Athletic identity and disordered eating in obligatory and non-obligatory runners

Journal of Sports Sciences

Volumn 29, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1001-1010

  Gapin, Jennifer I ^a   Petruzzello, Steven J ^b  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY EDWARDSVILLE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Eating disorder; Exercise; Identity; Running

Indexed keywords

ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATTITUDE; BODY IMAGE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EATING DISORDER; EXERCISE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; IDENTITY; LOW CALORY DIET; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; RUNNING; SELF CONCEPT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ATHLETES; ATTITUDE; BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; BODY IMAGE; DIET, REDUCING; EATING DISORDERS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; RUNNING; SELF CONCEPT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960857769     PISSN: 02640414     EISSN: 1466447X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2011.571275     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ackard, D. M., Brehm, B. J., & Steffen, J. J. (2002). Exercise and eating disorders in college-aged women: Profiling excessive exercisers. Eating Disorders, 10, 31-47.
2. Anderson, D. F., & Cychosz, C. M. (1990). Prediction of participation in exercise among employees of a medical center from their perceived susceptibility, benefits, barriers, social influences, cues to action, physical self-efficacy, and exercise identity. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, Houston, TX.
3. Anderson, S. J., Basson, C. J., & Geils, C. (1997). Personality style and mood states associated with a negative addiction to running. Sports Medicine, 4, 6-11.
4. Beals, K. A. (2004). Disordered eating among athletes: Acomprehensive guide for health professionals. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
5. Beals, K. A., & Manore, M. M. (1994). The prevalence and consequences of subclinical eating disorders in female athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 4, 175-195.
6. Biddle, S. J. H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Depression and other mental illnesses. In S. J. H. Biddle & N. Mutrie (Eds.), Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being and interventions (pp. 202-235). London: Routledge.
7. Blumenthal, J. A., O'Toole, L. C., & Chang, J. L. (1984). Is running an analogue of anorexia nervosa? An empirical study of obligatory running and anorexia nervosa. Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, 520-523.
8. Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 237-254.
9. Brown, C., & Hartley, D. L. (1998). Athletic identity and career maturity of male college student athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 17-26.
10. Bruch, H. (1979). Developmental deviations in anorexia nervosa. Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 17, 255-261.
11. Bruch, H. (1982). Anorexia nervosa: Therapy and theory. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1531-1538.
12. Cobb, K. L., Bachrach, L. K., Greendale, G., Marcus, R., Neer, R. M., Nieves, J. et al. (2003). Disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and bone mineral density in female runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, 711-719.
13. Cockerill, I. M., & Riddington, M. E. (1996). Exercise dependence and associated disorders: A review. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 9, 119-129.
14. Coen, S. P., & Ogles, B. M. (1993). Psychological characteristics of the obligatory runner: A critical examination of the anorexia analogue hypothesis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 338-354.
15. Cornelius, A. (1995). The relationship between athletic identity, peer and faculty socialization, and college student development. Journal of College Student Development, 36, 560-573.
16. Davis, C., & Fox, J. (1993). Excessive exercise and weight preoccupation in women. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 201-211.
17. Davis, C., Katzman, D. K., & Kirsh, C. (1999). Compulsive physical activity in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A psychobehavioral spiral of pathology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 336-342.
18. Davis, C., Kennedy, S. H., Ralevski, E., & Dionne, M. (1994). The role of physical activity in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. PsychologicalMedicine, 24, 967-976.
19. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The General Causality Orientations Scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134.
20. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
21. Ekkekakis, P., & Petruzzello, S. J. (1999). Acute aerobic exercise and affect: Current status, problems and prospects regarding dose-response. Sports Medicine, 28, 337-374.
22. Elbourne, K. E., & Chen, J. (2007). The continuum model of obligatory exercise: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62, 73-80.
23. Fox, K. R. (2000). Self-esteem, self-perceptions, and exercise. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31, 228-240.
24. Fox, K. R., & Corbin, C. B. (1986). An extension to a model of physical involvement: A preliminary investigation into the role of perceived importance of physical abilities. In J. Watkins, T. Reilly, & L. Burwitz (Eds.), Sports science (pp. 223-228). London: E & FN Spon.
25. Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2, 15-34.
26. Ghaderi, A., & Scott, B. (2000). The big five and eating disorders: A prospective study in the general population. European Journal of Personality, 14, 311-323.
27. Goss, J. D. (1994). Hardiness and mood disturbances in swimmers while overtraining. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16, 135-149.
28. Hausenblas, H. A., & Carron, A. V. (2002). Assessing eating disorder symptoms in sport groups: A critique with recommendations for the future. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 274-286.
29. Horton, R. S., & Mack, D. E. (2000). Athletic identity in marathon runners: Functional focus or dysfunctional commitment? Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 101-119.
30. Hubbard, S. T., Gray, J. J., & Parker, S. (1998). Differences among women who exercise for "food related" and "nonfood related" reasons. European Eating Disorders Review, 6, 225-265.
31. Hughes, R., & Coakley, J. (1991). Positive deviance among athletes: The implications of over conformity to the sport ethic. Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 307-325.
32. Johnsgard, K. (1985). The motivation of the long distance runner: II. Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 140-143.
33. Koff, E., & Sangani, P. (1997). Effects of coping styles and negative body image on eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 51-56.
34. Loumidis, K., & Wells, A. (2001). Exercising for the wrong reasons: Relationships among eating disorder beliefs, dysfunctional exercise beliefs, and coping. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 8, 416-423.
35. Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78.
36. Marsh, H. W. (1993). Physical fitness self-concept: Relations of physical fitness to field and technical indicators for boys and girls aged 9-25. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 184-206.
37. Martin, J. J., Eklund, R. C., & Mushett, C. A. (1997). Factor structure of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale with athletes with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 14, 74-82.
38. Masters, K. S., Ogles, B. M., & Jolton, J. A. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 134-143.
39. Morgan, W. P. (1979). Negative addiction in runners. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 7 (2), 55-70.
40. Murphy, G. M., Petitpas, A. J., & Brewer, B. W. (1996). Identity foreclosure, athletic identity, and career maturity in intercollegiate athletes. Sports Psychologist, 10, 239-246.
41. Nagata, T., Matsuyama, M., Kiriike, N., Iketani, T., & Oshima, J. (2000). Stress coping strategy in Japanese patients with eating disorders: Relationships with bulimic and impulsive behaviors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 280-286.
42. Nattiv, A. (1993). The female athlete triad: Disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. USA Gymnastics 1993 National Congress, 57-60.
43. Nixon, H. L. (1989). Reconsidering obligatory running and anorexia nervosa as gender-related problems of identity and role adjustment. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 13, 14-24.
44. Pasman, L., & Thompson, J. K. (1988). Body image and eating disturbances in obligatory runners, obligatory weightlifters, and sedentary individuals. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 7, 759-769.
45. Perna, F. M., Zaichkowsky, L., & Bockneck, G. (1996). The association of mentoring with psychosocial development among male athletes at termination of college career. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 76-88.
46. Polivy, J. (1994). Physical activity, fitness, and compulsive behaviors. In C. Bouchard, R. J. Shephard, & T. Stephens (Eds.), Physical activity, fitness, and health: International proceedings and consensus statement (pp. 883-897). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
47. Porat, Y., Lufi, D., & Tenenbaum, G. (1989). Psychological components contribute to select young female gymnasts. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 20, 279-286.
48. Rich, E. (2006). Anorexic dis(connection): Managing anorexia as an illness and an identity. Sociology of Health and Illness, 28, 284-305.
49. Sachs, M. L., & Pargman, D. (1979). Running addiction: A depth interview examination. Journal of Sport Behavior, 2, 143-155.
50. Schupak-Neuberg, E., & Nemeroff, C. (1993). Disturbances in identity and self-regulation in bulimia nervosa: Implications for a metaphorical perspective of "body as self". International Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 335-347.
51. Slay, H. A., Hayaki, J., Napolitano, M. A., & Brownell, K. D. (1998). Motivations for running and eating attitudes in obligatory versus nonobligatory runners. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 267-275.
52. Steffen, J. J., & Brehm, B. J. (1999). The dimensions of obligatory exercise. Eating Disorders, 7, 219-226.
53. Strober, M. (1991). Disorders of the self in anorexia nervosa: An organismic-developmental paradigm. In C. Johnson (Ed.), Psychodynamic treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia (pp. 354-373). New York: Guilford Press.
54. Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1994). Identity salience and psychological centrality: Equivalent, overlapping, or complementary concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 16-35.
55. Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994). Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 414-419.
56. Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 14, 25-32.
57. Thome, J., & Espelage, D. L. (2007). Obligatory exercise and eating pathology in college females: Replication and development of a structural model. Eating Behaviors, 8, 334-349.
58. Thornton, E. W., & Scott, S. E. (1995). Motivation in the committed runner: Correlations between self-report scales and behaviour. Health Promotion International, 10, 177-184.
59. Torstveit, M. K., & Rosenvinge, J. H., & Sundgot-Borgen, J. (2008). Prevalence of eating disorders and the predictive power of risk models in female elite athletes: A controlled study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 18, 108-118.
60. Wilmore, J. H. (1991). Eating and weight disorders in the female athlete. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 1, 104-107.
61. Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., & Fraser, S. N. (2002). Examining the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 6, 1-21.
62. Yates, A., Leehey, K., & Shisslak, C. M. (1983). Running: An analogue of anorexia? New England Journal of Medicine, 305, 251-255.