메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 412-421

A comparison of psychometric properties and normality in 4-, 5-, 6-, and 11-point likert scales

Author keywords

Interval scale; Likert scale; Normality; Reliability

Indexed keywords


EID: 79960784266     PISSN: 01488376     EISSN: 15407314     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01488376.2011.580697     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (442)

References (20)
  • 1
    • 34547768074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likert scales and data analyses
    • Allen, E., & Seaman, C. (2007). Likert scales and data analyses. Quality Progress, 40(7), 64-65.
    • (2007) Quality Progress , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 64-65
    • Allen, E.1    Seaman, C.2
  • 2
    • 3843133124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response effects in surveys on children and adolescents: The effect of number of response options, negative wording, and neutral midpoint
    • Borgers, N., Sikkel, D., & Hox, J. (2004). Response effects in surveys on children and adolescents: The effect of number of response options, negative wording, and neutral midpoint. Quality and Quantity, 38(1), 17-33.
    • (2004) Quality and Quantity , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-33
    • Borgers, N.1    Sikkel, D.2    Hox, J.3
  • 3
    • 84976923706 scopus 로고
    • A psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity
    • Chang, L. (1994). A psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity. Applied Psychological Measurement, 18(3), 205-215.
    • (1994) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-215
    • Chang, L.1
  • 5
    • 0010528035 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing data measured by individual Likert-type items
    • Clason, D. L., & Dormody, T. J. (1994). Analyzing data measured by individual Likert-type items. Journal of Agricultural Education, 35(4), 31-35.
    • (1994) Journal of Agricultural Education , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 31-35
    • Clason, D.L.1    Dormody, T.J.2
  • 6
    • 0004581329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why we should not use 5-point Likert scales: The case for subjective quality-of-life measurement
    • Kent Ridge, Singapore: National University of Singapore
    • Cummins, R. A., & Gullone, E. (2000). Why we should not use 5-point Likert scales: The case for subjective quality-of-life measurement. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Life in Cities (pp. 74-93). Kent Ridge, Singapore: National University of Singapore.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Life in Cities , pp. 74-93
    • Cummins, R.A.1    Gullone, E.2
  • 8
    • 0009006415 scopus 로고
    • The midpoint on a rating scale: Is it desirable?
    • Garland, R. (1991). The midpoint on a rating scale: Is it desirable? Marketing Bulletin, 2, 66-70.
    • (1991) Marketing Bulletin , vol.2 , pp. 66-70
    • Garland, R.1
  • 10
    • 19744377580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the discrimination of Servqualby usingmagnitude scaling
    • In G. K. Kanji (Ed.), London, England: Chapman and Hall
    • Hart, M. C. (1996). Improving the discrimination of SERVQUALby usingmagnitude scaling. In G. K. Kanji (Ed.), Total quality management in action (pp. 267-270). London, England: Chapman and Hall.
    • (1996) Total Quality Management in Action , pp. 267-270
    • Hart, M.C.1
  • 11
    • 34548500349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phrase completion scales: A better measurement approach than Likert scales?
    • Hodge, D. R., & Gillespie, D. F. (2007). Phrase completion scales: A better measurement approach than Likert scales? Journal of Social Service Research, 34(4), 1-12.
    • (2007) Journal of Social Service Research , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-12
    • Hodge, D.R.1    Gillespie, D.F.2
  • 13
    • 70350107380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective social economic status of adolescence in Macau
    • Leung, S. O. (2009). Subjective social economic status of adolescence in Macau. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 15, 145-153.
    • (2009) International Journal of Adolescence and Youth , vol.15 , pp. 145-153
    • Leung, S.O.1
  • 14
    • 77955639503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity and reliability of ChineseRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
    • Leung, S. O., & Wong, P. M. (2008). Validity and reliability of ChineseRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. NewHorizons in Education, 56(1), 62-69.
    • (2008) NewHorizons in Education , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-69
    • Leung, S.O.1    Wong, P.M.2
  • 15
    • 0001859044 scopus 로고
    • A technique for the measurement of attitudes
    • Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140, 5-53.
    • (1932) Archives of Psychology , vol.140 , pp. 5-53
    • Likert, R.1
  • 17
    • 0035587709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
    • Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 151-161.
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-161
    • Robins, R.W.1    Hendin, H.M.2    Trzesniewski, K.H.3
  • 18
    • 33846548496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics
    • Somech, A., & Ron, I. (2007). Promoting organizational citizenship behavior in schools: The impact of individual and organizational characteristics. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(1), 38-66.
    • (2007) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-66
    • Somech, A.1    Ron, I.2
  • 19
    • 79960798356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical study on the transformation of Likert-scale data to numerical scores
    • Wu, C.-H. (2007). An empirical study on the transformation of Likert-scale data to numerical scores. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 1(58), 2851-2862.
    • (2007) Applied Mathematical Sciences , vol.1 , Issue.58 , pp. 2851-2862
    • Wu, C.-H.1
  • 20
    • 0041139828 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of four 5-point Likert-type response scales
    • Wyatt, R. C., & Meyers, L. S. (1987). Psychometric properties of four 5-point Likert-type response scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47(1), 27-35.
    • (1987) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-35
    • Wyatt, R.C.1    Meyers, L.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.