메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 485-494

Nasogastric feeding at the end of life: A virtue ethics approach

Author keywords

duty of palliative care; end of life; nasogastric feeding; palliative care; virtue ethics

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PRACTICE; ENTERIC FEEDING; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICS; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MORALITY; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; REVIEW; SINGAPORE;

EID: 79960738346     PISSN: 09697330     EISSN: 14770989     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0969733011403557     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (28)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 84856527836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced Medical Directive., (accessed June)
    • Advanced Medical Directive. Chapter 4A Section 2. http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-4A&doctitle=ADVANCE%20MEDICAL%20DIRECTIVE%20ACT%0A&date=latest&method=part&sl=1 (2008, accessed June 2010).
    • (2008) Chapter 4A Section 2
  • 2
    • 70349094128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia
    • Art. No. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007209.pub2
    • Sampson EL, Candy B. and Jones L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009; 2: Art. No. CD007209. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007209.pub2.
    • (2009) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , vol.2
    • Sampson, E.L.1    Candy, B.2    Jones, L.3
  • 5
    • 0031940111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should cancer patients with incurable disease receive parenteral or enteral nutritional support?
    • Delmore G. Should cancer patients with incurable disease receive parenteral or enteral nutritional support? European Journal of Cancer 1998; 34(3): 282-4.
    • (1998) European Journal of Cancer , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 282-284
    • Delmore, G.1
  • 6
    • 0003256110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed May), e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
    • Sobotka L. Basics in clinical nutrition: nutritional support in different clinical situations. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=EmailFriendURL&_method=gatherInfo&refSource=html&count=1&_uoikey=B83WT-4X2BVCN-6&_acct=C000049385&_version=1&_userid=961183&md5=2986526b07707151f5d272209e27dfb5 (2004, accessed May 2010).
    • (2004) Basics in Clinical Nutrition: Nutritional Support in Different Clinical Situations
    • Sobotka, L.1
  • 7
    • 17144365444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of parenteral hydration in terminally ill cancer patients: a preliminary study
    • Bruera E.,et al.Effects of parenteral hydration in terminally ill cancer patients: a preliminary study. JCO 2005; 23(1): 2366-71.
    • (2005) JCO , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 2366-2371
    • Bruera, E.1
  • 8
    • 0028047821 scopus 로고
    • Is enteral nutrition a primary therapy in cancer patients?
    • Bozzetti F. Is enteral nutrition a primary therapy in cancer patients? Gut 1994; 35(suppl): S65-8.
    • (1994) Gut , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 65-68
    • Bozzetti, F.1
  • 9
    • 32044451573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonoral hydration in palliative care
    • Fainsinger R. Nonoral hydration in palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2006; 9(1): 206-8.
    • (2006) Journal of Palliative Medicine , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 206-208
    • Fainsinger, R.1
  • 10
    • 0026811326 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and maintenance of nutrition in older cancer patients
    • Tchekmedian NS, Zahyna D., Halpert C.,et al.Assessment and maintenance of nutrition in older cancer patients. Oncology 1992; 49(suppl 2): 105-11.
    • (1992) Oncology , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 105-111
    • Tchekmedian, N.S.1    Zahyna, D.2    Halpert, C.3
  • 11
    • 71149104704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basics in clinical nutrition: some laboratory measures of response to nutrition in research and clinical studies
    • Cynober L. Basics in clinical nutrition: some laboratory measures of response to nutrition in research and clinical studies. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2009; 4: e226-8.
    • (2009) E-SPEN, the European E-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism , vol.4 , pp. 226-228
    • Cynober, L.1
  • 12
    • 38549144350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial rehydration in the last days of life: is it beneficial
    • Bavin L. Artificial rehydration in the last days of life: is it beneficial? International Journal of Palliative Nursing 2007; 13(9): 445-9.
    • (2007) International Journal of Palliative Nursing , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 445-449
    • Bavin, L.1
  • 13
    • 11944267747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dehydration in cancer patients: to treat or not to treat
    • Dalal S. and Bruera E. Dehydration in cancer patients: to treat or not to treat. Journal of Support Oncology 2004; 2: 467-87.
    • (2004) Journal of Support Oncology , vol.2 , pp. 467-487
    • Dalal, S.1    Bruera, E.2
  • 14
    • 8544234306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician- and nurse-reported effects of intravenous hydration therapy on symptoms of terminally ill patients with cancer
    • Morita T., Shima Y., Mitsunori M., Kimura R. and Adachi I. Physician- and nurse-reported effects of intravenous hydration therapy on symptoms of terminally ill patients with cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2004; 7(5): 683-93.
    • (2004) Journal of Palliative Medicine , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 683-693
    • Morita, T.1    Shima, Y.2    Mitsunori, M.3    Kimura, R.4    Adachi, I.5
  • 15
    • 33744513119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition
    • [sec 3.6]
    • Arends J.,et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition. Nonsurgical Oncology 2006; 25(2): 245-59 [sec 3.6].
    • (2006) Nonsurgical Oncology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-259
    • Arends, J.1
  • 16
    • 0026811326 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and maintenance of nutrition in older cancer patients
    • Tchekmedian NS, Zahyna D., Halpert C.,et al.Assessment and maintenance of nutrition in older cancer patients. Oncology 1992; 49(suppl 2): 105-11.
    • (1992) Oncology , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 105-111
    • Tchekmedian, N.S.1    Zahyna, D.2    Halpert, C.3
  • 17
    • 0027495935 scopus 로고
    • Dehydration symptoms of palliative care cancer patients
    • Burge FI Dehydration symptoms of palliative care cancer patients. JPSM 1993; 8: 454-64.
    • (1993) JPSM , vol.8 , pp. 454-464
    • Burge, F.I.1
  • 18
    • 0026021419 scopus 로고
    • Terminal dehydration and intravenous fluids
    • Waller A.,et al.Terminal dehydration and intravenous fluids. Lancet 1991; 337: 745.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 745
    • Waller, A.1
  • 19
    • 0029017895 scopus 로고
    • Dehydration and the dying patient
    • Ellershaw JE Dehydration and the dying patient. JPSM 1995; 10: 192-7.
    • (1995) JPSM , vol.10 , pp. 192-197
    • Ellershaw, J.E.1
  • 20
    • 27344452851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' and relatives' perceptions about IV and subcut hydration
    • Mercadante S. Patients' and relatives' perceptions about IV and subcut hydration. JPSM 2005; 30(4): 354-8.
    • (2005) JPSM , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 354-358
    • Mercadante, S.1
  • 21
    • 0343447076 scopus 로고
    • Terminal dehydration
    • Oliver D. Terminal dehydration. Lancet 1984; 2: 631.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 631
    • Oliver, D.1
  • 22
    • 74049114976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition in palliative care
    • Acreman S. nutrition in palliative care. BJCN 2009; 14(10): 427-31.
    • (2009) BJCN , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 427-431
    • Acreman, S.1
  • 23
    • 0032085893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining palliative care interventions
    • Bruera E.,et al.Defining palliative care interventions. J PC 1997; 14(2): 23-4.
    • (1997) J PC , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 23-24
    • Bruera, E.1
  • 24
    • 0028236868 scopus 로고
    • An observational study of the role of pain control and food adaptation of aged cancer patients during terminal care
    • Feuz A. and Rapin CH An observational study of the role of pain control and food adaptation of aged cancer patients during terminal care. American J Dietetic Association 1994; 94: 767-70.
    • (1994) American J Dietetic Association , vol.94 , pp. 767-770
    • Feuz, A.1    Rapin, C.H.2
  • 25
    • 28944437040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refusal of hydration and nutrition
    • Cochrane TI and Troug RD Refusal of hydration and nutrition. Arch Intern Med 2006; 165(12): 2574-6.
    • (2006) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , Issue.12 , pp. 2574-2576
    • Cochrane, T.I.1    Troug, R.D.2
  • 26
    • 0032011061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfort and incidence of abnormal serum sodium, BUN, Creatnine and osmolality in dehydration of terminal illness
    • March/April
    • Vullo-Navich K.,et al.Comfort and incidence of abnormal serum sodium, BUN, Creatnine and osmolality in dehydration of terminal illness. Am J Hospice and Pall Care 1998; March/April: 77-83.
    • (1998) Am J Hospice and Pall Care , pp. 77-83
    • Vullo-Navich, K.1
  • 27
    • 0031307938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of fluid status and fluid therapty on the dying
    • Viola RA The effects of fluid status and fluid therapty on the dying. J Pall Care 1997; 13: 41-52.
    • (1997) J Pall Care , vol.13 , pp. 41-52
    • Viola, R.A.1
  • 28
    • 35348947487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physician and nurse attitude toward ANH for terminally ill cancer patients in Japan
    • Miyashita M., et al.Physician and nurse attitude toward ANH for terminally ill cancer patients in Japan. Am J Hospice and Palliat Med 2007; 24(5): 383-9.
    • (2007) Am J Hospice and Palliat Med , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 383-389
    • Miyashita, M.1
  • 29
    • 46249103307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palliative care professionals perceptions of nutrition and hydration at the end of life
    • Van der Reit P.,et al.Palliative care professionals perceptions of nutrition and hydration at the end of life. Int J Pall Nurs 2008; 14(3): 145-51.
    • (2008) Int J Pall Nurs , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 145-151
    • van der Reit, P.1
  • 30
    • 32044451573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonoral hydration in palliative care
    • Fainsinger R. Nonoral hydration in palliative care. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2006; 9(1): 206-8.
    • (2006) Journal of Palliative Medicine , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 206-208
    • Fainsinger, R.1
  • 31
    • 0034309197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANH at the end of life
    • Smith SA ANH at the end of life. MedSurg Nursing 2000; 9(5): 233-47.
    • (2000) MedSurg Nursing , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 233-247
    • Smith, S.A.1
  • 32
    • 34548480161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forgoing ANH in patients nearing death in six
    • Buiting HM,et al.Forgoing ANH in patients nearing death in six European countries. JPSM 2007; 34(3): 305-14.
    • (2007) European Countries. JPSM , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-314
    • Buiting, H.M.1
  • 33
    • 79960718310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANH in the terminally ill
    • Fall
    • Frederich ME ANH in the terminally ill. AAHPM Bulletin 2002; Fall: 8, 9, 13.
    • (2002) AAHPM Bulletin , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 13
    • Frederich, M.E.1
  • 34
    • 18744401952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms and care of dying elderly patients in an acute hospital
    • Seah STA and Low JA Symptoms and care of dying elderly patients in an acute hospital. SMJ 2005; 46(5): 210-4.
    • (2005) SMJ , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 210-214
    • Seah, S.T.A.1    Low, J.A.2
  • 35
    • 0035118103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nasogastric tube and percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy in advanced H&N cancer patients
    • Magne N.,et al.Comparison of nasogastric tube and percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy in advanced H&N cancer patients. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngo 2001; 258(2): 89-92.
    • (2001) Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngo , vol.258 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-92
    • Magne, N.1
  • 36
    • 79960708631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendix - information given to participants on clinical outcomes of CPR and tube feeding
    • Kwok T.,et al.Appendix - information given to participants on clinical outcomes of CPR and tube feeding. JAN 2007; 3: 262.
    • (2007) JAN , vol.3 , pp. 262
    • Kwok, T.1
  • 37
    • 0034671961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminal nutrition: framing the debate for the withdrawal of nutritional support in terminally ill patients
    • Winter SM Terminal nutrition: framing the debate for the withdrawal of nutritional support in terminally ill patients. Am J Med 2000; 109: 723-6.
    • (2000) Am J Med , vol.109 , pp. 723-726
    • Winter, S.M.1
  • 38
    • 21044456999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social policy in Singapore: a Confucian model
    • (accessed October), The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. WashiNGon, USA
    • Khan H. Social policy in Singapore: a Confucian model. World Bank Report 2001. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. WashiNGon, USA. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37165.pdf (2001, accessed October 2010).
    • (2001) World Bank Report
    • Khan, H.1
  • 39
    • 0036717234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral feeding with comfort and safety
    • Arbogast D. Enteral feeding with comfort and safety. Clin J Onco Nurs 2002; 6(5): 275-80.
    • (2002) Clin J Onco Nurs , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 275-280
    • Arbogast, D.1
  • 40
    • 0006219926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Futility in nonmaleficence
    • In: Beauchamp T and Childress J., New York: Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition
    • Beauchamp T. and Childress J. Futility in nonmaleficence In: Beauchamp T and Childress J. Principles of biomedical ethics, sixth edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, p149-76.
    • (2009) Principles of Biomedical Ethics , pp. 149-176
    • Beauchamp, T.1    Childress, J.2
  • 41
    • 79960703151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstract. End of Life Decisions Conference, Singapore Jan
    • Krishna L. The duty of palliative care {DoPC}. Abstract. End of Life Decisions Conference, Singapore Jan2010.
    • (2010) The duty of palliative care {DoPC}
    • Krishna, L.1
  • 42
    • 79960728539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The position of terminal sedation within the duty of palliative care {DoPC}. Abstract and Poster. Care end of life decisions: ethics in clinical practice, research and policy' XI Annual Swedish Symposium on Biomedicine
    • 8-9 June
    • Krishna L. The position of terminal sedation within the duty of palliative care {DoPC}. Abstract and Poster. Care end of life decisions: ethics in clinical practice, research and policy' XI Annual Swedish Symposium on Biomedicine, Ethics and Society, 8-9 June 2009.
    • (2009) Ethics and Society
    • Krishna, L.1
  • 43
    • 79960718543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global ethics - a Malaysian-Singaporean perspective
    • Krishna L. Global ethics - a Malaysian-Singaporean perspective. EJAIB 2010; 20(5): 140-6.
    • (2010) EJAIB , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 140-146
    • Krishna, L.1
  • 44
    • 33144481499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial nutrition at the bioethic cross-road between treatment and basic health care
    • Contaldo F. and Alfonsi L. Artificial nutrition at the bioethic cross-road between treatment and basic health care. Clinical Nutrition 2006; 25: 171-2.
    • (2006) Clinical Nutrition , vol.25 , pp. 171-172
    • Contaldo, F.1    Alfonsi, L.2
  • 45
    • 0003663231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moral character
    • In: Beauchamp T and Childress J., sixth edition., New York: Oxford University Press
    • Beauchamp T. and Childress J. Moral character. In: Beauchamp T and Childress J. Principles of biomedical ethics, sixth edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, p.30-63.
    • (2009) Principles of Biomedical Ethics , pp. 30-63
    • Beauchamp, T.1    Childress, J.2
  • 46
    • 0142105982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virtues (and vices) of the four principles
    • Campbell AV The virtues (and vices) of the four principles. J Med Ethics 2003; 29: 292-6.
    • (2003) J Med Ethics , vol.29 , pp. 292-296
    • Campbell, A.V.1
  • 48
    • 84937378430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross cultural issues in caregiving for persons with dementia: do familism values reduce burden and distress?
    • Knight BG, Robinson GS,et al.Cross cultural issues in caregiving for persons with dementia: do familism values reduce burden and distress? Aging International 2002; 27(3): 70-94.
    • (2002) Aging International , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 70-94
    • Knight, B.G.1    Robinson, G.S.2
  • 49
    • 79960728879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges of cultural diversity
    • In: Beattie J and Goodlin S (eds)., Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press
    • Goh CR Challenges of cultural diversity. In: Beattie J and Goodlin S (eds). Supportive care in heart failure. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, p.451-61.
    • (2008) Supportive Care in Heart Failure , pp. 451-461
    • Goh, C.R.1
  • 50
    • 79960702174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture, ethnicity and illness
    • In: Walsh TD, Caraceni AT, Fainsinger R, Foley KM, Glare P, Goh C, Lloyd-Williams M, Olarte JN and Radbruch L (eds). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier
    • Goh CR Culture, ethnicity and illness. In: Walsh TD, Caraceni AT, Fainsinger R, Foley KM, Glare P, Goh C, Lloyd-Williams M, Olarte JN and Radbruch L (eds). Palliative Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2008, p. 51-4.
    • (2008) Palliative Medicine , pp. 51-54
    • Goh, C.R.1
  • 51
    • 0034727690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioethics for clinicians: 20. Chinese bioethics
    • Bowman KW and Hui EC Bioethics for clinicians: 20. Chinese bioethics. CMAJ 2000; 163(11): 1481-5.
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.163 , Issue.11 , pp. 1481-1485
    • Bowman, K.W.1    Hui, E.C.2
  • 52
    • 0035131686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How should doctors approach patients? A Confucian Reflection on Personhood
    • Tsai DF How should doctors approach patients? A Confucian reflection on personhood. J Med Ethics 2001; 27(1): 44-50.
    • (2001) J Med Ethics , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-50
    • Tsai, D.F.1
  • 53
    • 3042588358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering surrogate decision making: Aristotelianism and Confucianism on ideal human relations
    • Fan R. Reconsidering surrogate decision making: Aristotelianism and Confucianism on ideal human relations. Philos East West 2002; 52(3): 346-72.
    • (2002) Philos East West , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-372
    • Fan, R.1
  • 54
    • 33747627117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confucian bioethics and cross-cultural considerations in health care decision-making
    • Kim SH Confucian bioethics and cross-cultural considerations in health care decision-making. J Nurs Law 2005; 10(3): 161-6.
    • (2005) J Nurs Law , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 161-166
    • Kim, S.H.1
  • 55
    • 70449347418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of familism in the caregiver role: a pilot study
    • Parveen S. and Morrison V. Predictors of familism in the caregiver role: a pilot study. J Health Psychol 2009; 14(8): 1135-43.
    • (2009) J Health Psychol , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 1135-1143
    • Parveen, S.1    Morrison, V.2
  • 56
    • 34250760295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with depressive distress among Taiwanese family caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life
    • Tang ST, Li CY and Liao YC Factors associated with depressive distress among Taiwanese family caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life. Palliat Med 2007; 21(3): 249-57.
    • (2007) Palliat Med , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-257
    • Tang, S.T.1    Li, C.Y.2    Liao, Y.C.3
  • 57
    • 33747190573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural attitudes and caregiver service use: lessons from focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers
    • Scharlach AE, Kellam R., Ong N., Baskin A., Goldstein C. and Fox PJ Cultural attitudes and caregiver service use: lessons from focus groups with racially and ethnically diverse family caregivers. J Gerontol Soc Work 2006; 47(1-2): 133-56.
    • (2006) J Gerontol Soc Work , vol.47 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 133-156
    • Scharlach, A.E.1    Kellam, R.2    Ong, N.3    Baskin, A.4    Goldstein, C.5    Fox, P.J.6
  • 58
    • 0035915373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negotiating cross-cultural issues at the end of life: 'you got to go where he lives
    • Kagawa-Singer M. and Blackhall LJ Negotiating cross-cultural issues at the end of life: 'you got to go where he lives'. JAMA 2001; 286(23): 2993-3001.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , Issue.23 , pp. 2993-3001
    • Kagawa-Singer, M.1    Blackhall, L.J.2
  • 59
    • 1242320055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitation of life support: frequency and practice in a Hong Kong intensive care unit
    • Buckley TA, Joynt GM, Tan PY,et al.Limitation of life support: frequency and practice in a Hong Kong intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(2): 415-20.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 415-420
    • Buckley, T.A.1    Joynt, G.M.2    Tan, P.Y.3
  • 60
    • 34247352523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The attitudes of Chinese family caregivers of older people with dementia towards life sustaining treatments
    • Kwok T., Twinn S. and Yann E. The attitudes of Chinese family caregivers of older people with dementia towards life sustaining treatments. J Adv Nurs 2007; 58(3): 256-62.
    • (2007) J Adv Nurs , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 256-262
    • Kwok, T.1    Twinn, S.2    Yann, E.3
  • 61
    • 26044439921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups
    • Kwak J. and Haley WE Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups. Gerontologist 2005; 45(5): 634-41.
    • (2005) Gerontologist , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 634-641
    • Kwak, J.1    Haley, W.E.2
  • 62
    • 0028110449 scopus 로고
    • Comfort care for terminally ill patients
    • Mc Cann RM and Hall WJ Comfort care for terminally ill patients. JAMA 1994; 272: 1263-6.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1263-1266
    • Mc Cann, R.M.1    Hall, W.J.2
  • 63
    • 0033643353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End of life issues preferences and choices of a group of elderly Chinese subjects attending a day care center in Singapore
    • Low JA and Ng WC End of life issues preferences and choices of a group of elderly Chinese subjects attending a day care center in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Sing 2000; 29(1): 50-6.
    • (2000) Ann Acad Med Sing , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-56
    • Low, J.A.1    Ng, W.C.2
  • 64
    • 0034080303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial variations in end of life care
    • Hopp F. Racial variations in end of life care. JAGS 2000; 48(6): 1-9.
    • (2000) JAGS , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 1-9
    • Hopp, F.1
  • 65
    • 1242320055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitation of life support: frequency and practice in a Hong Kong intensive care
    • Buckley TA,et al.Limitation of life support: frequency and practice in a Hong Kong intensive care. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 415-19.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 415-419
    • Buckley, T.A.1
  • 66
    • 0041967784 scopus 로고
    • Euthanasia in China
    • Pu SD Euthanasia in China. J Med Philo 1988; 16: 110-13.
    • (1988) J Med Philo , vol.16 , pp. 110-113
    • Pu, S.D.1
  • 67
    • 0026131197 scopus 로고
    • Mortality in flux. Medical Dilemma in the People's Republic of China
    • Qiu RZ Mortality in flux. Medical Dilemma in the People's Republic of China. Kennedy Inst Ethics J 1991; 1: 16-27.
    • (1991) Kennedy Inst Ethics J , vol.1 , pp. 16-27
    • Qiu, R.Z.1
  • 68
    • 78649953570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminal nutrition to cancer patients in Korea
    • Do Yuen Kim, et al.Terminal nutrition to cancer patients in Korea. Cancer Res Treat 2006; 38(4): 214-7.
    • (2006) Cancer Res Treat , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 214-217
    • Do Yuen Kim1
  • 69
    • 25844432869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dilemmas surrounding passive euthanasia - a Malaysian perspective
    • Talib N. Dilemmas surrounding passive euthanasia - a Malaysian perspective. Med Law 2005; 24: 605-13.
    • (2005) Med Law , vol.24 , pp. 605-613
    • Talib, N.1
  • 70
    • 0035346190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The practice of foregoing life support in the critically ill 'old old': a Singapore perspective
    • Leong IYO, et al.The practice of foregoing life support in the critically ill 'old old': a Singapore perspective. Annals Acad Med 2001; 30: 260.
    • (2001) Annals Acad Med , vol.30 , pp. 260
    • Leong, I.Y.O.1
  • 71
    • 29244455288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of preferences for end of life care between terminally ill cancer patients and their family caregivers in Taiwan
    • Tang ST,et al.Concordance of preferences for end of life care between terminally ill cancer patients and their family caregivers in Taiwan. JPSM 2005; 30(5): 510-8.
    • (2005) JPSM , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 510-518
    • Tang, S.T.1
  • 72
    • 0036161033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of tube feeding and TPN in advanced illness
    • Easson AM,et al.The role of tube feeding and TPN in advanced illness. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 194(2): 225-9.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Surg , vol.194 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-229
    • Easson, A.M.1
  • 73
    • 0030756088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death and dying in four Asian American Cultures
    • Nichols R. Death and dying in four Asian American Cultures. Death Studies 1997; 21: 327-59.
    • (1997) Death Studies , vol.21 , pp. 327-359
    • Nichols, R.1
  • 74
    • 0029100935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and attitudes towards patient autonomy
    • Blackhall LJ, et al.Ethnicity and attitudes towards patient autonomy. JAMA 5; 274: 820-5.
    • JAMA , vol.5 , Issue.274 , pp. 820-825
    • Blackhall, L.J.1
  • 75
    • 79960711229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • East Asian attitudes toward death- a search for the ways to help east Asian elderly dying in contemporary America
    • Lee SK East Asian attitudes toward death- a search for the ways to help east Asian elderly dying in contemporary America. Perm J 2009; 13(3): 55-60.
    • (2009) Perm J , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 55-60
    • Lee, S.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.