Critical distances: Comparing measures of spatial accessibility in the riverine landscapes of Peruvian Amazonia

Applied Geography

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 501-513

  Salonen, Maria ^a   Toivonen, Tuuli ^a   Cohalan, Jean Michel ^b   Coomes, Oliver T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Accessibility; Amazonia; Distance; Geographic information systems; Livelihoods; River trading

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; GIS; LAND COVER; LAND USE; MEANDER; NUMERICAL MODEL; RIVER; RURAL AREA; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TRAVEL TIME;

AMAZONIA; IQUITOS; LORETO; PERU;

EID: 79960559416     PISSN: 01436228     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.06.017     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Aguiar A.P.D., Câmara G., Escada M.I.S. Spatial statistical analysis of land-use determinants in the Brazilian Amazonia: exploring intra-regional heterogeneity. Ecological Modelling 2007, 209(2-4):169-188.
2. Alvarez N.L. Linking national agrarian policy to deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon: a case study of Tambopata, 1986-1997. Ambio 2003, 32(4):269-274.
3. Anand A., Tiwari G. A gendered perspective of the shelter-transport-livelihood link: the case of poor women in Delhi. Transport Reviews 2006, 26(1):63-80.
4. Apparicio P., Abdelmajid M., Riva M., Shearmur R. Comparing alternative approaches to measuring the geographical accessibility of urban health services: distance types and aggregation-error issues. International Journal of Health Geographics 2008, 7(7). 10.1186/1476-072X-7-7.
5. Barreto P., Souza C., Nogureón R., Anderson A., Salomão R., Wiles J. Human pressure on the Brazilian Amazon forests 2006, IMAZON and the World Resources Institute, Belém, Brazil.
6. Bauch S.C., Amacher G.S., Merry F.D. Cost of harvesting, transportation and milling in the Brazilian Amazon: estimation and policy implications. Forest Policy and Economics 2007, 9:903-915.
7. van Bemmelen J., Quak W., van Hekken M., van Oosderom P. Vector vs. raster-based algorithms for cross-country movement planning. Proceedings Auto-Carto 1993, 11:304-317.
8. Biodamaz (2004a). Marco teórico y metodológico para identificar unidades ambientales en la selva baja peruana. Documento Técnico N° 5. Serie IIAP-BIODAMAZ. Iquitos, Peru.
9. Biodamaz (2004b). Macrounidades ambientales en la Amazonía peruana con la énfasis en la selva baja: primera aproximación a manera de hipótesis de trabajo. Documento Técnico N° 13. Serie IIAP-BIODAMAZ. Iquitos, Peru.
10. Castella J.M., Pham H.M., Suan P.K., Villano L., Tronche N.R. Analysis of village accessibility and its impact on land use dynamics in a mountainous province of northern Vietnam. Applied Geography 2005, 25(4):308-326.
11. Chibnik M. Risky rivers: The economics and politics of floodplain farming in Amazonia 1994, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
12. Chomitz K., Thomas T. Determinants of land use in Amazonia: a fine-scale spatial analysis. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2003, 85(4):1016-1028.
13. Coomes, O. T. (1992). Making a living in the Amazon rain forest: Peasants, land, and economy in the Tahuayo River basin of northeastern Peru. Ph.D. thesis. Department of Geography, Wisconsin, Madison. Unpublished.
14. Coomes O.T. Rain forest 'conservation-through-use'? Chambira palm fibre extraction and handicraft production in a land-constrained community, Peruvian Amazon. Biodiversity and Conservation 2004, 13(2):351-360.
15. Coomes O.T., Barham B.L. Rain forest extraction and conservation in Amazonia. The Geographical Journal 1997, 163(2):180-188.
16. Coomes O.T., Abizaid C., Lapointe M. Human modification of a large meandering Amazonian river: genesis, ecological and economic consequences of the Masisea cutoff on the central Ucayali, Peru. Ambio 2009, 38(3):130-134.
17. Eden M.J. Ecology and land management in Amazonia 1990, Belhaven Press, London.
18. Fafchamps M., Shilpi F. The spatial division of labour in Nepal. Journal of Development Studies 2003, 39(6):23-66.
19. Fearnside P.M., Laurance W.F. Tropical deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Ecological Applications 2004, 14(4):982-986.
20. Fenley C.A., Machado W.V., Fernandes E. Air transport and sustainability: lessons from Amazonas. Applied Geography 2007, 27(2):63-77.
21. Finer M., Jenkins C.N., Pimm S.L., Keane B., Ross C. Oil and gas projects in the Western Amazon: threats to wilderness, biodiversity, and indigenous peoples. PLos ONE 2008, 3(8):e2932. 10.1371/jounal.pone.0002932.
22. Gartell A.C. Distance and space: A geographical perspective 1983, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
23. GOREL (2006a). Mapa de la hidrografía principal y secundaria, departamento de Loreto. Last Accessed 14.06.11. http://www.regionloreto.gob.pe/OATSIG/5.pdf.
24. GOREL (2006b). Mapa de infraestructura vial del departamento de Loreto. Last Accessed 14.06.11. http://www.regionloreto.gob.pe/OATSIG/8.pdf.
25. GOREL (2006c). Mapa político del departamento de Loreto. Last Accessed 14.06.11. http://www.regionloreto.gob.pe/OATSIG/11.pdf.
26. Grimes A., Loomis S., Jahnige P., Burnham M., Onthank K., Alarcón R., et al. Valuing the rain forest: the economic value of nontimber forest products in Ecuador. Ambio 1994, 23(7):405-410.
27. Guimarães A.L., Uhl C. Rural transport in eastern Amazonia: limitations, options, and opportunities. Journal of Rural Studies 1997, 13(4):429-440.
28. Handy S.L., Niemeier D.A. Measuring accessibility: an exploration of issues and alternatives. Environment and Planning A 1997, 19(7):1175-1194.
29. Hansen C.F. How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Planning Association 1959, 25(2):73-76.
30. Hare T.S., Barcus H.R. Geographical accessibility and Kentucky's heart-related hospital services. Applied Geography 2007, 27(3-4):181-205.
31. IIRSA (2010). Last Accessed 01.11.10. http://www.iirsa.org/ProyectosPais.asp%3fCodIdioma%3dESP%26Pais%3d9.
32. Imbernon J. A comparison of the driving forces behind deforestation in the Peruvian and the Brazilian Amazon. Ambio 1999, 28(6):509-513.
33. Peru: population growth and distribution, 2007 2008, INEI, Instituto Nacional de Estadistíca e Informática, Lima, Peru, p. 46 (in Spanish).
34. Ingram D.R. The concept of accessibility: a search for an operational form. Regional Studies 1971, 5(2):101-107.
35. Jasinski E., Morton D., DeFries R., Shimabukuro Y., Anderson L., Hansen M. Physical landscape correlates of the expansion of mechanized agriculture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Earth Interactions 2005, 9(16):1-18.
36. Josse C., Navarro G., Encarnación F., Tovar A., Comer P., Ferreira W., et al. Ecological systems of the Amazon Basin of Peru and Bolivia. Classification and mapping 2007, NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
37. Junk W.J., Furch K. A general review of tropical South American floodplains. Wetlands Ecology and Management 1993, 2(4):231-238.
38. Kalliola R., Salo J., Puhakka M., Rajasilta M., Häme T., Neller R.J., et al. Upper Amazon channel migration. Die Naturwissenschaften 1992, 79(2):75-79.
39. Kilbane Gockel C., Gray L.C. Integrating conservation and development in the Peruvian Amazon. Ecology and Society 2009, 14(2):11. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art11/.
40. Killeen T.J. A perfect storm in the Amazon wilderness: development and conservation in the context of the initiative for the integration of the regional infrastructure of South America (IIRSA). Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science 2007, 7:4-99.
41. Kvist L.P., Nebel G. A review of Peruvian flood plain forests: ecosystems, inhabitants and resource use. Forest Ecology and Management 2001, 150(1-2):3-26.
42. Kvist L.P., Gram S., Cacares C.A., Ore B.I. Socio-economy of flood plain households in the Peruvian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 2001, 150(1-2):175-186.
43. Laurance W.F., Albernaz A.K.M., Schroth G., Fearnside P.M., Bergen S., Venticinque E.M., Da Costa C. Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Biogeography 2002, 29(5):737-748.
44. Leinbach T.R. Mobility in development context: changing perspectives, new interpretations, and the real issues. Journal of Transport Geography 2000, 8(1):1-9.
45. Maeda E.E., Clark B.J.F., Pellikka P., Siljander M. Modelling agricultural expansion in Kenya's Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot. Agricultural Systems 2010, 103(9):609-620.
46. Mäki S., Kalliola R., Vuorinen K. Road construction in the Peruvian Amazon: process, causes and consequences. Environmental Conservation 2001, 28(3):199-214.
47. Mann M.L., Kaufman R.K., Bauer D., Gopal S., Vera-Dias M., Nepstad D., et al. The economics of cropland conversion in Amazonia: the importance of agricultural rent. Ecological Economics 2010, 69(7):1503-1509.
48. Manzi M., Coomes O.T. Managing Amazonian palms for sustainable use: a case of Moriche palm (Mauritia flexuosa) in Peru. Forest Ecology and Management 2009, 257(2):510-517.
49. Marengo J.A., Nobre C.A., Tomasella J., Oyama M.D., De Oliveira G.S., et al. The drought in Amazonia in 2005. Journal of Climate 2008, 21(3):495-516.
50. Merry F., Amacher G., Lima E. Land values in frontier settlements of the Brazilian Amazon. World Development 2008, 36(11):2390-2401.
51. Mertens B., Lambin E.F. Land-cover-change trajectories in Southern Cameroon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2000, 90(3):467-494.
52. Mertens B., Poccard-Chapuis R., Piketty M.-G., Lacques A.-E., Venturieri A. Crossing spatial analyses and livestock economics to understand deforestation processes in the Brazilian Amazon: the case of São Félix do Xingú in South Pará. Agricultural Economics 2002, 27(3):269-294.
53. Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones (2010). Proyectos por departamentos. Informe - Departamento de Loreto. Last Accessed 05.10.10. http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/logypro/informes/Informes%2520abril2010/AM%2520Loreto%2520v28Abril2010.pdf.
54. Müller D., Mburu J. Forecasting hotspots of forest clearing in Kakamega Forest, Western Kenya. Forest Ecology and Management 2009, 257(3):968-977.
55. Nagendra H., Southworth J., Tucker C. Accessibility as a determinant of landscape transformation in western Honduras: linking pattern and process. Landscape Ecology 2003, 18(2):141-158.
56. Nelson A. Travel time to major cities: A global map of accessibility 2008, Global Environment Monitoring Unit - Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Ispra Italy, Last Accessed 24.01.11. http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/gam/index.htm.
57. Nepal R., Thapa G.B. Determinants of agricultural commercialization and mechanization in the hinterland of Nepal. Applied Geography 2009, 29(3):377-389.
58. Nepstad D., Carvalho G., Barros A.A., Alencar A., Capobianco J.P., Bishop J., et al. Road paving, fire regime feedbacks, and the future of Amazon forests. Forest Ecology and Management 2001, 154(3):395-407.
59. Oliveira P.J.C., Asner G.P., Knapp D.E., Almeyda A., Galvan-Gildemeister R., Keene S., et al. Land-use allocation protects the Peruvian Amazon. Science 2007, 317(5842):1233-1236.
60. Olsson G. Distance and human interaction. A review and bibliography 1965, Regional Science Research institute, Philadelphia.
61. Olsson J. Improved road accessibility and indirect development effects: evidence from rural Philippines. Journal of Transport Geography 2009, 17(6):476-483.
62. Padoch C. Risky business. Natural History 1987, 96(10):56-65.
63. Padoch C. Aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) in the economy of Iquitos, Peru. Advances in Economic Botany 1988, 6:214-224.
64. Padoch C., Chota Inuma J., De Jong W., Unruii J. Amazonian agroforestry: a market-oriented system in Peru. Agroforestry Systems 1985, 3:47-58.
65. Padoch C., De Jong W. Santa Rosa: the impact of the forest products trade on an Amazonian place and population. Advances in Economic Botany 1990, 8:151-158.
66. Parry L., Peres C.A., Day B., Amaral S. Rural-urban migration brings conservation threats and opportunities to Amazonian watersheds. Conservation Letters 2010, 3(4):251-259.
67. Peres C.A., Lake I.R. Extent of non-timber resource extraction in tropical forests: accessibility to game vertebrates by hunters in the Amazon basin. Conservation Biology 2003, 17(2):521-535.
68. Peres C.A., Terborgh J.W. Amazonian nature reserves: an analysis of the defensibility status of existing conservation units and design criteria for the future. Conservation Biology 1995, 9(1):34-46.
69. Phibbs C.S., Luft H.S. Correlation of travel time on roads versus straight line distance. Medical Care Research and Review 1995, 52(4):532-542.
70. Pooler J. Measuring geographical accessibility: a review of current approaches and problems in the use of population potentials. Geoforum 1987, 18(3):269-289.
71. Porter G. Living in a walking world: rural mobility and social equity issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development 2002, 30(2):285-300.
72. Puhakka M., Kalliola R., Rajasilta M., Salo J. River types, site evolution and successional vegetation patterns in Peruvian Amazonia. Journal of Biogeography 1992, 19(6):651-665.
73. Pyhälä A., Brown K., Adger W. Implications of livelihood dependence on non-timber products in Peruvian Amazonia. Ecosystems 2006, 9(8):1328-1341.
74. Rosenqvist A., Shimada M., Chapman B., Freeman A., Grandi G.D., Saatchi S., et al. The global rain forest mapping project - a review. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2000, 21(6):1375-1387.
75. Ryder R., Brown L.A. Urban-system evolution on the frontier of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Geographical Review 2000, 90(4):511-553.
76. Salo M., Toivonen T. Tropical timber rush in Peruvian Amazonia: spatial allocation of forest concessions in an uninventoried frontier. Environmental Management 2009, 44(4):609-623.
77. Salo M., Helle S., Toivonen T. Allocating logging rights in Peruvian Amazonia - does it matter to be local?. PLoS ONE 2011, 6(5):e19704. 10.1371/journal.pone.0019704.
78. Shadid R., Bertazzon S., Knudtson M.L., Ghali W.A. Comparison of distance measures in spatial analytical modeling for health service planning. BMC Health Services Research 2009, 9(200). 10.1186/1472-6963-9-200.
79. Shanley P., Luz L., Swingland I.R. The faint promise of a distant market: a survey of Belém's trade in non-timber forest products. Biodiversity and Conservation 2002, 11(4):615-636.
80. Sioli H. The Amazon: Limnology and landscape ecology of a mighty tropical river and its basin 1984, Junk, Dordrecht.
81. Soler L.D., Escada M.I.S., Verburg P.H. Quantifying deforestation and secondary forest determinants for different spatial extents in an Amazonian colonization frontier (Rondonia). Applied Geography 2009, 29(2):182-193.
82. Southworth J., Tucker C. The influence of accessibility, local institutions, and socioeconomic factors on forest cover change in the mountains of Western Honduras. Mountain Research and Development 2001, 21(3):276-283.
83. Stagegaard J., Sørensen M., Kvist L.P. Estimations of the importance of plant resources extracted by inhabitants of the Peruvian Amazon flood plains. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2002, 5(2):103-122.
84. Takasaki Y., Barham B., Coomes O.T. Amazonian peasants, rain forest use, and income generation: the role of wealth and geographical factors. Society and Natural Resources 2001, 14:291-308.
85. von Thünen, J. H. (1827)/Hall, P. (1966). Der isolierte Staat by Johann Heinrich Thünen: an English edition/translated by Watenberg, C. M. with an Introduction by Hall, P. London.
86. Toivonen J.M., Kessler M., Ruokolainen K., Hertel D. Accessibility predicts structural variation of Andean Polylepis forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 2011, 20(8):1789-1802.
87. Toivonen T., Kalliola R., Driesprong A. Western Amazonian GIS creation process of Landsat TM image mosaic and Internet map service. UTU-LCC Publications 2002, 4. Last Accessed 12.05.11. http://vanha.sci.utu.fi/kartografia/compcart/Publications/Vol_4.pdf.
88. Toivonen T., Mäki S., Kalliola R. The riverscape of Western Amazonia - a quantitative approach to the fluvial biogeography of the region. Journal of Biogeography 2007, 34(8):1374-1387.
89. Tomlin D. Propagating radial waves of travel cost in a grid. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 2010, 24(9):1391-1413.
90. Vasconcellos E.A. Rural transport and access to education in developing countries: policy issues. Journal of Transport Geography 1997, 5(2):127-136.
91. Vasquez R., Gentry A.H. Use and misuse of forest-harvested fruits in the Iquitos area. Conservation Biology 1989, 3(4):350-361.
92. Verburg P.H., Overmars K.P., Witte N. Accessibility and land-use patterns at the forest fringe in the northeastern part of the Philippines. Geographical Journal 2004, 170(3):238-255.
93. Veríssimo A., Souza C., Amaral P. Identificação de âreas com Potencial para a Criação de Florestas Nacionais na Amazônia Legal 2000, MMA, Brasília, Last Accessed 21.09.10. http://www.imazon.org.br/upload/im_livros_010.zip.
94. Vormisto J. Making and marketing chambira hammocks and bags in the village of Brillo Nuevo, northeastern Peru. Economic Botany 2002, 56(1):27-40.
95. Vuori, M. (2009). Accessibility as a determinant of opportunities: A case study from Peruvian Amazonia. M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Geography, University of Helsinki. Unpublished.
96. Walker R. The scale of forest transition: Amazonia and the Atlantic forests of Brazil. Applied Geography 2012, 32(1):12-20.
97. Wickramasinghe A. Anthropogenic factors and forest management in Sri Lanka. Applied Geography 1997, 17(2):87-110.
98. Zeilhofer P., Moura Schwenk L., Onga N. A GIS-approach for determining permanent riparian protection areas in Mato Grosso, central Brazil. Applied Geography 2011, 31(3):990-997.