Surgical treatment of adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries: An overview;tratamento cirúrgico das lesões traumáticas do plexo braquial em adultos: Uma visão geral

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

Volumn 69, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 528-535

  Siqueira, Mario G ^a   Martins, Roberto S ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b HOSPITAL DO SERVIDOR PÚBLICO ESTADUAL DE SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Brachial plexus injury; Nerve repair; Surgical treatment

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; SUTURE MATERIAL;

ABDUCTION; AMPUTATION; ARTERIOGRAPHY; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; AVULSION INJURY; BLOOD CLOT; BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY; CERVICAL SPINE INJURY; CLINICAL EVALUATION; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CONTUSION; DEMYELINATION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE SEVERITY; ELBOW FLEXION; ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EMERGENCY SURGERY; EVOKED SOMATOSENSORY RESPONSE; FALSE ANEURYSM; FOLLOW UP; GUNSHOT INJURY; HAND GRIP; HAND PROSTHESIS; HEMATOMA; HEMIDIAPHRAGM; HORNER SYNDROME; HUMAN; IMAGING; INSTRUMENTATION; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; LACERATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MEDIAN NERVE; MISSILE WOUND; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MYELOGRAPHY; NERVE; NERVE BLOCK; NERVE COMPRESSION; NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE FIBER; NERVE GRAFT; NERVE INJURY; NERVE ROOT INJURY; NERVE TRANSPLANTATION; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NEUROLYSIS; NEUROMUSCULAR SYNAPSE; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTICS; PAIN; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PENETRATING TRAUMA; PHRENIC NERVE; PROGNOSIS; RADIAL NERVE; RANGE OF MOTION; REFLEX; REVIEW; SHOULDER RADIOGRAPHY; SKIN NERVE; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL GANGLION; SPINAL NERVE; SURGEON; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TISSUE INJURY; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULNAR NERVE; VELOCITY;

EID: 79960566407     PISSN: 0004282X     EISSN: 16784227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-282X2011000400023     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Narakas AO. The treatment of brachial plexus injuries. Int Orthop 1985; 9:29-36.
2. Thoburn W. Secondary suture of the brachial plexus. Brit Med J 1900;1: 1073-1075.
3. Kennedy R. Suture of the brachial plexus in birth paralysis of the upper extremities. BMJ 1903;1:298-301.
4. Taylor AF. Results from the surgical treatment of brachial birth palsy. JAMA 1907;48:96-104.
5. Nulsen FE, Slade HW. Recovery following injury to the brachial plexus. In Woodhall B, Beebe G (Eds). Peripheral nerve regeneration: a follow-up study of 3,365 World War II injuries. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1956:389-408.
6. Bonney G. Prognosis in traction lesions of the brachial plexus. J Bone Joint Surg 1959;41:4-35.
7. Millesi H. Résultats tardifs de la greffe nerveuse intrafasciculaire. Chirurgie réparatrice des lésions du plexus brachiale. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1973; 93:511-519.
8. Narakas AO. Surgical treatment of traction injuries of the brachial plexus. Clin Orthop 1978;133:71-90.
9. Kline DG, Nulsen FE. The neuroma incontinuity: its preoperative and operative management. Surg Clin North Am 1972;52:1189-1209.
10. Hudson AR, Tamner B. Brachial plexus injuries. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS (Eds). Neurosurgery. New York: McGraw Hill, 1985:1817-1832.
11. Gilbert A, Tassin JL. Obstetrical palsy: a clinical, pathologic and surgical review. In: Terzis JK (Ed). Microreconstruction of nerve injuries. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1978:529-553.
12. Brunelli G, Monini L. Neurotization of avulsed roots of brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of the cervical plexus. Clin Plast Surg 1984;11: 149-152.
13. Merle D'Aubigne RN, Deburge A. Etiologic evolution et prognostic des paralysies traumatiques du plexus brachial. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1967;53:23-42.
14. Alnot JY, Jolly A, Frot B. Direct treatment of nerve lesions in brachial plexus injuries in adults: a series of 100 operated cases. Int Orthop 1981;5:151-168.
15. Allieu Y. Exploration et traitement direct des lesions nerveuses dans les paralysies traumatiques par elongation du plexus brachial chez l'adulte. Rev Surg Orthop 1975;63:107-122.
16. Samii M, Kahl RI. Clinische resultate der autologen nerven transplantation. Nelssunger Med Mitteil 1972;46:197-202.
17. Leffert RD. Brachial plexus injuries. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1985.
18. Terzis JK, Liberson WT, Maragh HA. Motorcycle brachial plexopathy. In: Terzis JK (Ed). Microrecronstruction of nerve injuries. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987:361-384.
19. Kotani PT, Toshima Y, Matsuda H, Suzuki T, Ishizaki Y. Postoperative results of nerve transposition in brachial plexus injury. Seikei Geka 1971; 22:963-966.
20. Jamieson A, Hugues S. The role of surgery in the management of closed injuries of the brachial plexus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980;147:210-215.
21. Sedel L. Repair of severe traction lesion of the brachial plexus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988;237:62-63.
22. Kim DH, Cho YJ, Tiel RL, Kline DG. Outcomes of surgery in 1019 brachial plexus lesions treated at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. J Neurosurg 2003;98:1005-1016.
23. Samardzic MM, Rasulic LG, Grujicic DM. Gunshot injuries to the brachial plexus. J Trauma 1997;43:645-649.
24. McGillicuddy JE. Surgical anatomy and management of brachial plexus injury. In: Tindall GT, Cooper PR, Barrow DL (Eds). The practice of neurosurgery. Vol 3. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1996:2859-2877.
25. Sunderland S. A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function. Brain 1951;74:491-516.
26. Seddon HJ. A classification of nerve injuries. Br Med J 1942;2:237-239.
27. Sunderland S. Rate of regeneration of I:sensory nerve fibers and II: motor nerve fibers. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1947;58:1-14.
28. Bufalini C, Pescatore G. Posterior cervical electromyography in the diagnosis and prognosis of brachial plexus injuries. J Bone Joint Surg 1969; 51:627-631.
29. Bruxelle J, Travers V, Thiebaut JB. Occurrence and treatment of pain after brachial plexus injury. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1988;237:87-95.
30. Warren J, Gutmann L, Figueroa AS Jr, Bloor BM. Electromyographic changes of brachial plexus root avulsion. J Neurosurg 1969;31:137-140.
31. Landi A, Copeland SA, Wynn Parry CB, Jones SJ. The role of somatosensory evoked potentials and nerve conduction studies in the surgical management of brachial plexus injuries. J Bone Joint Surg 1980;62:492-496.
32. Kline DG, Happel LT. A quarter century's experience with intraoperative nerve action potential recording. Can J Neurol Sci 1993;20:3-10.
33. Carvalho GA, Nikkhah G, Matthies C, Penkert G, Samii M. Diagnosis of root avulsions in traumatic brachial plexus injuries: value of computerized tomography myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg 1997;86:69-76.
34. Walker AT, Chaloupka JC, de Lotbiniere AC, Wolfe SW, Goldman R, Kier EL. Detection of nerve rootlet avulsion on CT myelography in patients with birth palsy and brachial plexus injury after trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:1283-1287.
35. Nakamura T, Yabe Y, Horiuchi Y, Takayama S. Magnetic resonance myelography in brachial plexus injury. J Bone Joint Surg 1997; 79:764-769.
36. Doi K, Otsuka K, Okamoto Y, Fujii H, Hattori Y, Baliarsing AS. Cervical nerve root avulsion in brachial plexus injuries: magnetic resonance imaging classification and comparison with myelography and computerized tomography myelography. J Neurosurg 2002;96:277-284.
37. Terzis JK, Vekris MD, Soucacos PN. Outcomes of brachial plexus reconstruction in 204 patients with devastating paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 104:1221-1240.
38. Nagano A. Treatment of brachial plexus injury. J Orthop Sci 1998;3:71-80.
39. Kline DG, Hudson A, Kim DH. Atlas of peripheral nerve surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001.
40. Kim DH, Murovic JA, Kline DG. Brachial plexus injury: mechanisms, surgical treatment and outcomes. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2004;36:177-185.
41. Songcharoen P, Mahaisavariya B, Chotigavanich C. Spinal accessory neurotization for restoration of elbow flexion in avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus. J Hand Surg 1996;21:387-390.
42. Yeoman P, Seddon HJ. Brachial plexus injuries: treatment of the flail arm. J Bone Joint Surg 1961;43:493-500.
43. Narakas AO. Thoughts on neurotization or nerve transfers in irreparable nerve lesions. Clin Plast Surg 1984;11:153-159.
44. Oberlin C, Beal D, Leechavengvongs S, Salon A, Dauge MC, Sarcy JJ. Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5-C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: Anatomical study and report of four cases. J Hand Surg 1994;19A:232-237.
45. Hou Z, Xu Z. Nerve transfer for treatment of brachial plexus injury: Comparison study between the transfer of partial median and ulnar nerves and that of phrenic and spinal accessory nerves. Chin J Traumatol 2002:263-266.
46. Weber RV, Mackinnon SE. Nerve transfers in the upper extremity. J Am Soc Surg Hand 2004;4:200-213.
47. Leechavengvongs S, Witoonchart K, Uerpairojkit C, Thuvasethakul P. Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps, part 2: a report of 7 cases. J Hand Surg 2003;28:633-638.
48. Gu YD, Ma MK. Use of the phrenic nerve for brachial plexus reconstruction. Clin Orthop 1996;323:119-121.
49. Gu YD. Cervical nerve root transfer from the healthy side in the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion. Natl Med J Chin 1989;69:563-565.
50. Chuang DC. Neurotization procedures for brachial plexus injuries. Hand Clin 1995;11:633-645.
51. Leffert R. Brachial plexus injuries. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1986.
52. Narakas AO. Brachial plexus injuries. In: McCarthy (Ed). Plastic surgery, the hand, Vol.7, Part 1. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990:4776-4815.