Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

Seminars in Oncology

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 552-560

  Davies, Janine M ^a   Goldberg, Richard M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CELECOXIB; CETUXIMAB; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; IRINOTECAN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; OXALIPLATIN; PANITUMUMAB; PERIFOSINE;

ACNE; ALLERGIC REACTION; ALOPECIA; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANEMIA; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DIARRHEA; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FATIGUE; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HUMAN; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; INFECTION; INOPERABLE CANCER; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER RESECTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); METASTASIS; METASTASIS RESECTION; METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA; NEUTROPENIA; ONCOGENE K RAS; ORAL MUCOSAL DISEASE; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PARONYCHIA; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RASH; REVIEW; SKIN TOXICITY; STOMATITIS; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING;

EID: 79961003508     PISSN: 00937754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.05.009     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Sanoff HK, Sargent DJ, Campbell ME, et al. Five-year data and prognostic factor analysis of oxaliplatin and irinotecan combinations for advanced colorectal cancer: N9741. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5721-7.
2. de Gramont A, Bosset JF, Milan C, et al. Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluo- rouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:808-15. (Pubitemid 27074252)
3. Meta-Analysis Group in Cancer. Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:301-8.
4. Meta-Analysis Group in Cancer. Toxicity of fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: effect of administration schedule and prognostic factors. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3537-41.
5. Meta-Analysis Group in Cancer. Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22: 3766-75.
6. Hoff PM, Ansari R, Batist G, et al. Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2282-92. (Pubitemid 32366981)
7. Van Cutsem E, Twelves C, Cassidy J, et al. Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19: 4097-106. (Pubitemid 33049527)
8. Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355: 1041-7. (Pubitemid 30162806)
9. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:905-14.
10. Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Mitchell E, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4779-86. (Pubitemid 350086481)
11. de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000; 18:2938-47. (Pubitemid 30644117)
12. Cassidy J, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Randomized phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2006-12.
13. Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:23-30. (Pubitemid 41095110)
14. Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of reduced-dose bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin and irinotecan or infused fluorouracil plus leucovorin and oxaliplatin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a North American Intergroup Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3347-53. (Pubitemid 46638888)
15. Colucci G, Gebbia V, Paoletti G, et al. Phase III randomized trial of FOLFIRI versus FOLFOX4 in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a multicenter study of the Gruppo Oncologico Dell'Italia Meridionale. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4866-75. (Pubitemid 46223991)
16. Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:229-37. (Pubitemid 41095086)
17. Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA, et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:143-52. (Pubitemid 47042894)
18. Koopman M, Antonini NF, Douma J, et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:135-42. (Pubitemid 47042893)
19. Grothey A, Sargent D, Goldberg RM, Schmoll HJ. Survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil-leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1209-14. (Pubitemid 41079833)
20. Grothey A, Sargent D. Overall survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer correlates with availability of fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin regardless of whether doublet or single-agent therapy is used first line. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:9441-2.
21. Chibaudel B, Maindrault-Goebel F, Lledo G, et al. Can chemotherapy be discontinued in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer? The GERCOR OPTIMOX2 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:5727-33.
22. Adams R, Wilson RH, Seymour MT, et al. Intermittent versus continuous oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine (Ox-Fp) chemotherapy (CT) in first-line treatment of patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC): Predictive factors (PF), quality of life (QL), and final efficacy results from the MRC COIN trial [abstract 3525]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts). 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
23. Sargent DJ, Kohne CH, Sanoff HK, et al. Pooled safety and efficacy analysis examining the effect of performance status on outcomes in nine first-line treatment trials using individual data from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:1948-55.
24. Goldberg RM, Tabah-Fisch I, Bleiberg H, et al. Pooled analysis of safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil/ leucovorin administered bimonthly in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24: 4085-91. (Pubitemid 46622283)
25. Meyerhardt JA, Mayer RJ. Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:476-87.
26. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350: 2335-42. (Pubitemid 38702844)
27. Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Barrueco J. Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: updated results from the BICC-C study: letter to the editor. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:689-90. (Pubitemid 351264373)
28. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2013-9.
29. Kabbinavar FF, Hambleton J, Mass RD, Hurwitz HI, Bergsland E, Sarkar S. Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3706-12.
30. Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25: 1539-44. (Pubitemid 46733080)
31. Welch S, Spithoff K, Rumble RB, Maroun J. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Ann Oncol 2010;21:1152-62.
32. Tabernero J, Aranda E, Gomez A, et al. Phase III study of first-line XELOX plus bevacizumab (BEV) for 6 cycles followed by XELOX plus BEV or single-agent (s/a) BEV as maintenance therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): the MACRO Trial (Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors [TTD]) [abstract 3501]. J Clin Oncol 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
33. Grothey A, Sugrue M, Hedrick E, et al. Association between exposure to bevacizumab (BV) beyond first progression (BBP) and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): results from a large observational study (BRiTE) [abstract 4036]. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25 June 20 suppl.
34. AIO, Group CCS, Arnold D, et al. Bevacizumab (Bev) beyond progression (BP) in combination with second-line chemotherapy (CT) after failure of a Bev containing firstline CT in patients (pts) with metastastic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Preliminary baseline and safety analysis from the AIO 0504/AGMT phase III study [abstract 469]. 2008. Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. http://www.asco.org/ASCOv2/Meetings/Abstracts?&vmview=abst-detail- view&confID=53&abstractID=10685.
35. Ng K, Zhu AX. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in metastatic colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;65:8-20. (Pubitemid 350216479)
36. Van Cutsem E, Nowacki M, Lang I, et al. Randomized phase III study of irinotecan and 5-FU/FA with or without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): the CRYSTAL trial [abstract 4000]. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25 June 20 suppl.
37. Van Cutsem E, Lang I, D'haens G, et al. KRAS status and efficacy in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with FOLFIRI with or without cetuximab: The CRYSTAL experience [abstract 2]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26 suppl.
38. Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Makhson A, et al. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:663-71.
39. Saltz LB, Meropol NJ, Loehrer PJ Sr, Needle MN, Kopit J, Mayer RJ. Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with refractory colorectal cancer that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22: 1201-8. (Pubitemid 41079832)
40. Saltz L, Rubin M, Hochster H, et al. Cetuximab (IMCC225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) is active in CPT-11-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [abstract 7] Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001:20.
41. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan- refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:337-45. (Pubitemid 38944402)
42. Chung KY, Shia J, Kemeny NE, et al. Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:1803-10. (Pubitemid 46211358)
43. Jonker DJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS, et al. Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2040-8. (Pubitemid 350106711)
44. Maughan TS, Adams R, Smith CG, et al. Identification of potentially responsive subsets when cetuximab is added to oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (CT) in first-line advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC): mature results of the MRC COIN trial [abstract 3502]. J Clin Oncol 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
45. Bokemeyer C, Kohne C, Rougier P, Stroh C, Schlichting M, Van Cutsem E. Cetuximab with chemotherapy (CT) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): analysis of the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies according to KRAS and BRAF mutation status [abstract 3506]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts). 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
46. Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F, et al. Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008; 26:5705-12.
47. Tol J, Nagtegaal ID, Punt CJ. BRAF mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:98-9.
48. Lambrechts D, De Roock W, Prenen H, et al. The role of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations as markers of resistance to cetuximab in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract 4020]. ASCO Meeting Abstracts 2009;27 May 20 suppl.
49. Ruzzo A, Cremolini C, Loupakis F, et al. Association of BRAF mutations and EGFR Intron-1 L/L genotype with resistance to cetuximab plus irinotecan treatment in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients [abstract 4058]. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27 May 20 suppl.
50. Sobrero AF, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L, et al. EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2311-9.
51. Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development. BMS- 564717 (ERBITUX®; cetuximab) Background document: K-ras Oncology Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC). Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb; 2008, November 07.
52. O'Neil BH, Allen R, Spigel DR, et al. High incidence of cetuximab-related infusion reactions in Tennessee and North Carolina and the association with atopic history. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3644-8. (Pubitemid 47372602)
53. Chung CH, Mirakhur B, Chan E, et al. Cetuximab-induced anaphylaxis and IgE specific for galactose-alpha- 1,3-galactose. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1109-17. (Pubitemid 351398485)
54. Van Cutsem E, Siena S, Humblet Y, et al. An open-label, single-arm study assessing safety and efficacy of panitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2008;19:92-8.
55. Van Cutsem E, Peeters M, Siena S, et al. Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1658-64. (Pubitemid 46797944)
56. Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26: 1626-34.
57. Siena S, Tabernero J, Cunningham D, et al. Randomized phase III study of panitumumab (pmab) with FOLFOX4 compared to FOLFOX4 alone as first-line treatment (tx) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): PRIME trial analysis by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tumor staining [abstract 3566]. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
58. Peeters M, Cervantes-Ruiperez A, Strickland A, et al. Randomized phase III study of panitumumab (pmab) with FOLFIRI versus FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment (tx) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): analysis by tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) staining [abstract 3565]. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
59. Lacouture ME, Mitchell EP, Piperdi B, et al. Skin toxicity evaluation protocol with panitumumab (STEPP), a phase II, open-label, randomized trial evaluating the impact of a pre-Emptive Skin treatment regimen on skin toxicities and quality of life in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1351-7.
60. Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, et al. A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:672-80.
61. Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A, et al. Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:563-72.
62. Richards DA, Nemunaitis JJ, Vukelja SJ, et al. Final results of a randomized phase II study of perifosine in combination with capecitabine (P-CAP) versus placebo plus capecitabine (CAP) in patients (pts) with second- or third-line metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) [abstract 3531]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts). 2010;28 May 20 suppl.
63. Scheele J, Stang R, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Paul M. Resection of colorectal liver metastases. World J Surg. 1995; 19:59-71.
64. Leonard GD, Brenner B, Kemeny NE. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before liver resection for patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2038-48. (Pubitemid 46211384)
65. Nordlinger B, Sorbye H, Glimelius B, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:1007-16. (Pubitemid 351392040)
66. Alberts SR, Horvath WL, Sternfeld WC, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for patients with unresectable liver-only metastases from colorectal cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:9243-9.
67. Ho WM, Ma B, Mok T, et al. Liver resection after irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and folinic acid for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a multicenter phase II study by the Cancer Therapeutic Research Group. Med Oncol. 2005;22:303-12. (Pubitemid 41176326)
68. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, Brennan MF, Blumgart LH. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 1999;230:309-18.
69. Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G, et al. Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol. 1999;10:663-9. (Pubitemid 29342371)
70. Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R, et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18: 136-47. (Pubitemid 30036347)
71. Emmanouilides C, Sfakiotaki G, Androulakis N, et al. Front-line bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter phase II study. BMC Cancer. 2007;7:91.
72. Folprecht G, Lutz MP, Schoffski P, et al. Cetuximab and irinotecan/5-fluorouracil/folinic acid is a safe combination for the first-line treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor expressing metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2006;17:450-6. (Pubitemid 43329582)
73. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Phase II trial of cetuximab in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25: 5225-32. (Pubitemid 350232254)
74. Van Cutsem E, Kohne CH, Hitre E, et al. Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1408-17.
75. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg. 2004;240:644-57.
76. Benoist S, Brouquet A, Penna C, et al. Complete response of colorectal liver metastases after chemotherapy: does it mean cure? J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3939-45. (Pubitemid 46630742)
77. Ruers T, Punt CJ, van Coevorden F, et al. Final results of the EORTC intergroup randomized study 40004 (CLOCC) evaluating the benefit of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with chemotherapy for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRC LM) [abstract 3526]. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts). 2010;28 May 15 suppl.