Why are children in the same family so different from one another?

International Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 563-582

  Plomin, Robert ^a   Daniels, Denise ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior genetics; Development; Environment; Heredity; Individual differences; Intelligence; Personality; Psychopathology; Schizophrenia; Twins

Indexed keywords

POLYPEPTIDE;

ADOLESCENCE; BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; CHILD; COGNITION; CORRELATION; EMERGENCE; HERITABILITY; HUMAN EVOLUTION; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PSYCHOLOGY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RESEARCH WORK;

AFFECT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BIRTH ORDER; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CHILDHOOD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT TOOL; COGNITION; COMMUNICATION SKILL; COOPERATION; DELINQUENCY; DIZYGOTIC TWINS; EGO DEVELOPMENT; EMOTIONAL STRESS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FAMILY; FAMILY DECISION MAKING; FAMILY STRESS; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HERITABILITY; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; NEUROSIS; PARENTAL ATTITUDE; PERSONALITY; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIBLING INVENTORY OF DIFFERENTIAL EXPERIENCE; SIBLING RELATION; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIALIZATION; VERBAL COMMUNICATION;

CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FAMILY RELATIONS; FEMALE; GENETICS, BEHAVIORAL; HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; PERSONALITY; SIBLINGS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 79961190615     PISSN: 03005771     EISSN: 14643685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq148     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Falconer DS. Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman, 1981.
2. Hay DA. Essentials of behaviour genetics. Blackwells, 1985.
3. Plomin R, DeFries JC, McClearn GE. Behavioral genetics: A primer. Freeman 1980.
4. Fisher RA. The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1918;52:399-433.
5. Ozer DJ. Correlation and the coefficient of determination. Psychological Bulletin 1985;97:307-315.
6. Lykken DT. Research with twins: The concept of emergensis. Psychophysiology 1982;19:361-73.
7. Plomin R. Development, genetics, and psychology. Erlbaum, 1986.
8. Loehlin JC, Nichols RC. Heredity, environment, and personality. University of Texas Press, 1976.
9. Goldsmith HH. Genetic influences on personality from infancy to adulthood. Child Development 1983;54:331-55.
10. Eysenck HJ. The biological basis of personality. Charles C. Thomas, 1967.
11. Cattell RB, Eber H, Tatsuoka MM. Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor questionnaire. Institute for Personality and Ability Testing 1970.
12. Floderus-Myrhed B, Pederson N, Rasmuson S. Assessment of heritability for personality based on a short form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Behavior Genetics 1980;10:153-62.
13. Lykken DT, Tellegen A, DeRubeis R. Volunteer bias in twin research: The rule of two-thirds. Social Biology 1978;25:1-9.
14. Loehlin JC. Are personality traits differentially heritable? Behavior Genetics 1982;12:417-28.
15. Buss AH, Plomin R. Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Erlbaum, 1984.
16. Plomin R, Foch TT. A twin study of objectively assessed personality in childhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1980;39:680-88.
17. Crook MN. Intra-family relationships in personality test performance. Psychological Record 1937;1:479-502.
18. Ahern FM, Johnson RC, Wilson JR, McClearn GE, Vandenberg SC. Family resemblances in personality. Behavior Genetics 1982;12:261-80.
19. Loehlin JC, Horn JM, Willerman L. Personality resemblance in adoptive families. Behavior Genetics 1981;11: 309-30.
20. Loehlin JC, Willerman L, Horn JM. Personality resemblance in adoptive families when the children are late adolescents and adults. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1985;48:376-92.
21. Scarr S, Webber PI, Weinberg RA, Wittig MA. Personality resemblance among adolescents and their parents in biologically related and adoptive families. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1981;40:885-98.
22. Scarr S, Weinberg RA. Attitudes, interests, and IQ. Human Nature 1978;29-36.
23. Daniels D. Understanding the family environment: A study of adoptive and nonadoptive infant siblings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Colorado, 1985.
24. Bayley N. Manual for the Bayley Scales of infant development. Psychological Corporation 1969.
25. Gottesman II, Shields J. Schizophrenia: The epigenetic puzzle. Cambridge University Press, 1982.
26. Fuller JL, Thompson WR. Foundations of behavior genetics. Mosby 1978.
27. Rosenthal D. Genetic theory and abnormal behavior. McGraw-Hill, 1970.
28. Bouchard TJ Jr, McGue M. Familial studies of intelligence: A review. Science 1981;212:1055-59.
29. Kent J. Genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive abilities as assessed by a telephone test battery. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Colorado, 1985.
30. DeFries JC, Fulker DW. Multiple regression of twin data. Behavior Genetics 1985;15:467-73.
31. Jinks JL, Fulker DW. Comparison of the biometrical genetical, MAVA and classical approaches to the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin 1970; 73:311-49.
32. Maccoby EE, Martin JA. Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In: Mussen PH (ed.). Handbook of child psychology (4th ed.). Socialization personality, and social development. Wiley, 1983.
33. Dunn JF, Plomin R, Nettles M. Consistency of mothers' behavior towards infant siblings. Developmental Psychology 1985;21:1188-95.
34. Dunn JF, Plomin R, Daniels D. Consistency and change in mothers' behavior towards young siblings. Child Development 1986;57:348-56.
35. Plomin R, DeFries JC, Loehlin JC. Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin 1977; 84:309-22.
36. Loehlin JC. Heredity-environment analysis of Jeneks's IQ correlations. Behavior Genetics 1978;8:415-36.
37. Darwin C. In: Darwin F (ed.). The autobiography of Charles Darwin and selected letters. Dover, 1892.
38. Minuchin P. Families and individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development 1985;56:289-302.
39. McCall RB. Environmental effects on intelligence: The forgotten realm of discontinuous nonshared within-family factors. Child Development 1983;54:408-15.
40. Jessor R. The perceived environment in psychological theory and research. In: Magnusson D (ed.). Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. Erlbaum, 1981.
41. Galbraith RC. Sibling spacing and intellectual development: A closer look at the confluence models. Developmental Psychology 1982;18:151-73.
42. Ernst C, Angst J. Birth order: Its influence on personality. Springer-Verlag, 1983.
43. Daniels D, Plomin R. Differential experience of siblings in the same family. Developmental Psychology 1985;21: 747-60.
44. Daniels D, Dunn J, Furstenberg FF Jr, Plomin R. Environmental differences within the family and adjustment differences within pairs of adolescent siblings. Child Development 1985;56:764-74.
45. Furstenberg FF Jr, Winquist-Nord C, Peterson JL, Zill N. The life course of children of divorce. American Sociological Review 1983;48:656-68.
46. Rowe DC. Environmental and genetic influences on dimensions of perceived parenting: A twin study. Developmental Psychology 1981;17:203-8.
47. Rowe DC. A biometrical analysis of perceptions of family environment: A study of twin and singleton sibling kinships. Child Development 1983;54:416-23.
48. Caldwell BM, Bradley RH. Home observation for measurement of the environment. University of Arkansas, 1978.
49. Moos RH, Moos BS. Family Environment Scale manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, 1981.
50. Abramovitch R, Pepler D, Corter C. Patterns of sibling interaction among preschool-age children. In: Lamb M, Sutton-Smith B (eds). Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance across the lifespan. Erlbaum, 1982.
51. Dunn JF, Kendrick C. Siblings: Love, envy, and understanding. Grant McIntyre 1982.
52. Jacobs BS, Moss HA. Birth order and sex of sibling as determinants of mother-infant interaction. Child Development 1976;47:315-22.
53. Dunn J. Patterns of early interaction: Continuities and consequences. In: Schaffer HR (ed.). Studies in mother-infant interaction. Academic Press, 1977.
54. Clarke-Stewart KA, Hevey CM. Longitudinal relations in repeated observations of mother-child interaction from 1 to 21/2 years. Developmental Psychology 1981;17:127-45.
55. Dunn J. Sibling relationships in early childhood. Child Developments 1983;54:787-811.
56. Rowe DC, Plomin R. The importance of nonshared (EI) environmental influences in behavioral development. Developmental Psychology 1981;17:517-31.
57. Bell RQ. A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in socialization. Psychological Review 1968;75:81-95.
58. Plomin R, Loehlin JC, DeFries JC. Genetic and environmental components of "environmental"influences. Developmental Psychology 1985;21:391-402.
59. Daniels D. Sibling personality differences and differential experience of siblings in the same family. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986;51: 339-346.
60. Scarr S, Grajek S. Similarities and differences among siblings. In: Lamb ME, Sutton-Smith B (eds). Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance across the lifespan. Erlbaum, 1982.
61. Schachter FF. Sibling deidentification and split-parent identification: A family tetrad. In: Lamb ME, Sutton-Smith B (eds). Sibling relationships: Their nature and significance across the lifespan. Erlbaum, 1982.