메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 14, 2009, Pages 4747-4773

Simulating mixed-phase Arctic stratus clouds: Sensitivity to ice initiation mechanisms

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; GIS; GLACIATION; ICE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATIFORM CLOUD; STRATUS; SUPERSATURATION; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 79961199866     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-9-4747-2009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0025620131 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants. Part IV: The uptake and redistribution of aerosol particles through nucle-ation and impaction scavenging by growing cloud drops and ice particles
    • Alheit, R. R., Flossmann, A. I., and Pruppacher, H. R.: A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants. Part IV: The uptake and redistribution of aerosol particles through nucle-ation and impaction scavenging by growing cloud drops and ice particles, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 870-887, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 870-887
    • Alheit, R.R.1    Flossmann, A.I.2    Pruppacher, H.R.3
  • 2
    • 0025642079 scopus 로고
    • A radiation fog model with a detailed treatment of the interaction between radiative transfer and fog microphysics
    • Bott, A., Sievers, U., and Zdunkowski, W.: A radiation fog model with a detailed treatment of the interaction between radiative transfer and fog microphysics, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2153-2166, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2153-2166
    • Bott, A.1    Sievers, U.2    Zdunkowski, W.3
  • 3
    • 0034651182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flux method for the numerical solution of the stochastic collection equation: Extension to two-dimensional particle distributions
    • Bott, A.: A flux method for the numerical solution of the stochastic collection equation: extension to two-dimensional particle distributions, J. Atmos. Sci. 57, 284-294, 2000. (Pubitemid 30192447)
    • (2000) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 284-294
    • Bott, A.1
  • 4
    • 0000730187 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part I: Description of the microphysical model
    • Chen, J.-P. and Lamb, D.: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part I: Description of the microphysical model, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2613-2630, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2613-2630
    • Chen, J.-P.1    Lamb, D.2
  • 5
    • 0032785052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part II: Microphysical evolution of a wintertime orographic cloud
    • Chen, J.-P. and Lamb, D.: Simulation of cloud microphysical and chemical processes using a multicomponent framework. Part II: Microphysical evolution of a wintertime orographic cloud, J. At-mos. Sci., 51, 2293-2312, 1999.
    • (1999) J. At-mos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 2293-2312
    • Chen, J.-P.1    Lamb, D.2
  • 6
    • 0003961209 scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of the dynamics and microphysics of warm cumulus convection
    • Clark, T. L.: Numerical modeling of the dynamics and microphysics of warm cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 857-878, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 857-878
    • Clark, T.L.1
  • 7
    • 0000179054 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of precipitation development in supercooled cumuli-Part i
    • Cotton, W. R.: Numerical simulation of precipitation development in supercooled cumuli-Part I, Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 757-763, 1972a.
    • (1972) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 757-763
    • Cotton, W.R.1
  • 8
    • 0000179053 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of precipitation development in supercooled cumuli-Part II
    • Cotton, W. R.: Numerical simulation of precipitation development in supercooled cumuli-Part II, Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 764-784, 1972b.
    • (1972) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 764-784
    • Cotton, W.R.1
  • 9
    • 0027042474 scopus 로고
    • Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: sensitivity to cloud optical properties
    • Curry, J. A. and Ebert, E. E.: Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties, J. Climate, 5, 1267-1280, 1992. (Pubitemid 23377533)
    • (1992) Journal of Climate , vol.5 , Issue.11 , pp. 1267-1280
    • Curry, J.A.1    Ebert, E.E.2
  • 10
    • 0029751999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models
    • Del Genio, A. D., Yao, M.-S., Kovari, W., and Lo, K. K.-W.: A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models, J. Climate, 9, 270-304, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 270-304
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Kovari, W.3    Lo, K.K.-W.4
  • 11
    • 25844503623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cumulus microphysics and climate sensitivity
    • DOI 10.1175/JCLI3413.1
    • Del Genio, A. D., Kovari, W., Yao, M.-S., and Jonas, J.: Cumulus microphysics and climate sensitivity, J. Climate, 18, 2376-2387, doi:10.1175JCLI3413.1, 2005. (Pubitemid 41460986)
    • (2005) Journal of Climate , vol.18 , Issue.13 , pp. 2376-2387
    • Del Genio, A.D.1    Kovari, W.2    Yao, M.-S.3    Jonas, J.4
  • 12
    • 0027087532 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric concentrations of submicron contact-freezing nuclei
    • Deshler, T. and Vali, G.: Atmospheric concentrations of submicron contact-freezing nuclei, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 773-784, 1992. (Pubitemid 23375545)
    • (1992) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 773-784
    • Deshler, T.1    Vali, G.2
  • 13
    • 4444328014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous drop freezing in the immersion mode: Model calculations considering soluble and insoluble particles in the drops
    • DOI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2063:HDFITI>2.0.CO;2
    • Diehl, K. and Wurzler, S.: Heterogeneous drop freezing in the immersion mode: Model calculations considering soluble and insoluble particles in the drops, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2063-2072, 2004. (Pubitemid 39169265)
    • (2004) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.61 , Issue.16 , pp. 2063-2072
    • Diehl, K.1    Wurzler, S.2
  • 14
    • 33646776433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical sensitivity studies on the impact of aerosol properties and drop freezing modes on the glaciation, microphysics, and dynamics of clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2005JD005884
    • Diehl, K., Simmel, M., and Wurzler, S.: Numerical sensitivity studies on the impact of aerosol properties and drop freezing modes on the glaciation, microphysics, and dynamics of clouds, J. Geo-phys. Res., 111, D07202, doi:10.1029/2005JD005884, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Geo-phys. Res. , vol.111
    • Diehl, K.1    Simmel, M.2    Wurzler, S.3
  • 15
    • 0028599606 scopus 로고
    • A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description
    • Ferrier, B. S.: A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 249-280, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 249-280
    • Ferrier, B.S.1
  • 16
    • 0022266358 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants. Part I: The redistribution of aerosol particles captured through nucle-ation and impaction scavenging by growing cloud drops
    • Flossmann, A. I., Hall W. D., and Pruppacher, H. R.: A theoretical study of the wet removal of atmospheric pollutants. Part I: The redistribution of aerosol particles captured through nucle-ation and impaction scavenging by growing cloud drops, J. At-mos. Sci., 42, 583-606, 1985. (Pubitemid 15530022)
    • (1985) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 583-606
    • Flossmann, A.I.1    Hall, W.D.2    Pruppacher, H.R.3
  • 17
    • 0029774487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulationmodel. Part I: Model description and simulated microphysical processes
    • Fowler, L. D., Randall, D. A., and Rutledge, S. A.: Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulationmodel. Part I: Model description and simulated microphysical processes, J. Climate, 9, 489-529, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Climate , vol.9 , pp. 489-529
    • Fowler, L.D.1    Randall, D.A.2    Rutledge, S.A.3
  • 18
    • 41249087884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE): Part II, Model results
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008646
    • Fridlind, A. M., Ackerman, A. S., McFarquhar, G., Zhang, G., Poel-lot, M. R., DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE): Part II, Model results, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24202, doi:10.1029/2007JD008646, 2007.
    • (2007) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Fridlind, A.M.1    Ackerman, A.S.2    McFarquhar, G.3    Zhang, G.4    Poel-Lot, M.R.5    Demott, P.J.6    Prenni, A.J.7    Heymsfield, A.J.8
  • 19
    • 0030417913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models
    • Fu, Q.: An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds, J. Climate., 9, 2058-2082, 1996. (Pubitemid 126539385)
    • (1996) Journal of Climate , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 2058-2082
    • Fu, Q.1
  • 20
    • 0001551495 scopus 로고
    • A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework: Model description and preliminary results
    • Hall, W. D.: A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework: Model description and preliminary results, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2486-2507, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2486-2507
    • Hall, W.D.1
  • 21
    • 0033387415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud resolving simulations of Arctic stratus part II: Transition-season clouds
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-8095(98)00098-2, PII S0169809598000982
    • Harrington, J. Y., Reisin, T., Cotton, W. R., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Cloud resolving simulations of Arctic stratus. Part II: Transition-season clouds, Atmos. Res., 51, 45-75, 1999. (Pubitemid 30086891)
    • (1999) Atmospheric Research , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-75
    • Harrington, J.Y.1    Reisin, T.2    Cotton, W.R.3    Kreidenweis, S.M.4
  • 22
    • 0028792824 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of hydrometeor size spectra evolution by water-water, ice-water and ice-ice interactions
    • Khain, A. P. and Sednev, I.: Simulation of hydrometeor size spectra evolution by water-water, ice-water and ice-ice interactions, Atmos. Res., 36, 107-138, 1995.
    • (1995) Atmos. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 107-138
    • Khain, A.P.1    Sednev, I.2
  • 23
    • 0030391019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of precipitation formation in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal zone using a spectral micro-physics cloud ensemble model
    • Khain, A. P. and Sednev, I.: Simulation of precipitation formation in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal zone using a spectral micro-physics cloud ensemble model, Atmos. Res., 43, 77-110, 1996.
    • (1996) Atmos. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 77-110
    • Khain, A.P.1    Sednev, I.2
  • 24
    • 0031666537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus cloud simulation using explicit microphysics and radiation. Part I: Model description
    • Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Sassen, K.: Cirrus cloud simulation using explicit microphysics and radiation. Part I: Model description, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1808-1821, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 1808-1821
    • Khvorostyanov, V.I.1    Sassen, K.2
  • 26
    • 0026281851 scopus 로고
    • The simulation of a convective cloud in a 3D model with explicit microphysics. Part I: Model description and sensitivity experiments
    • Kogan, Y.: The simulation of a convective cloud in a 3D model with explicit microphysics. Part I: Model description and sensitivity experiments, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1160-1189, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1160-1189
    • Kogan, Y.1
  • 27
    • 0029413974 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of stratocumulus cloud layers in a large eddy simulation model with explicit microphysics
    • Kogan, Y. K., Khairoutdinov, M. P., Lilly, D. K., Kogan, Z. N., and Liu, Q.: Modeling of stratocumulus cloud layers in a large eddy simulation model with explicit microphysics, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2923-2940, 1995. (Pubitemid 26440812)
    • (1995) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.52 , Issue.16 , pp. 2923-2940
    • Kogan, Y.L.1    Khairoutdinov, M.P.2    Lilly, D.K.3    Kogan, Z.N.4    Qingfu Liu5
  • 28
    • 34948897534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitation of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen mechanism in the evolution of mixed-phase clouds
    • Korolev, A. V.: Limitation of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen mechanism in the evolution of mixed-phase clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 3372-3375, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 3372-3375
    • Korolev, A.V.1
  • 29
    • 38849205432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dynamics on mixed-phase clouds: Theoretical considerations
    • Korolev, A. V. and Field, I. P.: The effect of dynamics on mixed-phase clouds: Theoretical considerations, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 66-86, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 66-86
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Field, I.P.2
  • 30
    • 0001212235 scopus 로고
    • The effect of coalescence and condensation on rain formation in a cloud of finite vertical extent
    • Kovetz, A., and Olund, B.: The effect of coalescence and condensation on rain formation in a cloud of finite vertical extent, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1060-1065, 1969.
    • (1969) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Kovetz, A.1    Olund, B.2
  • 31
    • 0021638949 scopus 로고
    • Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric tropical cyclone model
    • Lord, S. J., Willoughby, H. E., and Piotrowicz, J. M.: Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric tropical cyclone model, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2836-2848, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 2836-2848
    • Lord, S.J.1    Willoughby, H.E.2    Piotrowicz, J.M.3
  • 32
    • 45849096869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic mixed-phase clouds simulated by a cloud-resolving model: Comparison with ARM observations and sensitivity to microphysics parameterizations
    • DOI 10.1175/2007JAS2467.1
    • Luo, Y., Xu, K.-M., Morrison, H., and McFarquhar, G.: Arctic mixed-phase clouds simulated by a cloud-resolving model: Comparison with ARM observations and sensitivity to micro-physics parameterizations, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1285-1303, 2008. (Pubitemid 351888710)
    • (2008) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 1285-1303
    • Luo, Y.1    Xu, K.-M.2    Morrison, H.3    McFarquhar, G.4
  • 33
    • 12144281874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral (bin) microphysics coupled with a mesoscale model (MM5). Part II: Simulation of a CaPE rain event with a squall line
    • DOI 10.1175/MWR-2841.1
    • Lynn, B. H., Khain A. P., Dudhia, J., Rosenfeld, D., Pokrovsky, A., and Seifert, A.: Spectral (bin) microphysics coupled with a mesoscale model (MM5). Part II: Simulation of a CaPE rain event with a squall line, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 59-71, 2005. (Pubitemid 40295078)
    • (2005) Monthly Weather Review , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-71
    • Lynn, B.H.1    Khain, A.P.2    Dudhia, J.3    Rosenfeld, D.4    Pokrovsky, A.5    Seifert, A.6
  • 34
    • 84979318692 scopus 로고
    • The density and structure of ice formed by accretion
    • Macklin, W. C.: The density and structure of ice formed by accretion, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 88, 30-50, 1962.
    • (1962) Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.88 , pp. 30-50
    • MacKlin, W.C.1
  • 35
    • 42549136279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE): Part I. Observations
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008633
    • McFarquhar, G. M., Zhang, G., Poellot, M., Kok, G., McCoy, R. Tooman, T., Fridlind, A., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE): Part I. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24201, doi:10.1029/2007JD008633, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Zhang, G.2    Poellot, M.3    Kok, G.4    McCoy, R.5    Tooman, T.6    Fridlind, A.7    Heymsfield, A.J.8
  • 36
    • 0031821411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds
    • McFarquhar, G. M. and Heymsfield, A. J.: The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2039-2052, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2039-2052
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 37
    • 85086351635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GCM simulations of the aerosol indirect effect: Sensitivity to cloud parameterization and aerosol Burden
    • Menon, S., Del Genio, A. D., Koch, D., and Tselioudis, G.: GCM simulations of the aerosol indirect effect: Sensitivity to cloud parameterization and aerosol burden, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 692-713, 2002. (Pubitemid 34838301)
    • (2002) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.59 , Issue.3 PART 2 , pp. 692-713
    • Menon, S.1    Del Genio, A.D.2    Koch, D.3    Tselioudis, G.4
  • 39
    • 0027038878 scopus 로고
    • New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model
    • Meyers, M. P., DeMott, P. J., and Cotton, W. R.: New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model, J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 708-721, 1992. (Pubitemid 23374444)
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 708-721
    • Meyers, M.P.1    Demott, P.J.2    Cotton, W.R.3
  • 40
    • 14744300799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part I: Description
    • DOI 10.1175/JAS3446.1
    • Morrison, H., Curry, J. A., and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: A new double-moment microphysics scheme for application in cloud and climate models. Part I: Description, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1665-1677, 2005. (Pubitemid 41135960)
    • (2005) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 1665-1677
    • Morrison, H.1    Curry, J.A.2    Khvorostyanov, V.I.3
  • 41
    • 43449138805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of modeled arctic mixedphase stratocu-mulus to cloud condensation and ice nuclei over regionally-varying surface conditions
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008729
    • Morrison, H., Pinto, J. O., Curry, J. A., and McFarquhar, G. M.: Sensitivity of modeled arctic mixedphase stratocu-mulus to cloud condensation and ice nuclei over regionally-varying surface conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05203, doi:10.1029/2007JD008729, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Morrison, H.1    Pinto, J.O.2    Curry, J.A.3    McFarquhar, G.M.4
  • 42
    • 0001202731 scopus 로고
    • The development of warm rain in a cumulus model
    • Ogura, Y. and Takahashi, T.: The development of warm rain in a cumulus model, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 262-277, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 262-277
    • Ogura, Y.1    Takahashi, T.2
  • 43
    • 0034277301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of ice production mechanisms using a 3D cloud model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part I: Model description
    • Ovtchinnikov, M. and Kogan, Y. L.: An investigation of ice production mechanisms using a 3D cloud model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part I: Model description, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2989-3003, 2000a.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 2989-3003
    • Ovtchinnikov, M.1    Kogan, Y.L.2
  • 44
    • 0034277783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of ice production mechanisms using a 3D cloud model with detailed microphysics. Part II: Case study of New Mexico cumulus clouds
    • Ovtchinnikov, M., Kogan, Y. L., and Blyth, A. M.: An investigation of ice production mechanisms using a 3D cloud model with detailed microphysics. Part II: Case study of New Mexico cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3004-3021, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 3004-3021
    • Ovtchinnikov, M.1    Kogan, Y.L.2    Blyth, A.M.3
  • 47
    • 0036321964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freezing drizzle formation in stably stratified layer clouds: The role of radiative cooling of cloud droplets, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice initiation
    • Rasmussen, R. M., Geresdi, I., Thompson, G., Manning, K., and Karplus, E.: Freezing drizzle formation in stably stratified layer clouds: The role of radiative cooling of cloud droplets, cloud condensational nuclei, and ice initiation, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 837-860, 2002. (Pubitemid 34838289)
    • (2002) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 837-860
    • Rasmussen, R.M.1    Geresdi, I.2    Thompson, G.3    Manning, K.4    Karplus, E.5
  • 48
    • 0030482242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part I: Description of the model
    • Reisin, T., Levin, Z., and Tzvion, S.: Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part I: Description of the model, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 497-519, 1996a.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 497-519
    • Reisin, T.1    Levin, Z.2    Tzvion, S.3
  • 49
    • 0030431090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part II: Effects of varying drops and ice initiation
    • Reisin, T., Levin, Z., and Tzvion, S.: Rain production in convective clouds as simulated in an axisymmetric model with detailed mi-crophysics. Part II: Effects of varying drops and ice initiation, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1815-1837, 1996b.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 1815-1837
    • Reisin, T.1    Levin, Z.2    Tzvion, S.3
  • 50
    • 0034116621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scheme for calculation of the liquid fraction in mixed-phase stratiform clouds in large-scale models
    • Rotstayn, L. D., Ryan, B. F., and Katzfey, J. J: A Scheme for Calculation of the Liquid Fraction in Mixed-Phase StratiformClouds in Large-Scale Models, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1070-1088, 2000. (Pubitemid 30323048)
    • (2000) Monthly Weather Review , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 1070-1088
    • Rotstayn, L.D.1    Ryan, B.F.2    Katzfey, J.J.3
  • 51
    • 0041972750 scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of precipitation enhancement over the land due to seeding induced redistribution of precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal zone
    • Paestum, Italy, 28 May-4 June
    • Sednev, I. and Khain, A. P.: Numerical simulation of precipitation enhancement over the land due to seeding induced redistribution of precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal zone. Proceedings of the Sixth WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification and Applied Cloud Physics, Paestum, Italy, 28 May-4 June, pp. 587-590, 1994.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the Sixth WMO Scientific Conference on Weather Modification and Applied Cloud Physics , pp. 587-590
    • Sednev, I.1    Khain, A.P.2
  • 52
    • 0000105083 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the evolution of mixed-phase cumulus clouds
    • Scott, B. C. and Hobbs, P. V.: A theoretical study of the evolution of mixed-phase cumulus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 812-826, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 812-826
    • Scott, B.C.1    Hobbs, P.V.2
  • 53
    • 0029774486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elements of the microphysical structure of the numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus
    • Stevens, B., Feingold, G., Cotton, W. R., and Walko, R. L.: Elements of the microphysical structure of the numerically simulated nonprecipitating stratocumulus, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 980-1006, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 980-1006
    • Stevens, B.1    Feingold, G.2    Cotton, W.R.3    Walko, R.L.4
  • 54
    • 0016985552 scopus 로고
    • Hail in an axisymmetric cloud model
    • Takahashi, T.: Hail in an axisymmetric cloud model, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1579-1601, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 1579-1601
    • Takahashi, T.1
  • 55
    • 85037014513 scopus 로고
    • Vapor diffusional growth of free-falling snow crystals between-3 and-23 C
    • Takahashi, T., Endoh, T., and Wakahama, G.: Vapor diffusional growth of free-falling snow crystals between-3 and-23 C, J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 69, 15-30, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Meteor. Soc. Jap. , vol.69 , pp. 15-30
    • Takahashi, T.1    Endoh, T.2    Wakahama, G.3
  • 56
    • 11844295954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical rain characteristics and microphysics in a three-dimensional cloud model
    • DOI 10.1175/JAS-3294.1
    • Takahashi, T. and Shimura, K.: Tropical Rain Characteristics and Microphysics in a Three-Dimensional Cloud Model, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2817-2845, 2004. (Pubitemid 40098846)
    • (2004) Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences , vol.61 , Issue.23 , pp. 2817-2845
    • Takahashi, T.1    Shimura, K.2
  • 58
    • 0024899843 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of raindrop spectra. Part II: Collisional collection/breakup and evaporation in a rainshaft
    • Tzivion, S., Feingold, G., and Levin, Z.: The evolution of raindrop spectra. Part II: Collisional collection/breakup and evaporation in a rainshaft, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3312-3327, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3312-3327
    • Tzivion, S.1    Feingold, G.2    Levin, Z.3
  • 60
    • 0002547189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of giant cloud condensational nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clouds: A numerical study
    • Yin, Y., Levin, Z., Reisin, T., and Tzivion, S.: The effects of giant cloud condensational nuclei on the development of precipitation in convective clouds: A numerical study, Atmos. Res., 53, 91-116, 2000a.
    • (2000) Atmos. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 91-116
    • Yin, Y.1    Levin, Z.2    Reisin, T.3    Tzivion, S.4
  • 61
    • 0033729487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeding convective clouds with hygroscopic flares: Numerical simulations using a cloud model with detailed microphysics
    • Yin, Y., Levin, Z., Reisin, T., and Tzivion, S.: Seeding convective clouds with hygroscopic flares: Numerical simulations using a cloud model with detailed microphysics, J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1460-1472, 2000b.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.39 , pp. 1460-1472
    • Yin, Y.1    Levin, Z.2    Reisin, T.3    Tzivion, S.4
  • 62
    • 0001113720 scopus 로고
    • A numerical simulation of wintertime, orographic precipitation. Part I: Description of model microphysics and numerical techniques
    • Young, K. C.: A numerical simulation of wintertime, orographic precipitation. Part I: Description of model microphysics and numerical techniques, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1735-1748, 1974.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1735-1748
    • Young, K.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.