The absence of size-dependency in flame retarded composites containing low-melting organic-inorganic glass and clay: Comparison between micro- and nanocomposites

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Volumn 96, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1616-1624

  Yu, Dan ^a,c   Kleemeier, Malte ^a   Wu, Guang Mei ^b   Schartel, Bernhard ^b   Liu, Wei Qu ^c   Hartwig, Andreas ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED MATERIALS IFAM   (Germany)

^b BAM FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TESTING   (Germany)

^c GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY   (China)

Author keywords

Clay; Epoxy resin; Flame retardancy; Low melting glass; Nanocomposites

Indexed keywords

BARRIER LAYERS; EFFICIENT INTERACTION; FLAME RETARDANCY; FLAME-RETARDED; GLASS PARTICLES; LOW-MELTING GLASS; MICRO-DISPERSION; NANOMETRES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC; PEAK HEAT RELEASE RATES; SIZE-DEPENDENCY; SMALL PARTICLE SIZE; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES;

EPOXY RESINS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MELTING; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER BLENDS;

GLASS;

EID: 79961031494     PISSN: 01413910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. B.M. Novak Hybrid nanocomposite materials - between inorganic glasses and organic polymers Adv Mater 5 1993 422 433
2. J.E. Mark Ceramic-reinforced polymers and polymer-modified ceramics Polym Eng Sci 36 1996 2905 2920 (Pubitemid 126675792)
3. Y.L. Liu, C.Y. Hsu, W.L. Wie, and R.J. Jeng Preparation and thermal properties of epoxy-silica nanocomposites from nanoscale colloidal silica Polymer 44 2003 5159 5167
4. J.W. Gilman Flammability and thermal stability studies of polymer layered-silicate (clay)/nanocomposites Appl Clay Sci 15 1999 31 49
5. M. Zanetti, G. Camino, and R. Mülhaupt Combustion behaviour of EVA/fluorohectorite nanocomposites Polym Degrad Stab 74 2001 413 417 (Pubitemid 33050926)
6. M. Alexandre, G. Beyer, C. Henrist, R. Cloots, A. Rulmont, and R. Jérôme Preparation and properties of layered silicate nanocomposites based on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers Macromol Rapid Commun 22 2001 643 646 (Pubitemid 33290374)
7. J. Zhu, and C.A. Wilkie Thermal and fire studies on polystyrene-clay nanocomposites Polym Int 49 2000 1158 1163
8. Wu GM, Schartel B, Kleemeier M, Hartwig A. Fire behavior of layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites combined with low-melting inorganic ceepree glass. Polym Eng Sci, in press.
9. M. Bartholmai, and B. Schartel Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites: new approach or illusion for fire retardancy? Investigations of the potentials and the tasks using a model system Polym Adv Technol 15 2004 355 364 (Pubitemid 39008181)
10. A.B. Morgan, and C.A. Wilkie Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites 2007 Wiley Pub New Jersey
11. D. Yu, M. Kleemeier, G.M. Wu, B. Schartel, W.Q. Liu, and A. Hartwig A low melting organic-inorganic glass and its effect on flame retardancy of clay/epoxy composites Polymer 52 2011 2120 2132
12. A. Hartwig, D. Pütz, B. Schartel, M. Bartholmai, and M. Wendschuh-Josties Combustion behaviour of epoxide based nanocomposites with ammonium and phosphonium bentonites Macromol Chem Phys 204 2003 2247 2257
13. B. Schartel, A. Weiß, H. Sturm, M. Kleemeier, A. Hartwig, and C. Vogt Layered silicate epoxy nanocomposites: formation of the inorganic-carbonaceous fire protection layer Polym Adv Technol 2010 10.1002/pat.1644
14. B. Schartel, U. Knoll, A. Hartwig, and D. Pütz Phosphonium-modified layered silicate epoxy resins nanocomposites and their combinations with ATH and organo-phosphorus fire retardants Polym Adv Technol 17 2006 281 293 (Pubitemid 43772839)
15. W. Xie, R. Xie, W.-P. Pan, D. Hunter, B. Koene, and L.-S. Tan Thermal stability of quaternary phosphonium modified montmorillonites Chem Mater 14 2002 4837 4845
16. L. de Paiva, A. Morales, and F.V. Díaz Organoclays: properties, preparation and applications Appl Clay Sci 42 2008 8 24
17. T. Nhujak, and D. Goodall Comparison of binding of tetraphenylborate and tetraphenylphosphonium ions to cyclodextrins studied by capillary electrophoresis Electrophoresis 22 2001 117 122
18. T. Lan, and T. Pinnavaia Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites Chem Mater 6 1994 2216 2219
19. L. Le Pluart, J. Duchet, and H. Sautereau Epoxy/montmorillonite nanocomposites: influence of organophilic treatment on reactivity, morphology and fracture properties Polymer 46 2005 12267 12278 (Pubitemid 41815270)
20. B. Schartel, A. Weiß, F. Mohr, M. Kleemeier, A. Hartwig, and U. Braun Flame retarded epoxy resins by adding layered silicate in combination with the conventional protection-layer-building flame retardants melamine borate and ammonium polyphosphate J Appl Polym Sci 118 2010 1134 1143
21. G. Camino, G. Tartaglione, A. Frache, C. Manferti, and G. Costa Thermal and combustion behaviour of layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites Polym Degrad Stab 90 2005 354 362 (Pubitemid 41231659)
22. B. Schartel, and T.R. Hull Development of fire-retarded materials - interpretation of cone calorimeter data Fire Mater 31 2007 327 354 (Pubitemid 47180695)
23. B. Schartel, M. Bartholmai, and U. Knoll Some comments on the main fire retardancy mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites Polym Adv Technol 17 2006 772 777 (Pubitemid 44883659)
24. B. Schartel, and A. Weiß Temperature inside burning polymer specimens: pyrolysis zone and shielding Fire Mater 34 2010 217 235
25. E.D. Weill, M.M. Hirschler, N.G. Patel, M.M. Said, and S. Shakir Oxygen index: correlations to other fire tests Fire Mater 16 1992 159 167 (Pubitemid 23600054)