Chinese character recognition using simulated phosphene maps

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 52, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 3404-3412

  Zhao, Ying ^a   Lu, Yanyu ^a   Zhou, Chuanqing ^a   Chen, Yao ^a   Ren, Qiushi ^b   Chai, Xinyu ^a  

^a SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHINESE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RESPONSE TIME; VISION; VISUAL PROSTHESIS; ASIAN; LANGUAGE; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; READING; VISUAL ACUITY;

ADULT; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOSPHENES; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; READING; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL PROSTHESIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960986650     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4234     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Liu W, Sivaprakasam M, Singh PR, Bashirullah R, Wang G. Electronic visual prosthesis. Artif Organs. 2003;27:986-995.
2. Zrenner E. Will retinal implants restore vision? Science. 2002;295: 1022-1025.
3. Weiland JD, Liu W, Humayun MS. Retinal prosthesis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2005;7:361-401.
4. Javaheri M, Hahn DS, Lakhanpal RR, Weiland JD, Humayun MS. Retinal prostheses for the blind. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2006; 35:137-144.
5. Winter JO, Cogan SF, Rizzo JF 3rd. Retinal prostheses: current challenges and future outlook. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2007;18: 1031-1055.
6. Maynard EM. Visual prostheses. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;3: 145-168.
7. Chai X, Li L, Wu K, Zhou C, Cao P, Ren Q. C-sight visual prostheses for the blind. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2008;27:20-28.
8. Veraart C, Duret F, Brelen M, Oozeer M, Delbeke J. Vision rehabilitation in the case of blindness. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2004; 1:139-153.
9. Dagnelie G. Psychophysical evaluation for visual prosthesis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2008;10:339-368.
10. Chen SC, Suaning GJ, Morley JW, Lovell NH. Simulating prosthetic vision, I: visual models of phosphenes. Vision Res. 2009;49:1493-1506.
11. Brindley GS, Lewin WS. The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. J Physiol. 1968;196:479-493.
12. Veraart C, Raftopoulos C, Mortimer JT, et al. Visual sensations produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanted self-sizing spiral cuff electrode. Brain Res. 1998;813:181-186.
13. Humayun MS, Weiland JD, Fujii GY, et al. Visual perception in a blind subject with a chronic microelectronic retinal prosthesis. Vision Res. 2003;43:2573-2581.
14. Schmidt EM, Bak MJ, Hambrecht FT, Kufta CV, O'Rourke DK, Vallabhanath P. Feasibility of a visual prosthesis for the blind based on intracortical microstimulation of the visual cortex. Brain. 1996; 119:507-522.
15. Dobelle WH. Artificial vision for the blind by connecting a television camera to the visual cortex. ASAIO J. 2000;46:3-9.
16. Legge GE, Pelli DG, Rubin GS, Schleske MM. Psychophysics of reading, I: normal vision. Vision Res. 1985;25:239-252.
17. Legge GE, Ross JA, Luebker A, LaMay JM. Psychophysics of reading, VIII: The Minnesota Low-Vision Reading Test. Optom Vis Sci. 1989;66:843-853.
18. Chai X, Yu W, Wang J, Zhao Y, Cai C, Ren Q. Recognition of pixelized Chinese characters using simulated prosthetic vision. Artif Organs. 2007;31:175-182.
19. Cha K, Horch K, Normann RA. Simulation of a phosphene-based visual field: visual acuity in a pixelized vision system. Ann Biomed Eng. 1992;20:439-449.
20. Cha K, Horch KW, Normann RA. Mobility performance with a pixelized vision system. Vision Res. 1992;32:1367-1372.
21. Cha K, Horch KW, Normann RA, Boman DK. Reading speed with a pixelized vision system. J Opt Soc Am A. 1992;9:673-677.
22. Hayes JS, Yin VT, Piyathaisere D, Weiland JD, Humayun MS, Dagnelie G. Visually guided performance of simple tasks using simulated prosthetic vision. Artif Organs. 2003;27:1016-1028.
23. Thompson RW Jr, Barnett GD, Humayun MS, Dagnelie G. Facial recognition using simulated prosthetic pixelized vision. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:5035-5042.
24. Perez Fornos A, Sommerhalder J, Pittard A, Safran AB, Pelizzone M. Simulation of artificial vision, IV: Visual information required to achieve simple pointing and manipulation tasks. Vision Res. 2008; 48:1705-1718.
25. Fornos AP, Sommerhalder J, Rappaz B, Safran AB, Pelizzone M. Simulation of artificial vision, III: do the spatial or temporal characteristics of stimulus pixelization really matter? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:3906-3912.
26. Sommerhalder J, Rappaz B, de Haller R, Fornos AP, Safran AB, Pelizzone M. Simulation of artificial vision, II: eccentric reading of full-page text and the learning of this task. Vision Res. 2004;44: 1693-1706.
27. Sommerhalder J, Oueghlani E, Bagnoud M, Leonards U, Safran AB, Pelizzone M. Simulation of artificial vision, I: eccentric reading of isolated words, and perceptual learning. Vision Res. 2003;43:269-283.
28. Dagnelie G. Visual prosthetics 2006: assessment and expectations. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006;3:315-325.
29. Dagnelie G, Barnett D, Humayun MS, Thompson RW Jr. Paragraph text reading using a pixelized prosthetic vision simulator: parameter dependence and task learning in free-viewing conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:1241-1250.
30. Ai W. Problems about Chinese Characters and Words (in Chinese). Beijing: Chinese Press; 1949.
31. Cai D, Chi C-F, You M. The legibility threshold of Chinese characters in three-type styles. Int J Ind Ergonom. 2001;27:9-17.
32. Chuen T, Shen y. The recognition of Chinese characters under tachistoscopic condition in primary school children. Acta Psychol Sinica. 1963;203-213.
33. Zheng Z. The Process of Recognition of Chinese Characters and Words. Hong Kong: Wenhe Publishing Company; 1982.
34. Zhang W, Feng L. A study on the unit of processing in recognition of Chinese characters. Acta Psychol Sinica. 1992;24:379-385.
35. Cai S, Fu L, Zhang H, Hu G, Liang Z. Prosthetic visual acuity in irregular phosphene arrays under two down-sampling schemes: a simulation study. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005;5:5223-5226.
36. Modern Chinese Characters Commonly Used in the Frequency Statistics: Beijing: The State Language Work Committee; 1989.
37. Huang X, Cai Z, Chen L. The effect of visual angle on the recognition of Chinese characters. Psychol Sci. 2004;27:770-773.
38. Delbeke J, Oozeer M, Veraart C. Position, size and luminosity of phosphenes generated by direct optic nerve stimulation. Vision Res. 2003;43:1091-1102.
39. Hogg RV, Craig A. Introduction to Mathematical Statistics. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1994.
40. Shou T. Brain Mechanisms of Visual Information Processing. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Scientific and Technological Education Publishing House; 1997.
41. Dagnelie G, Keane P, Narla V, Yang L, Weiland J, Humayun M. Real and virtual mobility performance in simulated prosthetic vision. J Neural Eng. 2007;4:S92-S101.
42. Brelen ME, Duret F, Gerard B, Delbeke J, Veraart C. Creating a meaningful visual perception in blind volunteers by optic nerve stimulation. J Neural Eng. 2005;2:S22-S28.
43. Chader GJ, Weiland J, Humayun MS. Artificial vision: needs, functioning, and testing of a retinal electronic prosthesis. Prog Brain Res. 2009;175:317-332.