Benign epithelial inclusions in axillary lymph nodes: Report of 18 cases and review of the literature

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Volumn 35, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1123-1133

  Fellegara, Giovanni ^a   Carcangiu, Maria Luisa ^a   Rosai, Juan ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

axilla; breast cancer; epithelial inclusions; lymph node; metastasis

Indexed keywords

COLORING AGENT; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; EOSIN; HEMATOXYLIN;

ADULT; AGED; AXILLA; BREAST TUMOR; CELL MOTION; CLASSIFICATION; CYST; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EPITHELIUM CELL; FEMALE; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; METASTASIS; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; REVIEW; STAINING;

ADULT; AGED; AXILLA; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL MOVEMENT; COLORING AGENTS; CYSTS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EOSINE YELLOWISH-(YS); EPITHELIAL CELLS; FEMALE; HEMATOXYLIN; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; STAINING AND LABELING; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC;

EID: 79961059520     PISSN: 01475185     EISSN: 15320979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182237985     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Bianchi M, Tono L. Contribution to the study of epithelial inclusions of the lymph nodes. Anatomo-clinical considerations on a case of glandular inclusions of the axillary lymph nodes. Arch De Vecchi Anat Patol. 1959;30:307-319. [Article in Italian].
2. Bleiweiss IJ, Nagi CS, Jaffer S. Axillary sentinel lymph nodes can be falsely positive due to iatrogenic displacement and transport of benign epithelial cells in patients with breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2013-2018. (Pubitemid 46622109)
3. Bramlett C, Laucirica R, Page DL, et al. Differentiation between metastatic low grade carcinoma of the breast and benign epithelial inclusion in axillary lymph nodes (abstract).Mod Pathol. 1995;8:15A.
4. Carter BA, Jensen RA, Simpson JF, et al. Benign transport of breast epithelium into axillary lymph nodes after biopsy. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;113:259-265. (Pubitemid 30212557)
5. Chen YB, Magpayo J, Rosen PP. Sclerosing adenosis in sentinel axillary lymph nodes from a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma: an unusual variant of benign glandular inclusions. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132:1439-1441.
6. Chuang C, Hicks DG, Berenson M, et al. Benign inclusion of axillary lymph nodes: report of two cases and literature review. Breast J. 2009;15:664-665.
7. Corben AD, Nehhozina T, Garg K, et al. Endosalpingiosis in axillary lymph nodes: a possible pitfall in the staging of patients with breast carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:1211-1216.
8. Colombo P, Cattaneo L. Axillary intranodal cysts associated with breast malignancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004;128:361-362. (Pubitemid 38316092)
9. Diaz NM, Cox CE, Ebert M, et al. Benign mechanical transport of breast epithelial cells to sentinel lymph nodes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:1641-1645. (Pubitemid 39564971)
10. Diaz NM, Mayes JR, Vrcel V. Breast epithelial cells in dermal angiolymphatic spaces: a manifestation of benign mechanical transport. Hum Pathol. 2005;36:310-313. (Pubitemid 40404016)
11. Diaz NM, Vrcel V, Centeno BA, et al. Modes of benign mechanical transport of breast epithelial cells to axillary lymph nodes. Adv Anat Pathol. 2005;12:7-9. (Pubitemid 40614484)
12. Djordjevic B, Clement-Kruzel S, Atkinson NE, et al. Nodal endosalpingiosis in ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential with lymph node involvement: a case for a precursorlesion. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:1442-1448.
13. Dzodic R, Stanojevic B, Saenko V, et al. Intraductal papilloma of ectopic breast tissue in axillary lymph node of a patient with a previous intraductal papilloma of ipsilateral breast: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol. 2010;5:17.
14. Edlow DW, Carter D. Heterotopic epithelium in axillary lymph nodes: report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1973;59:666-673.
15. Fisher CJ, Hill S, Millis RR. Benign lymph node inclusions mimicking metastatic carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:245-247. (Pubitemid 24120688)
16. Fraggetta F, Vasquez E. Epithelial inclusion in axillary lymph node associated with a breast carcinoma: report of a case with a review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract. 1999;195:263-266. (Pubitemid 29197094)
17. Garret R, Ada AE. Epithelial inclusion cysts in an axillary lymph node; report of a case simulating metastatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 1957;10:173-178.
18. Henley JD, Michael HB, English GW, et al. Benign mullerian lymph node inclusions: an unusual case with implications for pathogenesis and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:841-844.
19. Holdsworth PJ, Hopkinson JM, Leveson SH. Benign axillary epithelial lymph node inclusions: a histological pitfall. Histopathology. 1988;13:226-228.
20. Hong HY, Ruffolo PR, Srinivasan K. Benign epithelial inclusion cyst in an axillary lymph node. N Y State J Med. 1988;88:384-385.
21. Ichihara S, Ikeda T, Kimura K, et al. Coincidence of mammary and sentinel lymph node papilloma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32: 784-792. (Pubitemid 351600828)
22. Jaffer S, Lin R, Bleiweiss IJ, et al. Intraductal carcinoma arising in intraductal papilloma in an axillary lymph node: review of the literature and proposed theories of evolution. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132:1940-1942.
23. Kadowaki M, Nagashima T, Sakata H, et al. Ectopic breast tissue in axillary lymph node. Breast Cancer. 2007;14:425-428.
24. Kheir SM, Mann WJ, Wilkerson JA. Glandular inclusions in lymph nodes: the problem of extensive involvement and relationship to salpingitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1981;5:353-359. (Pubitemid 11072180)
25. Layfield LJ, Mooney E. Heterotopic epithelium in an intramammary lymph node. Breast J. 2000;6:63-67. (Pubitemid 30204692)
26. Liu M. Benign epithelial proliferations in axillary lymph nodes with ipsilateral breast in situ ductal carcinoma and intraductal papilloma of the breast. Histopathology. 2008;52:771-773. (Pubitemid 351600049)
27. Maiorano E, Mazzarol GM, Pruneri G, et al. Ectopic breast tissue as a possible cause of false-positive axillary sentinel lymph node biopsies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:513-518. (Pubitemid 36368550)
28. McDivitt RW, Stewart FW, Berg JW. Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Tumors of the Breast (2nd Series Fascicle 2). Washington, DC: AFIP; 1968:116.
29. Migliorini L. Proliferative intraductal lesion arising in ectopic breast tissue within axillary lymph node. Histopathology. 2006;48: 316-317.
30. Moore WF, Bentley RC, Berchuck A, et al. Some mullerian inclusion cysts in lymph nodes may sometimes be metastases from serous borderline tumors of the ovary. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24: 710-718. (Pubitemid 30253509)
31. Norton LE, Komenaka IK, Emerson RE, et al. Benign glandular inclusions a rare cause of a false positive sentinel node. J Surg Oncol. 2007;95:593-596. (Pubitemid 47164667)
32. Peng Y, Ashfaq R, Ewing G, et al. False-positive sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients caused by benign glandular inclusions: report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;130:21-27; quiz 146.
33. Piana S, Asioli S, Cavazza A. Benign mullerian inclusions coexisting with breast metastatic carcinoma in an axillary lymph node. Virchows Arch. 2005;446:467-469. (Pubitemid 40674858)
34. Podsypanina K, Du YC, Jechlinger M, et al. Seeding and propagation of untransformed mouse mammary cells in the lung. Science. 2008;321:1841-1844.
35. Raju GC. The histological and immunohistochemical evidence of squamous metaplasia from the myoepithelial cells in the breast. Histopathology. 1990;17:272-275. (Pubitemid 20275975)
36. Reddick RL, Jennette JC, Askin FB. Squamous metaplasia of the breast: an ultrastructural and immunologic evaluation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985;84:530-533. (Pubitemid 16225724)
37. Resetkova E, Hoda SA, Clarke JL, et al. Benign heterotopic epithelial inclusions in axillary lymph nodes: histological and immunohistochemical patterns. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003;127:e25-e27.
38. Rousselot C, Chapiron C, Blechet C, et al. Mullerian " inclusions" within an intramammary lymph node. Ann Pathol. 2006;26:204-206. [Article in French]. (Pubitemid 44284716)
39. Schneider V. Benign glandular lymph node inclusions. Diagn Gynecol Obstet. 1980;2:313-320. (Pubitemid 11114648)
40. Schneider V, Walsh JW, Goplerud DR. Benign glandular inclusions in para-aortic lymph nodes: a cause for false positive lymphangiography. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;138:350-351.
41. Silton RM. More glandular inclusions. Am J Surg Pathol. 1979;3:285-286.
42. Suster S, Rosai J. Multilocular thymic cyst: an acquired reactive process. Study of 18 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15:388-398.
43. Suster S, Barbuto D, Carlson G, et al. Multilocular thymic cysts with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Hum Pathol. 1991;22: 455-460.
44. Turner RR. Benign transport of breast epithelium? Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114:292-293; author reply 294-295.
45. Turner DR, Millis RR. Breast tissue inclusions in axillary lymph nodes. Histopathology. 1980;4:631-636. (Pubitemid 10024997)
46. van Deurzen CH, Bult P, de Boer M, et al. Morphometry of isolated tumor cells in breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes: metastases or displacement? Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:106-110.
47. Walker AN, Fechner RE. Papillary carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue in an axillary lymph node. Diagn Gynecol Obstet. 1982;4:141-145. (Pubitemid 13224056)
48. Zhang C, Sung CJ, Gass J, et al. Squamous inclusion cyst with evidence of focal glandular differentiation in an axillary lymph node. Histopathology. 2005;47:539-540. (Pubitemid 41626735)
49. Zynger DL, McCallum JC, Everton MJ, et al. Paracortical axillary sentinel lymph node ectopic breast tissue. Pathol Res Pract. 2009;205:427-432.