckman J.A., Smith R.L., et al. Efficacy of protocol implementation on incidence of wound infection in colorectal operations. J Am Coll Surg 2007, 205(3):432-438.
5. Matsukawa T., Kurz A., Sessler D.I., et al. Propofol linearly reduces the vasoconstriction and shivering thresholds. Anesthesiology 1995, 82(5):1169-1180.
6. Matsukawa T., Sessler D.I., Sessler A.M., et al. Heat flow and distribution during induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1995, 82(3):662-673.
7. Insler S.R., Sessler D.I. Perioperative thermoregulation and temperature monitoring. Anesthesiol Clin 2006, 24(4):823-837.
8. Hynson J.M., Sessler D.I., Moayeri A., et al. The effects of preinduction warming on temperature and blood pressure during propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1993, 79(2):219-228. [discussion: 21A-2A].
9. Glosten B., Hynson J., Sessler D.I., et al. Preanesthetic skin-surface warming reduces redistribution hypothermia caused by epidural block. Anesth Analg 1993, 77(3):488-493.
10. Camus Y., Delva E., Sessler D.I., et al. Pre-induction skin-surface warming minimizes intraoperative core hypothermia. J Clin Anesth 1995, 7(5):384-388.
11. Vassilieff N., Rosencher N., Sessler D.I., et al. Nifedipine and intraoperative core body temperature in humans. Anesthesiology 1994, 80(1):123-128.
12. Frank S.M., Fleisher L.A., Olson K.F., et al. Multivariate determinants of early postoperative oxygen consumption in elderly patients. Effects of shivering, body temperature, and gender. Anesthesiology 1995, 83(2):241-249.
13. Macintyre P.E., Pavlin E.G., Dwersteg J.F. Effect of meperidine on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory gas exchange in postanesthesia shivering. Anesth Analg 1987, 66(8):751-755.
14. Devereaux P.J., Goldman L., Cook D.J., et al. Perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a review of the magnitude of the problem, the pathophysiology of the events and methods to estimate and communicate risk. CMAJ 2005, 173(6):627-634.
15. Frank S., Tran K., Fleisher L., et al. Clinical importance of body temperature in the surgical patient. J Therm Biol 2000, 25:151-155.
16. Frank S.M., Fleisher L.A., Breslow M.J., et al. Perioperative maintenance of normothermia reduces the incidence of morbid cardiac events. A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 1997, 277(14):1127-1134.
17. Elmore J.R., Franklin D.P., Youkey J.R., et al. Normothermia is protective during infrarenal aortic surgery. J Vasc Surg 1998, 28(6):984-992. [discussion: 992-4].
18. Rohrer M.J., Natale A.M. Effect of hypothermia on the coagulation cascade. Crit Care Med 1992, 20(10):1402-1405.
19. Valeri C.R., Feingold H., Cassidy G., et al. Hypothermia-induced reversible platelet dysfunction. Ann Surg 1987, 205(2):175-181.
20. Schmied H., Kurz A., Sessler D.I., et al. Mild hypothermia increases blood loss and transfusion requirements during total hip arthroplasty. Lancet 1996, 347(8997):289-292.
21. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report. Data Summary from January 1992-June 2001, issued August 2001. Am J Infect Control 2001, 29(6):404-421.
22. Engemann J.J., Carmeli Y., Cosgrove S.E., et al. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 36(5):592-598.
23. Kirkland K.B., Briggs J.P., Trivette S.L., et al. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999, 20(11):725-730.
24. Dimick J.B., Chen S.L., Taheri P.A., et al. Hospital costs associated with surgical complications: a report from the private-sector National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Am Coll Surg 2004, 199(4):531-537.
25. Akriotis V., Biggar W.D. The effects of hypothermia on neutrophil function in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 1985, 37(1):51-61.
26. Hanson D.F., Murphy P.A., Silicano R., et al. The effect of temperature on the activation of thymocytes by interleukins I and II. J Immunol 1983, 130(1):216-221.
27. Sheffield C.W., Sessler D.I., Hunt T.K. Mild hypothermia during isoflurane anesthesia decreases resistance to E. coli dermal infection in guinea pigs. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994, 38(3):201-205.
28. Wenisch C., Narzt E., Sessler D.I., et al. Mild intraoperative hypothermia reduces production of reactive oxygen intermediates by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Anesth Analg 1996, 82(4):810-816.
29. Ozaki M., Sessler D.I., Suzuki H., et al. Nitrous oxide decreases the threshold for vasoconstriction less than sevoflurane or isoflurane. Anesth Analg 1995, 80(6):1212-1216.
30. Sessler D.I., Rubinstein E.H., Moayeri A. Physiologic responses to mild perianesthetic hypothermia in humans. Anesthesiology 1991, 75(4):594-610.
31. Chang N., Mathes S.J. Comparison of the effect of bacterial inoculation in musculocutaneous and random-pattern flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982, 70(1):1-10.
32. Jonsson K., Hunt T.K., Mathes S.J. Oxygen as an isolated variable influences resistance to infection. Ann Surg 1988, 208(6):783-787.
33. Hohn D.C., MacKay R.D., Halliday B., et al. Effect of O2 tension on microbicidal function of leukocytes in wounds and in vitro. Surg Forum 1976, 27(62):18-20.
34. Hunt T.K., Pai M.P. The effect of varying ambient oxygen tensions on wound metabolism and collagen synthesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972, 135(4):561-567.
35. Jonsson K., Hunt T.K., Brennan S.S., et al. Tissue oxygen measurements in delayed skin flaps: a reconsideration of the mechanisms of the delay phenomenon. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988, 82(2):328-336.
36. Kurz A., Sessler D.I., Lenhardt R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N Engl J Med 1996, 334(19):1209-1215.
37. Barone J.E., Tucker J.B., Cecere J., et al. Hypothermia does not result in more complications after colon surgery. Am Surg 1999, 65(4):356-359.
38. Anderson D.J., Kaye K.S., Classen D., et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29(Suppl 1):S51-S61.
39. Ford C.D., VanMoorleghem G., Menlove R.L. Blood transfusions and postoperative wound infection. Surgery 1993, 113(6):603-607.
40. Agarwal N., Murphy J.G., Cayten C.G., et al. Blood transfusion increases the risk of infection after trauma. Arch Surg 1993, 128(2):171-176. [discussion: 176-7].
41. Edna T.H., Bjerkeset T. Association between blood transfusion and infection in injured patients. J Trauma 1992, 33(5):659-661.
42. Horan T.C., Andrus M., Dudeck M.A. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care-associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008, 36(5):309-332.
43. Melling A.C., Ali B., Scott E.M., et al. Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001, 358(9285):876-880.
44. Forbes S.S., Eskicioglu C., Nathens A.B., et al. Evidence-based guidelines for prevention of perioperative hypothermia. J Am Coll Surg 2009, 209(4). 492.e1-503.e1.
45. Lehtinen S.J., Onicescu G., Kuhn K.M., et al. Normothermia to prevent surgical site infections after gastrointestinal surgery: holy grail or false idol?. Ann Surg 2010, 252(4):696-704.
46. Biffl W.L., Moore E.E., Moore F.A., et al. Interleukin-6 in the injured patient. Marker of injury or mediator of inflammation?. Ann Surg 1996, 224(5):647-664.
47. Baigrie R.J., Lamont P.M., Kwiatkowski D., et al. Systemic cytokine response after major surgery. Br J Surg 1992, 79(8):757-760.
48. Martin C., Boisson C., Haccoun M., et al. Patterns of cytokine evolution (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) after septic shock, hemorrhagic shock, and severe trauma. Crit Care Med 1997, 25(11):1813-1819.
49. Goetzl L., Evans T., Rivers J., et al. Elevated maternal and fetal serum interleukin-6 levels are associated with epidural fever. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002, 187(4):834-838.
50. Mokart D., Capo C., Blache J.L., et al. Early postoperative compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome is associated with septic complications after major surgical trauma in patients with cancer. Br J Surg 2002, 89(11):1450-1456.
51. Kurz A. Prevention and treatment of perioperative hypothermia. Curr Anaesth Crit Care 2001, 12:96-102.
52. Cork R.C., Vaughan R.W., Humphrey L.S. Precision and accuracy of intraoperative temperature monitoring. Anesth Analg 1983, 62(2):211-214.
53. Lefrant J.Y., Muller L., de La Coussaye J.E., et al. Temperature measurement in intensive care patients: comparison of urinary bladder, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, and inguinal methods versus pulmonary artery core method. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29(3):414-418.
54. Erickson R.S., Kirklin S.K. Comparison of ear-based, bladder, oral, and axillary methods for core temperature measurement. Crit Care Med 1993, 21(10):1528-1534.
55. Lawson L., Bridges E.J., Ballou I., et al. Accuracy and precision of noninvasive temperature measurement in adult intensive care patients. Am J Crit Care 2007, 16(5):485-496.
56. Iaizzo P.A., Kehler C.H., Zink R.S., et al. Thermal response in acute porcine malignant hyperthermia. Anesth Analg 1996, 82(4):782-789.
57. Bickler P.E., Sessler D.I. Efficiency of airway heat and moisture exchangers in anesthetized humans. Anesth Analg 1990, 71(4):415-418.
58. Deriaz H., Fiez N., Lienhart A. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1992, 11(2):145-149. [in French].
59. Bissonnette B., Sessler D.I. Passive or active inspired gas humidification increases thermal steady-state temperatures in anesthetized infants. Anesth Analg 1989, 69(6):783-787.
60. Sessler D.I., McGuire J., Sessler A.M. Perioperative thermal insulation. Anesthesiology 1991, 74(5):875-879.
61. Sessler D.I., Schroeder M. Heat loss in humans covered with cotton hospital blankets. Anesth Analg 1993, 77(1):73-77.
62. Sessler D.I., Moayeri A. Skin-surface warming: heat flux and central temperature. Anesthesiology 1990, 73(2):218-224.
63. Truell K.D., Bakerman P.R., Teodori M.F., et al. Third-degree burns due to intraoperative use of a Bair Hugger warming device. Ann Thorac Surg 2000, 69(6):1933-1934.
64. Ereth M.H., Lennon R.L., Sessler D.I. Limited heat transfer between thermal compartments during rewarming in vasoconstricted patients. Aviat Space Environ Med 1992, 63(12):1065-1069.
65. Kurz A., Kurz M., Poeschl G., et al. Forced-air warming maintains intraoperative normothermia better than circulating-water mattresses. Anesth Analg 1993, 77(1):89-95.
66. Horn E.P., Schroeder F., Gottschalk A., et al. Active warming during cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2002, 94(2):409-414.
67. Bock M., Muller J., Bach A., et al. Effects of preinduction and intraoperative warming during major laparotomy. Br J Anaesth 1998, 80(2):159-163.
68. Camus Y., Delva E., Cohen S., et al. The effects of warming intravenous fluids on intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative shivering during prolonged abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996, 40(7):779-782.
69. Smith C.E., Gerdes E., Sweda S., et al. Warming intravenous fluids reduces perioperative hypothermia in women undergoing ambulatory gynecological surgery. Anesth Analg 1998, 87(1):37-41.
70. Mastriani K, Weil B, Hardee E, et al. Relative benefit of preoperative and intraoperative warming interventions to optimize immediate postoperative normothermia. Oral presentation, 4th Annual AAS/SUS Academic Surgical Congress. Huntington Beach (CA), February 13-15, 2008.