Ataxia in patients with brain infarcts and hemorrhages

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 103, Issue , 2012, Pages 147-160

  Caplan, Louis R ^a  

^a BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79961134453     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-51892-7.00008-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (86)

1. Amarenco P., Hauw J.-J. Anatomie des arteres cerebelleuses. Rev Neurol 1989, 145:267-276.
2. Amarenco P., Hauw J.-J. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery. Brain 1990, 113:139-155.
3. Amarenco P., Hauw J.-J. Cerebellar infarction in the territory of the superior cerebellar artery: a clinicopathologic study of 33 cases. Neurology 1990, 40:1383-1390.
4. Amarenco P., Roullet E., Hommel M., et al. Infarction of the territory of the medial branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990, 53:731-735.
5. Amarenco P., Hauw J.-J., Caplan L.R. Cerebellar infarctions. Handbook of Cerebellar Diseases 1993, 251-290. Marcel Dekker, New York. R. Lechtenberg (Ed.).
6. Amarenco P., Rosengart A., DeWitt L.D., et al. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarcts. Mechanisms and clinical features. Arch Neurol 1993, 50:154-161.
7. Amarenco P., Levy C., Cohen A., et al. Causes and mechanisms of territorial and non-territorial cerebellar infarcts in 115 consecutive patients. Stroke 1994, 25:105-112.
8. Barth A., Bogousslavsky J., Regli F. The clinical and topographic spectrum of cerebellar infarcts: a clinical-magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Ann Neurol 1993, 33:451-456.
9. Barth A., Bogousslavsky J., Regli F. Infarcts in the territory of the lateral branch of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994, 57:1073-1076.
10. Bassetti C., Bogousslavsky J., Barth A., et al. Isolated infarcts of the pons. Neurology 1996, 46:165-175.
11. Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., Ghika J., et al. Painful ataxic hemiparesis. Arch Neurol 1984, 41:892-893.
12. Bogousslavsky J., Khurana R., Deruaz J.P., et al. Respiratory failure and unilateral caudal brainstem infarction. Ann Neurol 1990, 28:668-673.
13. Bogousslavsky J., Maeder P., Regli F., et al. Pure midbrain infarction: clinical syndromes, MRI and etiologic patterns. Neurology 1994, 44:2032-2040.
14. Bowler J.V., Wade J.P.H. Ipsilateral cerebellar diaschisis following pontine infarction. Cerebrovasc Dis 1991, 1:58-60.
15. Brandt T., Dieterich M. Skew deviation with ocular torsion: a vestibular brainstem sign of topographic diagnostic value. Ann Neurol 1993, 33:528-534.
16. Brandt T., Dieterich M. Vestibular syndromes in the roll plane: topographic diagnosis from brainstem to cortex. Ann Neurol 1994, 36:337-347.
17. Brennan R., Berglund R. Acute cerebellar hemorrhage: analysis of clinical findings and outcome in 12 cases. Neurology 1977, 27:527-532.
18. Caplan L.R. Intracranial branch atheromatous disease. Neurology 1989, 39:1246-1250.
19. Caplan L.R. Posterior Circulation Disease 1996, Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Management, Blackwell Science, Boston.
20. Caplan L.R. Posterior circulation ischemia: then, now, and tomorrow. The Thomas Willis Lecture - 2000. Stroke 2000, 31:2011-2023.
21. Caplan L.R., Goodwin J. Lateral tegmental brainstem hemorrhages. Neurology 1982, 32:252-260.
22. Caplan L.R., DeWitt L.D., Pessin M.S., et al. Lateral thalamic infarcts. Arch Neurol 1988, 45:959-964.
23. Caplan L.R., Wityk R.J., Glass T.A., et al. New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Ann Neurol 2004, 56:389-398.
24. Caplan L.R., Chung C.-S., Wityk R.J., et al. New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: I. Methods, data base, distribution of brain lesions, stroke mechanisms, and outcomes. J Clin Neurol 2005, 1:14-30.
25. Caplan L.R., Wityk R.J., Pazdera L., et al. New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry: II. Vascular lesions. J Clin Neurol 2005, 1:31-49.
26. Chaves C.J., Caplan L.R., Chung C.-S., et al. Cerebellar infarcts. Current Neurology 1994, Vol. 14:143-177. Mosby-Year Book, St. Louis.
27. Chaves C.J., Caplan L.R., Chung C.-S., et al. Cerebellar infarcts in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry. Neurology 1994, 44:1385-1390.
28. Davison C., Goodhart S.P., Savitsky N. The syndrome of the superior cerebellar artery and its branches. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1935, 33:1143-1174.
29. Dejerine J., Roussy G. Le syndrome thalamique. Rev Neurol 1906, 14:521-532.
30. Deluca C., Tinazzi M., Bovi P., et al. Limb ataxia and proximal intracranial territory brain infarcts: clinical and topographical correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:832-835.
31. Devereux M.W., Keane J.R., Davis R.I. Automatic respiratory failure associated with infarction of the medulla. Arch Neurol 1973, 29:46-52.
32. Dieterich M., Brandt T. Wallenberg's syndrome: lateropulsion, cyclorotation, and subjective visual vertical in thirty-six patients. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:399-408.
33. Dieterich M., Brandt T. Ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical are sensitive brainstem signs. Ann Neurol 1993, 33:292-299.
34. Fisher C.M. Ataxic hemiparesis. Arch Neurol 1978, 35:126-128.
35. Fisher C.M., Caplan L.R. Basilar artery branch occlusion: a cause of pontine infarction. Neurology 1971, 21:900-905.
36. Fisher C.M., Cole M. Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis: a vascular syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1965, 28:48-55.
37. Fisher C.M., Karnes W.E., Kubik C.S. Lateral medullary infarction - the pattern of vascular occlusion. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 1961, 20:323-379.
38. Fisher C.M., Picard E., Polak A., et al. Acute hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage: diagnosis and surgical treatment. J Nerv Ment Dis 1965, 140:38-57.
39. Foix C., Hillemand P. Irrigation de la protuberance. Compt Rendu Soc Biol (Paris) 1925, 42:35-37.
40. Foix C., Hillemand P. Les syndromes de la region thalamique. Presse Med 1925, 33:113-117.
41. Gilman S., Bloedel J., Lechtenberg R. Disorders of the Cerebellum 1981, F Davis, Philadelphia.
42. Graf K.J., Pessin M.S., DeWitt L.D., et al. Proximal intracranial territory posterior circulation infarcts in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Eur Neurol 1997, 37:157-168.
43. Helgason C.M., Wilbur A.C. Basilar branch pontine infarction with prominent sensory signs. Stroke 1991, 22:1129-1136.
44. Helweg-Larsen S., Larsson H., Hendriksen O., et al. Ataxic hemiparesis: three different locations of lesions studied by MRI. Neurology 1988, 38:1322-1324.
45. Hiraga A., Uzawa A., Kamitsukasa I. Diffusion weighted imaging in ataxic hemiparesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:1260-1262.
46. Hommel M., Bogousslavsky J. The spectrum of vertical gaze palsy following unilateral brainstem stroke. Neurology 1991, 41:1229-1234.
47. Huang C.Y., Woo E., Yu Y.L., et al. Lacunar syndromes due to brainstem infarct and hemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988, 51:509-515.
48. Iraqui V.J., McCutchen C.B. Capsular ataxic hemiparesis. Arch Neurol 1982, 39:528-529.
49. Jauss M., Krieger D., Hornig C., et al. German-Austrian surgical and medical management of patients with massive cerebellar infarction: results of the German-Austrian Cerebellar Infarction Study. J Neurol 1999, 246:257-264.
50. Kase C.S. Cerebellar Hemorrhage. Intracerebral Hemorrhage 1994, 425-443. Butterworth, Boston.
51. Kase C.S., Norrving B., Levine S., et al. Cerebellar infarction. Clinical and anatomic observations in 66 cases. Stroke 1993, 24:76-83.
52. Keane J.R. Ocular tilt reaction following lateral pontomedullary infarction. Neurology 1992, 42:259-260.
53. Kim J.S., Lee J.H., Suh D.C., et al. Spectrum of lateral medullary syndrome. Correlation between clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging in 33 subjects. Stroke 1994, 25:1405-1410.
54. Kim J.S., Lee J.H., Im J.H., et al. Syndromes of pontine base infarction. A clinical-radiological correlation study. Stroke 1995, 26:950-955.
55. Kim J.S., Choi K.-D., Oh S.-Y., et al. Medial medullary infarction: abnormal ocular motor findings. Neurology 2005, 65:1294-1298.
56. Kommerell G., Hoyt W.F. Lateropulsion of saccadic eye movements. Arch Neurol 1973, 28:313-318.
57. Krieger D., Busse O., Schramm J., et al. German-Austrian Space Occupying Cerebellar Infarction Study (GASCIC): study design, methods, patients' characteristics. J Neurol 1992, 239:183-185.
58. Kubik C.S., Adams R.D. Occlusion of the basilar artery: a clinical and pathological study. Brain 1946, 69:73-121.
59. Kumral E., Kisabay A., Atac C., et al. Spectrum of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarcts. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005, 20:370-380.
60. Lechtenberg R., Gilman S. Speech disorders in cerebellar disease. Ann Neurol 1978, 3:285-290.
61. Lehrich J.C., Winkler G.F., Ojemann R.G. Cerebellar infarction with brainstem compression. Arch Neurol 1970, 22:490-498.
62. Levin B.E., Margolis G. Acute failure of automatic respirations secondary to a unilateral brainstem infarct. Ann Neurol 1977, 1:583-586.
63. Lindgren S.O. Infarctions simulating brain tumors in the posterior fossa. J Neurosurg 1956, 13:575-581.
64. Lister J.R., Rhoton A.L., Matsushima T., et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Neurosurgery 1982, 10:170-199.
65. Martin P.J., Chang H.-M., Wityk R.J., et al. Midbrain infarction: associations and etiologies in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998, 64:392-395.
66. Marx J.J., Ianetti G.D., Thomke F., et al. Topodiagnostic implications of hemiataxia: an MRI-based brainstem mapping analysis. Neuroimage 2008, 39:1625-1632.
67. Masdeu J.C., Gorelick P.B. Thalamic astasia: inability to stand after unilateral thalamic lesions. Ann Neurol 1988, 23:596-603.
68. Masdeu J.C., Alampur U., Cavalure R., et al. Astasia and gait failure with damage of the pontomesencephalic locomotor region. Arch Neurol 1994, 35:619-621.
69. Meyer K., Baloh R., Krohel G., et al. Ocular lateropulsion as a sign of lateral medullary disease. Arch Ophthalmol 1980, 98:1614-1616.
70. Mills C.K. Preliminary note on a new symptom complex due to a lesion of the cerebellum and cerebello-rubro-thalamic system. The main symptoms being ataxia of the upper and lower extremities on one side, and on the other side deafness, paralysis of emotional expression in the face, and loss of the senses of pain heat, and cold over the entire half of the body. J Nerv Ment Dis 1912, 39:73-76.
71. Morrow M.J., Sharpe J.A. Torsional nystagmus in the lateral medullary syndrome. Ann Neurol 1988, 24:390-398.
72. Nabatame H., Fukuyama H., Akiguchi I., et al. Pontine ataxic hemiparesis studied by a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging system. Ann Neurol 1987, 21:204-207.
73. Nighoghossian N., Trouillas P., Riche G., et al. Midbrain ataxia related to crus cerebri infarct. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995, 5:61.
74. Oas J.G., Baloh R.W. Vertigo and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome. Neurology 1992, 42:2274-2279.
75. Ott K., Kase C., Ojemann R., et al. Cerebellar hemorrhage: diagnosis and treatment. Arch Neurol 1974, 31:160-167.
76. Perniczky A., Perneczky G., Tschabitscher M., et al. The relation between the caudolateral pontine syndrome and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1981, 58:245-257.
77. Pierrot-Deseilligny C., Amarenco P., Roullet E., et al. Vermal infarct with pursuit eye movement disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990, 53:519-521.
78. Rieke K., Krieger D., Adams H.P., et al. Therapeutic strategies in space-occupying cerebellar infarction based on clinical, neuroradiological and neurophysiological data. Cerebrovasc Dis 1993, 3:45-55.
79. Savitz S.I., Caplan L.R. Vertebrobasilar disease. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:2618-2626.
80. Stopford J. The arteries of the pons and medulla oblongata: I. J Anat Physiol 1915, 50:131-164. 255-280.
81. Takahashi S., Goto K., Fukasawa H., et al. Computed tomography of cerebral infarction along the distribution of the basal perforating arteries. Part II: Thalamic arterial group. Radiology 1985, 155:119-130.
82. Tatemichi T., Steinke W., Duncan C., et al. Paramedian thalamo-peduncular infarction: clinical syndromes and magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1992, 32:162-171.
83. Tatu L., Moulin T., Martin V., et al. Hemiataxia-hypesthesia and small thalamic primary hemorrhages. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996, 6:166-167.
84. Tjeerdsma H.C., Rinkel G.J.E., van Gijn J. Ataxic hemiparesis from a primary intracerebral haematoma in the precentral area. Cerebrovasc Dis 1996, 6:45-46.
85. Tohgi H., Takahashi S., Chiba K., et al. for the Tohoku Cerebellar Infarction Study Group. Cerebellar Infarction. Clinical and neuroimaging analysis in 293 patients. Stroke 1993, 24:1697-1701.
86. Voetsch B., De Witt L.D., Pessin M.S., et al. Basilar artery occlusive disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Stroke Registry. Arch Neurol 2004, 61:496-504.