Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection and quantitation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 proviral load: Addressing the issue of indeterminate HTLV results

Journal of Clinical Virology

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 38-44

  Waters, Allison ^a   Oliveira, André L A ^a   Coughlan, Suzie ^a   de Venecia, Carla ^a   Schor, Doris ^b   Leite, Ana Claudia ^b   Araújo, Abelardo Q C ^a,b   Hall, William W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^b Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz   (Brazil)

Author keywords

HTLV; Human T Lymphotropic virus; Multiplex; PCR; Proviral load; Real time

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN;

ARTICLE; BLOOD DONOR; CELL ASSAY; CELL EXPANSION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS 1; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS 2; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROVIRUS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SEROLOGY; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS LOAD;

BLOTTING, WESTERN; DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, ROUTINE; DNA, VIRAL; HTLV-I INFECTIONS; HTLV-II INFECTIONS; HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1; HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2; HUMANS; REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 79961126658     PISSN: 13866532     EISSN: 18735967     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.022     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Dehee A., Cesaire R., Desire N., et al. Quantitation of HTLV-I proviral load by a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2002, 102:37-51.
2. Laurendeau I., Bahuau M., Vodovar N., et al. TaqMan PCR-based gene dosage assay for predictive testing in individuals from a cancer family with INK4 locus haploinsufficiency. Clin Chem 1999, 45:982-986.
3. Moens B., Lopez G., Adaui V., et al. Development and validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous genotyping and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, 2, and 3 proviral load determination. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47:3682-3691.
4. Silva M.T., Harab R.C., Leite A.C., et al. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load in asymptomatic carriers, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and other neurological abnormalities associated with HTLV-1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 44:689-692.
5. Nagai M., Usuku K., Matsumoto W., et al. Analysis of HTLV-I proviral load in 202 HAM/TSP patients and 243 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers: high proviral load strongly predisposes to HAM/TSP. J Neurovirol 1998, 4:586-593.
6. Primo J., Siqueira I., Nascimento M.C., et al. High HTLV-1 proviral load, a marker for HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, is also detected in patients with infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1. Braz J med and Biol Res=Rev Bras Pesqui Medicas Biol 2009, 42:761-764.
7. Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Utsunomiya A, et al., Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load and disease progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers a nationwide prospective study in Japan. Blood, 116, 1211-1219.
8. Oliveira A.L., Hayakawa H., Schor D., et al. High frequencies of functionally competent circulating Tax-specific CD8+ T cells in human T lymphotropic virus type 2 infection. J Immunol 2009, 183:2957-2965.
9. Constantine N.T. Serologic tests for the retroviruses: approaching a decade of evolution. AIDS 1993, 7:1-13.
10. Brodine S.K., Kaime E.M., Roberts C., et al. Simultaneous confirmation and differentiation of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II infection by modified western blot containing recombinant envelope glycoproteins. Transfusion 1993, 33:925-929.
11. Roberts B.D., Foung S.K., Lipka J.J., et al. Evaluation of an immunoblot assay for serological confirmation and differentiation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:260-264.
12. Lu S.C., Chen B.H. Seroindeterminate HTLV-1 prevalence and characteristics in blood donors in Taiwan. Int J Hematol 2003, 77:412-413.
13. Kwok S., Lipka J.J., McKinney N., et al. Low incidence of HTLV infections in random blood donors with indeterminate western blot patterns. Transfusion 1990, 30:491-494.
14. Thorstensson R., Albert J., Andersson S. Strategies for diagnosis of HTLV-I and -II. Transfusion 2002, 42:780-791.
15. Yao K., Hisada M., Maloney E., et al. Human T lymphotropic virus types I and II western blot seroindeterminate status and its association with exposure to prototype HTLV-I. J Infect Dis 2006, 193:427-437.
16. Lee T.H., Chafets D.M., Busch M.P., et al. Quantitation of HTLV-I and II proviral load using real-time quantitative PCR with SYBR Green chemistry. J Clin Virol 2004, 31:275-282.
17. Besson G., Kazanji M. One-step, multiplex, real-time PCR assay with molecular beacon probes for simultaneous detection, differentiation, and quantification of human T-cell leukemia virus types 1, 2, and 3. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47:1129-1135.
18. Calattini S, Chevalier S.A., Duprez R., et al. Discovery of a new human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-3) in Central Africa. Retrovirology 2005, 2:30.
19. Wolfe N.D., Heneine W., Carr J.K., et al. Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:7994-7999.
20. Miyoshi I., Kubonishi I., Yoshimoto S., et al. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells. Nature 1981, 294:770-771.
21. Ramirez E., Cartier L., Torres M., et al. Temporal dynamics of human T-lymphotropic virus type I tax mRNA and proviral DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy patients. J Med Virol 2007, 79:782-790.
22. Manns A., Miley W.J., Wilks R.J., et al. Quantitative proviral DNA and antibody levels in the natural history of HTLV-I infection. J Infect Dis 1999, 180:1487-1493.
23. Yamano Y., Nagai M., Brennan M., et al. Correlation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mRNA with proviral DNA load, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells, and disease severity in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP). Blood 2002, 99:88-94.
24. Murphy E.L., Lee T.H., Chafets D., et al. Higher human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) provirus load is associated with HTLV-I versus HTLV-II, with HTLV-II subtype A versus B, and with male sex and a history of blood transfusion. J Infect Dis 2004, 190:504-510.
25. Montanheiro P., Olah I., Fukumori L.M., et al. Low DNA HTLV-2 proviral load among women in Sao Paulo City. Virus Res 2008, 135:22-25.