The role of micro-organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) in the pathogenesis of breast pain and infection in lactating women: Study protocol

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Volumn 11, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Amir, Lisa H ^a   Cullinane, Meabh ^a   Garland, Suzanne M ^b,c,d   Tabrizi, Sepehr N ^b,c,d   Donath, Susan M ^c,d   Bennett, Catherine M ^e   Cooklin, Amanda R ^f   Fisher, Jane R W ^c,g   Payne, Matthew S ^a,b  

^a LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^d ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^e DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^f Parenting Research Centre   (Australia)

^g MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL TRANSMISSION; BREAST FEEDING; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CLINICAL TRIAL; FEMALE; FUNGUS TRANSMISSION; HUMAN; MASTALGIA; MASTITIS; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; NEWBORN; PATHOGENESIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING; PUERPERIUM; QUESTIONNAIRE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TELECONSULTATION; ADULT; BACTERIAL COUNT; BREAST DISEASE; BREAST MILK; CANADA; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COHORT ANALYSIS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MICROBIOLOGY; NIPPLE; PAIN; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SKIN CANDIDIASIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION;

ADULT; BREAST DISEASES; CANADA; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS, CUTANEOUS; CLINICAL PROTOCOLS; COHORT STUDIES; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MILK, HUMAN; NIPPLES; PAIN; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960564582     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712393     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-11-54     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. National Health and Medical Research Council The Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in Australia incorporating the Infant Feeding Guidelines for Health Workers. 2003, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council.
2. World Health Organization The Optimal Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding; Report of an Expert Consultation. 2001, Geneva: World Health Organization, World Health Organization.
3. Amir LH, Forster DA, Lumley J, McLachlan H. A descriptive study of mastitis in Australian breastfeeding women: incidence and determinants. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:62. 10.1186/1471-2458-7-62, 1868722, 17456243.
4. Kinlay JR, O'Connell DL, Kinlay S. Incidence of mastitis in breastfeeding women during the six months after delivery: a prospective cohort study. Med J Aust 1998, 169(6):310-312.
5. Amir LH, Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J. Incidence of breast abscess in lactating women: report from an Australian cohort. BJOG 2004, 111(12):1378-1381. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00272.x, 15663122.
6. Osterman KL, Rahm VA. Lactation mastitis: bacterial cultivation of breast milk, symptoms, treatment and outcome. J Hum Lact 2000, 16(4):297-302. 10.1177/089033440001600405, 11155607.
7. Delgado S, Arroyo R, Jiménez E, Marín M, del Campo R, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM. Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from breast milk of women suffering infectious mastitis: potential virulence traits and resistance to antibiotics. BMC Microbiol 2009, 8:82. 2685400, 19422689.
8. Delgado S, Arroyo R, Martín R, Rodríguez JM. PCR-DGGE assessment of the bacterial diversity of breast milk in women with lactational infectious mastitis. BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:51. 10.1186/1471-2334-8-51, 2383900, 18423017.
9. Amir LH. Breast pain in lactating women - mastitis or something else?. Aust Fam Physician 2003, 32(3):141-145.
10. Montgomery AM. Breastfeeding and postpartum maternal care. Prim Care 2000, 27(1):237-250.
11. Amir LH, Garland SM, Dennerstein L, Farish SJ. Candida albicans: is it associated with nipple pain in lactating women?. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1996, 41(1):30-34. 10.1159/000292031, 8821881.
12. Brent NB. Thrush in the breastfeeding dyad: results of a survey on diagnosis and treatment. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2001, 40(9):503-506.
13. Hale TW, Bateman TL, Finkelman MA, Berens PD. The absence of Candida albicans in milk samples of women with clinical symptoms of ductal candidiasis. Breastfeed Med 2009, 4(2):57-61. 10.1089/bfm.2008.0144, 19500049.
14. Eglash A, Plane MB, Mundt M. History, physical and laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes of lactating women treated with antibiotics for chronic breast and/or nipple pain. J Hum Lact 2006, 22(4):429-433. 10.1177/0890334406293431, 17062789.
15. Dias AP, Samaranayake LP. Clinical, microbiological and ultrastructural features of angular cheilitis lesions in Southern Chinese. Oral Dis 1995, 1(1):43-48.
16. Ohman SC, Dahlen G, Moller A, Ohman A. Angular cheilitis: a clinical and microbial study. J Oral Pathol 1986, 15(4):213-217. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1986.tb00610.x, 3088236.
17. Brook I. Paronychia: a mixed infection. Microbiology and management. J Hand Surg 1993, 18(3):358-359.
18. Dennerstein G. Nipple thrush (letter). Aust Fam Physician 2003, 32(6):392.
19. Graves S, Wright W, Harman R, Bailey S. Painful nipples in nursing mothers: Fungal or staphylococcal? A preliminary study. Aust Fam Physician 2003, 32(7):570-571.
20. Brown S, Lumley J. Maternal health after childbirth: results of an Australian population based survey. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998, 105(2):156-161. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10045.x, 9501779.
21. Amir LH, Garland SM, Lumley J. A case-control study of mastitis: nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Fam Pract 2006, 7:57. 10.1186/1471-2296-7-57, 1630426, 17032458.
22. Beasley R, . The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC. Lancet 1998, 351(9111):1225-1232. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07302-9, 9643741, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee.
23. McNair D, Lorr M, Droppelman L. Manual for the Profile of Mood States. 1971, San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
24. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. 1995, Sydney: Psychology Foundation, 2.
25. Boyce P, Hickey A, Gilchrist J, Talley N. The development of a brief personality scale to measure vulnerability to postnatal depression. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2001, 3:147-153. 10.1007/s007370170012, 21764610.
26. Clemons SN, Amir LH. Breastfeeding women's experience of expressing: a descriptive study. J Hum Lact 2010, 26(3):258-265. 10.1177/0890334410371209, 20689102.
27. Forster D, McLachlan H, Lumley J, Beanland C, Waldenström U, Harris H, Earl D, Dyson K. Study protocol. ABFAB. Attachment to the breast and family attitudes to breastfeeding. The effect of breastfeeding education in the middle of pregnancy on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN21556494]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2003, 3:5. 10.1186/1471-2393-3-5, 201032, 12946279.
28. Francis-Morrill J, Heinig MJ, Pappagianis D, Dewey KG. Diagnostic value of signs and symptoms of mammary candidosis among lactating women. J Hum Lact 2004, 20(3):288-295. 10.1177/0890334404267226, 15296582.
29. Amir LH, Lumley J, Garland SM. A failed RCT to determine if antibiotics prevent mastitis: Cracked nipples colonized with Staphylococcus aureus: A randomized treatment trial [ISRCTN65289389]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2004, 4:19. 10.1186/1471-2393-4-19, 521079, 15369597.
30. Cuzzell JZ. Wound Care Forum: The new RYB color code. American Journal of Nursing 1988, 88(10):1342-1346.
31. Ware JEJ, Gandek B, . IQOLA Project Group The SF-36 Health Survey: development and use in mental health research and the IQOLA project. Int J Ment Health 1994, 23(2):49-73. IQOLA Project Group.
32. Kendell RE, McGuire RJ, Connor Y, Cox JL. Mood changes in the first three weeks after childbirth. J Affect Disord 1981, 3(4):317-326. 10.1016/0165-0327(81)90001-X, 6459348.
33. McCallum S, Rowe H, Gurrin L, Quinlivan J, Rosenthal D, Fisher J. Unsettled infant behaviour and health service use: a cross-sectional community survey in Melbourne. J Paediatr Child Health 2011,
34. Lactation culture protocol. , http://www.mombaby.org/PDF/culture_protocol.2.0.pdf
35. Vogel RA, Johnson MJ. Pub Hlth Lab 1961, 18:131.
36. Koehler AP, Chu K-C, Houang ETS, Cheng AFB. Simple, reliable, and cost-effective yeast identification scheme for the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:422-426. 84327, 9889232.
37. Morrill JF, Pappagianis D, Heinig MJ, Lonnerdal B, Dewey KG. Detecting Candida albicans in human milk. J Clin Microbiol 2003, 41(1):475-478. 10.1128/JCM.41.1.475-478.2003, 149590, 12517899.
38. Soukka T, Tenovuo J, Lenander-Lumikari M. Fungicidal effect of human lactoferrin against Candida albicans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992, 69(3):223-228.
39. Streiter B. Mammary candidiasis - differential diagnosis, difficulties of laboratory detection and therapeutic options. VELB-ILCA Conference: 2008; Vienna 2008, 178:-179.
40. Viejo-Diaz M, Andres MT, Fierro JF. Different anti-Candida activities of two human lactoferrin-derived peptides, Lfpep and kaliocin-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49(7):2583-2588. 10.1128/AAC.49.7.2583-2588.2005, 1168706, 15980323.
41. Elie CM, Lott TJ, Reiss E, Morrison CJ. Rapid identification of Candida species with species-specific DNA probes. J Clin Microbiol 1998, 36:3260-3265. 105312, 9774576.
42. Panjaitan M, Amir LH, Costa A-M, Rudland E, Tabrizi SN. Polymerase chain reaction in detection of Candida albicans for confirmation of clinical diagnosis of nipple thrush (Letter). Breastfeed Med 2008, 3(3):185-187. 10.1089/bfm.2008.0106, 18778216.
43. Innings A, Ullberg M, Johansson A, Rubin CJ, Noreus N, Isaksson M, Herrmann B. Multiplex real-time PCR targeting the RNase P RNA gene for detection and identification of Candida species in blood. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45(3):874-880. 10.1128/JCM.01556-06, 1829127, 17215340.
44. Costa A-M, Kay I, Palladino S. Rapid detection of mecA and nuc genes in staphylococci by real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2005, 51(1):13-17. 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.08.014, 15629224.
45. Heikens E, Fleer A, Paauw A, Florijn A, Fluit AC. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic methods for species-level identification of clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Clin Microbiol 2005, 43(5):2286-2290. 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2286-2290.2005, 1153770, 15872257.
46. Khosravi A, Behzad F, Sabokbar A, Shokri H, Haddadi S, Masoudi-Nejad A. Molecular typing of Epidermophyton floccosum isolated from patients with dermatophytosis by RAPD-PCR. J Basic Microbiol 2010, 50(Suppl 1):S68-73.