The South African chemical and biological warfare program: An overview

Nonproliferation Review

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 10-23

  Folb, Peter I ^b,c  

^a Centre for Conflict Resolution   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960621463     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736700008436822     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Jeremy Grest, “The South African Defence Force in Angola,” in Laurie Nathan and Jacklyn Cock, eds., War and Society: The Militarization of South Africa (Cape Town: David Philips, 1989), p. 116.
2. Marlene Burger, daily trial report of The State vs. Wouter Basson, prepared for the Centre For Conflict Resolution (CCR) research project on the South African Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme, November 22, 1999, unpublished (hereinafter cited as “daily trial report”). Note: Weekly reports, containing briefer summaries of some of the daily trial reports, are available on the CCR website.
3. Constand Viljoen, former chief of the South African Defence Force, interview by author, May 18,2000.
4. Mark Swilling and Mark Philips, “State Power in the 1980s: From ‘Total Strategy’ to ‘Counter-Revolutionary Warfare,’” in Nathan and Cock, War and Society: The Militarization of South Africa, p. 135.
5. Mark Swilling and Mark Philips, War and Society: The Militarization of South Africa, p. 136.
6. Ben P. Steyn (Basson’s successor as project officer), “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te George op 7 Jan 1993” (Presentation to the Minister of Defence about the course and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in George on 7 January 1993), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/J1282/5, p. 1.
7. Ben P. Steyn (Basson’s successor as project officer), “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te George op 7 Jan 1993”.
8. Ben P. Steyn (Basson’s successor as project officer), “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te George op 7 Jan 1993”., p. 2
9. Ben P. Steyn, “Voorligting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Pretoria op 10/8/93” (Presentation to the Minister of Defence about the course and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in Pretoria on 10/8/93), p. 2.
10. H. Heitman, South African correspondent for Jane ’s Defence Weekly, telephone conversation with author, July 2000.
11. Wouter B. Basson, “Projek Coast: Vooriigting aan Staatspresident; 26 Maart 1990” (Project Coast: Briefing of the State President, March 26,1990).
12. Wouter Basson, “Projek Coast: Moontlikhede vir privatisering” (Project Coast: Possibilities for privatization), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/ COAST/BFW, November 28,1989, pp. 2-4.
13. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 12,1998.
14. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, June 7, 2000, also available in the weekly summary
15. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 12,1998.
16. André Immelman, “Verkope,” 1989
17. Basson at the time of Basson’s arrest in 1997. Immelman acknowledged writing the list in an affidavit to the TRC in 1998.
18. Immelman, I, “Verkope.”
19. Wouter Basson, “Magtiging vir die afVerkoop van bates: Projek Coast” (Authorization for the sale of assets: Project Coast), SADF document HSF/ UG/302/6/C123, August 19, 1991 (emphasis added).
20. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, May 22, 2000, unpublished.
21. Ben P. Steyn, “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Pretoria op 10/8/93” (Briefing of the Minister of Defence about the chronology and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in Pretoria on 10/8/93), SADF document GG/ UG/302/6/J282/5, August 10,1993.
22. Ben P. Steyn, “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Pretoria op 10/8/93”., p. 4.
23. Basson, B, currently being heard in Die Staat teen Wouter Basson in the Streekhof vir die Streekafdeling van Noord-Transvaal gehou in Pretoria (The State vs. Wouter Basson in the Regional Court for the Regional Division ofNorthem-Transvaal held in Pretoria), case number 14/5594/97, November 7, 1997 (hereinafter, The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court).
24. Ben P. Steyn, “Vooriigting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Pretoria op 10/8/93” (Briefing of the Minister of Defence about the chronology and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in Pretoria on 10/8/93), SADF document GG/ UG/302/6/J282/5, August 10,1993, pp. 4-5.
25. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, November 23,1999, also available in the weekly summary.
26. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, August 7, 2000, also available in the weekly summary.
27. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 12,1998
28. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare.
29. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare.
30. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, November 30,1999, unpublished.
31. The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court, November 7,1997.
32. Verkelinde Verdedigingsbevelraad: Notule van Vergadering gehou om 07h30 op 25 Oktober 1990 te Samik (Reduced Defence Council: Minutes of Meeting held at 07h30 on 25 October 1990 at Samik), SADF documents HS Plan/DP/302/6/COAST and HS PLAN/Dp/302/6/KEYBOARD, October 31,1990.
33. Wouter Basson, “Projek Coast: Voorligting aan Staatspresident” (Project Coast: Briefing of the State President), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/C123/ BK, March 26,1990.
34. Wouter Basson, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, July 31,1998.
35. Adriaan Goosen, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 11, 1998.
36. Geoff Candy, personal communication with Chandre Gould, Johannesburg, May 24, 2000;
37. Schalk Van Resnburg, personal communication with Chandre Gould, Pretoria, June 24,2000.
38. Schalk Van Resnburg in The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court.
39. Dr. Schalk Van Rensburg told the TRC that scientists at Roodelpaat Research Laboratories had been worried about whether they could find other sources of funding for their research work. Transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 9.
40. Dr. André. Immelman, researcher at RRL, to the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare.
41. Schalk Van Rensburg, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 9,1998.
42. Adriaan Goosen, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing into Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 11, 1998.
43. Schalk Van Rensburg, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 9,1998.
44. Schalk Van Rensburg, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological.
45. Marlene Burger, daily trial report, May 29,2000, unpublished.
46. Dr. Gerbus Muller. Pretorius, Onafhanklike Deskundige Opinie (Independent Expert Opinion), March 10
47. Dr. Gerbus Muller The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court, 2000.
48. Schalk Van Rensburg, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 9,1998
49. Akte van Beskuldiging (Indictment/Charges), Vol. 2
50. Akte van Beskuldiging The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court, 1999.
51. Philip Loots, “Verdere Implimentering van Barnacle” (Further Implementation of Barnacle), Voortrekkerhoogte (Pretoria: January 9,1981).
52. Johan Theron in TheStatevs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court, May 3,2000.
53. Akte van Beskuldiging, Vol. 2, in The State vs. Wouter Basson, Pretoria High Court, 1999, p. 8.
54. Akte van Beskuldiging “Kronologiese verloop van gebeure tov Kroatiese Transaksies” (Chronology of incidents with regard to Croatian Transactions), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/J1282, undated, p. 1.
55. Ben P. Steyn, “Voorligting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop enhuidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Pretoria op 10/8/93” (Briefing of the Minister of Defence about the chronology and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in Pretoria on 10/8/93), SADF document GG/ UG/302/6/J282/5, August 10, 1993, p.7.
56. Ben P. Steyn, “Chronology of incidents with regard to Croatian Transactions,” p. 2.
57. Daniel P. Knobel, “Bevestiging Notas: Voorligting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota op 7 Jan 1993” (Confirmation Notes: Briefing of the Minister of Defence about the chronology and current status of Projects Coast and Jota on 7 January 1993), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/J1282/5, January 8, 1993, p. 3.
58. Ben P. Steyn, “Voorligting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Geroge op 7 Jan 1993” (Briefing of the Minister of Defence about the chronology and current status of Projects Coast and Jota in George on 7 Jan 1993), SADF document GG/UG/302/6/J1282/5, January 7, 1993, p. 7.
59. Ben P. Steyn, “Voorligting aan die Minister van Verdediging oor die verloop en huidige status van Projekte Coast en Jota te Geroge op 7 Jan 1993”.
60. Ben P. Steyn “Chronology of incidents with regard to Croatian Transactions.”
61. J.G. De Bruyn, “Sertifiseering tov die vemietiging van Chemiese produkte op 27 Januarie 1993” (Certification with regard to the destruction of Chemical products on 27 January 1993), SADF document AI/UG/302/6/C123-2, March 30, 1993.
62. Wouter Basson, “Verslag: week eindigende 09/05/81,” handwritten notes.
63. Dr. Wouter Basson in die Streekhof vir die Streekafdeling van Noord-Transvaal gehou in Pretoria (Bail application of Dr. Wouter Basson in the Regional court for the Provincial division ofNorthem Transvaal held in Pretoria); 8, November 3,1997, p. 366.
64. R. Louw, “Verslag: Buitelandse Besoek Kmdt R. Louw” (Report: Overseas Visit Commandant R. Louw), SADF document H Leer/D PROJ/UG/ 302/6/A576, August 5, 1988, p. 1.
65. Dr. Wouter Basson in die Streekhof vir die Streekafdeling van Noord-Transvaal gehou in Pretoria.
66. Dr. Wouter Basson in die Streekhof vir die Streekafdeling van Noord-Transvaal gehou in Pretoria 8, November 3,1997, pp. 358-360.
67. Milton Leitenberg, personal communication (telephone discussion), 2000.
68. Daniel P. Knobel, in the transcript of the TRC Hearing on Chemical and Biological Warfare, Cape Town, June 18,1998
69. TRC Final Report, Vol. 2, Chap. 6, “Special Investigation into Project Coast: South Africa’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Program,” October 29, 1998