Evaluation of water permittivity models from ground-based observations of cold clouds at frequencies between 23 and 170 GHz

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

Volumn 49, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 2999-3008

  Cadeddu, Maria P ^a   Turner, David D ^b  

^a ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cloud liquid absorption models; liquid water path retrievals; microwave radiometry; water permittivity

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC COMPONENTS; COLD CLOUDS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC MODELS; ENHANCED SENSITIVITY; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID ABSORPTION; LIQUID WATER; LIQUID WATER PATH RETRIEVALS; LIQUID WATER PATHS; LOW TEMPERATURES; LOWER FREQUENCIES; MICROWAVE ABSORPTION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; MODEL COMPUTATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVES; RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL; RETRIEVAL UNCERTAINTY; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE RANGE; WATER PERMITTIVITY;

CLOUDS; CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS; DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT; MICROWAVES; PERMITTIVITY; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; RADIOMETERS; RADIOMETRY; SUPERCOOLING;

WATER ABSORPTION;

ABSORPTION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; LOW TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; PERMITTIVITY;

EID: 79960918938     PISSN: 01962892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2121074     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. E. H. Grant, T. J. Buchanan, and H. F. Cook, "Dielectric behavior of water at microwave frequencies," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 156-161, Jan. 1957.
2. P. S. Ray, "Broadband complex refractive indices of ice and water," Appl. Opt., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1836-1844, Aug. 1972.
3. H. J. Liebe, G. A. Hufford, and T. Manabe, "A model for the complex permittivity of water at the frequencies below 1 THz," Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 659-675, Jul. 1991. (Pubitemid 21680874)
4. T. Meissner and F. J.Wentz, "The complex dielectric constant of pure and sea water from microwave satellite observations," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1836-1849, Sep. 2004.
5. D. D. Turner, A. M. Vogelmann, R. T. Austin, J. C. Barnard, K. Cady-Pereira, J. C. Chiu, S. A. Clough, C. Flynn, M. M. Khaiyer, J. Liljegren, K. Johnson, B. Lin, C. Long, A. Marshak, S. Y. Matrosov, S. A. McFarlane, M. Miller, Q. Min, P. Minnis, W. O'Hirok, Z. Wang, and W. Wiscombe, "Thin liquid water clouds: Their importance and our challenge," Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 177-190, Feb. 2007. (Pubitemid 46501991)
6. J. C. Liljegren, E. E. Clothiaux, G. G. Mace, S. Kato, and X. Dong, "A new retrieval for cloud liquid water path using a ground-based microwave radiometer and measurements of cloud temperature," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 106, no. D13, pp. 14 485-14 500, 2001.
7. D. D. Turner, S. A. Clough, J. C. Liljegren, E. E. Clothiaux, K. E. Cady-Pereira, and K. L. Gaustad, "Retrieving liquid water path and precipitable water vapor from the atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) microwave radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 3680-3690, Nov. 2007.
8. S. Crewell and U. Löhnert, "Accuracy of cloud liquid water path from ground-based microwave radiometry 2. Sensor accuracy and synergy," Radio Sci., vol. 38, no. 3, p. 8042, 2003, DOI: 10.1029/202RS002634.
9. E. R. Westwater, Y. Han, M. D. Shupe, and S. Y. Matrosov, "Analysis of integrated cloud liquid and precipitable water vapor retrievals from microwave radiometers during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean project," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 106, no. D23, pp. 32 019-32 030, 2001.
10. P. Zuidema, E. R.Westwater, C. Fairall, and D. Hazen, "Ship-based liquid water path estimates in marine stratocumulus," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 110, p. D20 206, 2005, DOI: 10.1029/2005JD005833. (Pubitemid 41763277)
11. A. E. Lipton, M. K. Griffin, and A. G. Ling, "Microwave transfer model differences in remote sensing of cloud liquid water at low temperatures," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 620-623, Jan. 1999.
12. J. R. Wang, "A comparison of the MIR-estimated and model-calculated fresh water surface emissivity at 89, 150 and 220 GHz," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1356-1365, Jun. 2002.
13. W. J. Ellison, "Permittivity of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure, over the frequency range 0-25 THz and the temperature range 0 C°- 100 C°," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 1-18, Mar. 2007.
14. T. J. Hewison, D. Cimini, L. Martin, C. Gaffard, and J. Nash, "Validating clear air absorption models using ground-based microwave radiometers and vice versa," Meteorol. Zeitschrift, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 27-36, Feb. 2006.
15. J. C. Liljegren, S.-A. Boukabara, K. Cady-Pereira, and S. A. Clough, "The effect of the half-width of the 22-GHz water vapor line on retrievals of temperature and water vapor profiles with a 12-channel microwave radiometer," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1102- 1108, May 2005. (Pubitemid 40644449)
16. D. D. Turner, M. P. Cadeddu, U. Lohnert, S. Crewell, and A. M. Vogelmann, "Modifications to the water vapor continuum in the microwave suggested by ground-based 150-GHz observations," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3326-3337, Oct. 2009.
17. M. P. Cadeddu, V. H. Payne, S. A. Clough, K. Cady-Pereira, and J. C. Liljegren, "The effect of the oxygen line-parameter modeling on temperature and humidity retrievals from ground-based microwave radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 2216- 2223, Jul. 2007. (Pubitemid 47000289)
18. H. J. Liebe, G. A. Hufford, and M. G. Cotton, "Propagation modeling of moist air and suspended water/ice particles at frequencies below 1000 GHz," in Proc. AGARD, 1993, vol. 542, pp. 1-10.
19. A. P. Stogryn, H. T. Bull, K. Rubayi, and S. Iravanchy, "The microwave permittivity of sea and fresh water," GenCorp Aerojet, Azusa, CA, 1995, Aerojet Rep.
20. W. Ellison, "Dielectric properties of natural media," in Thermal Microwave Radiation: Application for Remote Sensing. London, U.K.: IET Publisher, 2006, ser. The institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Electromagnetic Waves series 52.
21. T. P. Ackerman and G. M. Stokes, "The atmospheric radiation measurement program," Phys. Today, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 38-44, 2003.
22. D. Cimini, F. Nasir, E. R. Westwater, V. H. Payne, D. D. Turner, E. J. Mlawer, M. L. Exner, and M. Cadeddu, "Comparison of groundbased millimeter-wave observations and simulations in the Arctic winter," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 3098-3106, Sep. 2009, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2020743.
23. J. C. Liljegren, "Automatic self-calibration of ARM microwave radiometers," in Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere, P. Pampaloni and S. Paloscia, Eds. Lorton, VA: VSP Book, 2000, pp. 433-443.
24. K. E. Cady-Pereira, M. W. Shephard, D. D. Turner, M. J. Mlawer, S. A. Clough, and T. J. Wagner, "Improved daytime column-integrated precipitable water vapor from Vaisala radiosondes humidity sensors," J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 873-883, Jun. 2008, DOI: 10.1175/2007JTECHA1027.1.
25. M. P. Cadeddu, J. C. Liljegren, and A. L. Pazmany, "Measurements and retrievals from a new 183-GHz water-vapor radiometer in the arctic," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 2207-2215, Jul. 2007. (Pubitemid 47000288)
26. M. P. Cadeddu, D. D. Turner, and J. C. Liljegren, "A neural network for real-time retrievals of PWV and LWP from arctic millimeter-wave ground-based observations," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1887-1900, Jul. 2009.
27. V. H. Payne, J. S. Delamere, K. E. Cady-Pereira, R. R. Gamache, J.-L. Moncet, E. J. Mlawer, and S. A. Clough, "Air-broadened halfwidths of the 22- and 183-GHz water-vapor lines," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 3601-3617, Nov. 2008, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002435.
28. D. D. Turner, "Arctic mixed-phase cloud properties from AERI lidar observations: Algorithm and results from SHEBA," J. Appl. Meteorol., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 427-444, Apr. 2005. (Pubitemid 40717062)
29. D. D. Turner, "Improved ground-based liquid water path retrievals using a combined infrared and microwave approach," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 112, p. D15 204, 2007, DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008530. (Pubitemid 47534411)
30. R. O. Knuteson, H. E. Revercomb, F. A. Best, N. C. Ciganovich, R. G. Dedecker, T. P. Dirkx, S. C. Ellington, W. F. Feltz, R. K. Garcia, H. B. Howell, W. L. Smith, J. F. Short, and D. C. Tobin, "Atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer. Part II: Instrument performance," J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1777-1789, Dec. 2004. (Pubitemid 40177624)
31. S. Crewell, K. Ebell, U. Löhnert, and D. D. Turner, "Can liquid water profiles be retrieved from passive microwave zenith observations?" Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 36, pp. L06 803, 2009, DOI: 10.1029/2008GL036934.
32. F. T. Ulaby, R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, From Theory to Applications, vol. 3. Dedham, MA: Artech House, 1986.
33. H. D. Downing and D. Williams, "Optical constants of water in the infrared," J. Opt. Soc. Amer., vol. 61, pp. 1107-1110, 1974.
34. A. Y. Zasetsky, A. F. Khalizov, M. E. Earle, and J. J. Sloan, "Frequency dependent complex refractive indices of supercooled liquid water and ice determined from extinction spectra," J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 109, no. 12, pp. 2760-2764, Mar. 2005. (Pubitemid 40519521)
35. R. Wagner, S. Benz, O. Möhler, H. Saathoff, M. Schnaiter, and U. Schurath, "Mid-infrared extinction spectra and optical constants of supercooled water droplets," J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 109, no. 32, pp. 7099- 7112, Aug. 2005. (Pubitemid 41260827)
36. U. Löhnert, S. Kneifel, A. Battaglia, M. Hagen, L. Hirsch, and S. Crewell, "A multi-sensor approach toward a better understanding of snowfall microphysics: The TOCSA project," Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 2011, DOI: 10.1175/2010BAMS2909.1.
37. C. Mätzler, P. W. Rosenkranz, and J. Cermak, "Microwave absorption of supercooled clouds and implications for the dielectric of water," J. Geophys. Res., vol. 115, p. D23 208, 2010, DOI: 10.1029/2010JD014283.
38. D. Bertolini, M. Cassettari, and G. Salvetti, "The dielectric relaxation time of supercooled water," J. Chem. Phys., vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 3285-3290, Mar. 1982.