Healthcare-associated pneumonia: Diagnostic criteria and distinction from community-acquired pneumonia

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2011, Pages

  Falcone, Marco ^a   Venditti, Mario ^a   Shindo, Yuichiro ^b   Kollef, Marin H ^c  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b NAGOYA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Community associated; Healthcare associated; Pneumonia

Indexed keywords

CEFEPIME; CORTICOSTEROID; ERTAPENEM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LEVOFLOXACIN; PREDNISONE;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEMODIALYSIS; HOME CARE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIBING; INFECTION RISK; LONG TERM CARE; MEDLINE; MORTALITY; OUTPATIENT; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMONIA; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CROSS INFECTION; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; LONG-TERM CARE; ODDS RATIO; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; RENAL DIALYSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 79961026624     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.04.005     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Friedman N.D., Kaye K.S., Stout J.E., et al. Healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Intern Med 2002, 137:791-797.
2. Benito N., Miró J.M., de Lazzari E., et al. Healthcare-associated native valve endocarditis: importance of non-nosocomial acquisition. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150:586-594.
3. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005, 171:388-416. American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America.
4. Kollef M.H., Shorr A., Tabak Y.P., Gupta V., Liu L.Z., Johannes R.S. Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia. Chest 2005, 128:3854-3862.
5. Kollef M.H., Morrow L.E., Baughman R.P., et al. Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP): a critical appraisal to improve identification, management, and outcomes-proceedings of the HCAP summit. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:S296-334.
6. Venditti M., Falcone M., Corrao S., Licata G., Serra P. Study Group of the Italian Society of Internal Medicine. Outcomes of patients hospitalized with community-acquired, health care-associated, and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150:19-26.
7. Mandell L.A., Wunderink R.G., Anzueto A., et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 44:S27-72.
8. Kollef M.H., Napolitano L.M., Solomkin J.S., et al. Healthcare-associated infection (HAI): a critical appraisal of the emerging threat-proceedings of the HAI Summit. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 47:S55-99.
9. Kollef M.H. Health care-associated pneumonia: perception versus reality. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1875-1877.
10. Micek S.T., Kollef K.E., Reichley R.M., Roubinian N., Kollef M.H. Health care-associated pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia: a single-center experience. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007, 51:3568-3573.
11. Webster D., Chui L., Tyrrell G.J., Marrie T.J. Healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2007, 18:181-188.
12. Carratalà J., Mykietiuk A., Fernández-Sabé N., et al. Healthcare-associated pneumonia requiring hospital admission: epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1393-1399.
13. Zilberberg M.D., Shorr A.F., Micek S.T., Mody S.H., Kollef M.H. Antimicrobial therapy escalation and hospital mortality among patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia: a single-center experience. Chest 2008, 134:963-968.
14. Shorr A.F., Zilberberg M.D., Micek S.T., Kollef M.H. Prediction of infection due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria by select risk factors for healthcare-associated pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2205-2210.
15. Shindo Y., Sato S., Maruyama E., et al. Healthcare-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a Japanese community hospital. Chest 2009, 135:633-640.
16. Rello J., Luján M., Gallego M., et al. Why mortality is increased in healthcare-associated pneumonia: lessons from pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia. Chest 2010, 137:1138-1144.
17. Labelle A.J., Arnold H., Reichley R.M., Micek S.T., Kollef M.H. A comparison of culture-positive and culture-negative healthcare-associated pneumonia. Chest 2010, 137:1130-1137.
18. Schreiber M.P., Chan C.M., Shorr A.F. Resistant pathogens in non-nosocomial pneumonia and respiratory failure: is it time to refine the definition of healthcare-associated pneumonia?. Chest 2010, 137:1283-1288.
19. Cecere L.M., Rubenfeld G.D., Park D.R., Root R.K., Goss C.H. Long-term survival after hospitalization for community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Respiration 2010, 79:128-136.
20. Seymann G.B., Di Francesco L., Sharpe B., et al. The HCAP gap: differences between self-reported practice patterns and published guidelines for health care-associated pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 49:1868-1874.
21. Ewig S., Welte T., Chastre J., Torres A. Rethinking the concepts of community-acquired and health-care-associated pneumonia. Lancet Infect Dis 2010, 10:279-287.
22. Chastre J., Fagon J.Y. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165:867-903.
23. Huang S.S., Datta R., Platt R. Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med 2006, 166:1945-1951.
24. Naimi T.S., LeDell K.H., Como-Sabetti K., et al. Comparison of community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. JAMA 2003, 290:2976-2984.
25. Scanvic A., Denic L., Gaillon S., Giry P., Andremont A., Lucet J.C. Duration of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after hospital discharge and risk factors for prolonged carriage. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 32:1393-1398.
26. Marschall J., Mühlemann K. Duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage, according to risk factors for acquisition. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:1206-1212.
27. Huang SS, Hinrichsen VL, Stulgis L, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the year following detection of carriage [abstract 157]. Program and Abstracts of the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America Annual Meeting (Chicago). Arlington, VA: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; 2006.
28. Datta R., Huang S.S. Risk of infection and death due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term carriers. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 47:176-181.
29. Friedmann R., Raveh D., Zartzer E., et al. Prospective evaluation of colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients at hospital admission and of subsequent colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients during hospitalization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009, 30:534-542.
30. Zahar J.R., Lanternier F., Mechai F., et al. Duration of colonisation by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and risk factors for persistent faecal carriage. J Hosp Infect 2010, 75:76-78.
31. Hillier S.L., Magee J.T., Howard A.J., Palmer S.R. How strong is the evidence that antibiotic use is a risk factor for antibiotic-resistant, community-acquired urinary tract infection?. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002, 50:241-247.
32. Costelloe C., Metcalfe C., Lovering A., Mant D., Hay A.D. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010, 340:c2096.
33. Nseir S., Grailles G., Soury-Lavergne A., Minacori F., Alves I., Durocher A. Accuracy of American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria in predicting infection or colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria at intensive-care unit admission. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010, 16:902-908.
34. Schreiber M.P., Chan C.M., Shorr A.F. Resistant pathogens in nonnosocomial pneumonia and respiratory failure: is it time to refine the definition of health-care-associated pneumonia?. Chest 2010, 137:1283-1288.
35. Smith P.W., Bennett G., Bradley S., et al. SHEA/APIC guidelines: infection prevention and control in the long term care facility, July 2008. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29:785-881.
36. Teramoto S., Fukuchi Y., Sasaki H., et al. High incidence of aspiration pneumonia in community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a multicenter, prospective study in Japan. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008, 56:577-579.
37. Manzur A., Gudiol F. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term-care facilities. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009, 15:26-30.
38. Pop-Vicas A.E., D'Agata E.M. The rising influx of multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacilli into a tertiary care hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2005, 40:1792-1798.
39. Flamm R.K., Weaver M.K., Thornsberry C., Jones M.E., Karlowsky J.A., Sahm D.F. Factors associated with relative rates of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested in clinical laboratories in the United States from 1999 to 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004, 48:2431-2436.
40. Bradley S.F., Terpenning M.S., Ramsey M.A., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: colonization and infection in a long-term-care facility. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115:417-422.
41. Muder R.R., Brennen C., Wagener M.M., et al. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization and infection in a long-term care facility. Ann Intern Med 1991, 114:107-112.
42. Barr B., Wilcox M.H., Brady A., Parnell P., Darby B., Tompkins D. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among older residents of care homes in the United Kingdom. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007, 28:853-859.
43. Talon D.R., Bertrand X. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in geriatric patients: usefulness of screening in a chronic-care setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001, 22:505-509.
44. Manzur A., Gavalda L., Ruiz de Gopegui E., et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and factors associated with colonization among residents in community long-term care facilities in Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008, 18:867-872.
45. Cretnik T.Z., Vovko P., Retelj M., et al. Prevalence and nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a long-term-care facility in Slovenia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005, 26:184-190.
46. O'Sullivan N.P., Keane C.T. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among the residents of six nursing homes for the elderly. J Hosp Infect 2000, 45:322-329.
47. McNeil S.A., Mody L., Bradley S.F. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: management of asymptomatic colonization and outbreaks of infection in long-term care. Geriatrics 2002, 57:16-27.
48. Pop-Vicas A., Mitchell S.L., Kandel R., Schreiber R., D'Agata E.M. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a long-term care facility: prevalence and risk factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008, 56:1276-1280.
49. O'Fallon E., Gautam S., D'Agata E.M. Colonization with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: prolonged duration and frequent cocolonization. Clin Infect Dis 2009, 48:1375-1381.
50. Sengstock D.M., Thyagarajan R., Apalara J., Mira A., Chopra T., Kaye K.S. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging pathogen among older adults in community hospitals and nursing homes. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 50:1611-1616.
51. March A., Aschbacher R., Dhanji H., et al. Colonization of residents and staff of a long-term-care facility and adjacent acute-care hospital geriatric unit by multiresistant bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010, 16:934-944.
52. El-Solh A.A., Sikka P., Ramadan F., Davies J. Etiology of severe pneumonia in the very elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 163:645-651.
53. El Solh A.A., Pietrantoni C., Bhat A., Bhora M., Berbary E. Indicators of potentially drug-resistant bacteria in severe nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39:474-480.
54. Loeb M., Carusone S.C., Goeree R., et al. Effect of a clinical pathway to reduce hospitalizations in nursing home residents with pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006, 295:2503-2510.
55. Paladino J.A., Eubanks D.A., Andelman M.H., Schentag J.J. Once-daily cefepime versus ceftriaxone for nursing home-acquired pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007, 55:651-657.
56. Yakovlev S.V., Stratchounski L.S., Woods G.L., et al. Ertapenem versus cefepime for initial empirical treatment of pneumonia acquired in skilled-care facilities or in hospitals outside the intensive care unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006, 25:633-641.
57. Kothe H., Bauer T., Marre R., et al. Outcome of community-acquired pneumonia: influence of age, residence status and antimicrobial treatment. Eur Respir J 2008, 32:139-146.
58. Polverino E., Dambrava P., Cillóniz C., et al. Nursing home-acquired pneumonia: a 10year single-centre experience. Thorax 2010, 65:354-359.
59. National Institute of Health. 1999 Annual data report. US Renal Data System. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 1999.
60. Green K., Schulman G., Haas D.W., Schaffner W., D'Agata E.M. Vancomycin prescribing practices in hospitalized chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2000, 35:64-68.
61. Hadley A.C., Karchmer T.B., Russell G.B., McBride D.G., Freedman B.I. The prevalence of resistant bacterial colonization in chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 2007, 27:352-359.
62. Nouwen J., Schouten J., Schneebergen P., et al. Staphylococcus aureus carriage patterns and the risk of infections associated with continuous peritoneal dialysis. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:2233-2236.
63. Lu P.L., Tsai J.C., Chiu Y.W., et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage, infection and transmission in dialysis patients, healthcare workers and their family members. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008, 23:1659-1665.
64. Mermel L.A., Eells S.J., Acharya M.K., et al. Quantitative analysis and molecular fingerprinting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in different patient populations: a prospective, multicenter study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010, 31:592-597.
65. Pop-Vicas A., Strom J., Stanley K., D'Agata E.M. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients who require chronic hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 3:752-758.
66. Slinin Y., Foley R.N., Collins A.J. Clinical epidemiology of pneumonia in hemodialysis patients: the USRDS waves 1, 3, and 4 study. Kidney Int 2006, 70:1135-1141.
67. Berman S.J., Johnson E.W., Nakatsu C., Alkan M., Chen R., LeDuc J. Burden of infection in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring long-term dialysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39:1747-1753.
68. Amin A., Kollef M.H. Healthcare-associated pneumonia. Hosp Pract 2010, 38:63-74.