Irony and language expectancy theory: Evaluations of expectancy violation outcomes

Communication Studies

Volumn 61, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 356-372

  Averbeck, Joshua M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Indirect language; Irony; Message production; Persuasion

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960521552     PISSN: 10510974     EISSN: 17451035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10510971003776147     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Afifi, W. A., & Metts, S. (1998). Characteristics and consequences of expectancy violations in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 365-392.
2. Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 27-58.
3. Anolli, L., Ciceri, R., & Infantino, M. G. (2002). From "blame by praise" to "praise by blame": Analysis of vocal patterns in ironic communication. International Journal of Psychology, 37, 266-276.
4. Averbeck, J. M. (2007, November). Gauging the acceptability of an argument: An examination of effectiveness and appropriateness through irony, humor, and verbal aggressiveness. Interpersonal Division. Paper presented to the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
5. Averbeck, J. M., & Hample, D. (2008). Ironic message production: How and why we produce ironic messages. Communication Monographs, 75, 396-410.
6. Beatty, M. J., Valencic, K. M., Rudd, J. E., & Dobos, J. A. (1999). A "dark side" of communication avoidance: Indirect interpersonal aggressiveness. Communication Research Reports, 16, 103-109.
7. Brooks, R. D. (1970). The generalizability of early reversals of attitudes toward communication sources. Speech Monographs, 37, 152-155.
8. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
9. Bryant, G. A., & Fox Tree, J. E. (2005). Is there an ironic tone of voice? Language and Speech, 48, 257-277.
10. Burgoon, J. K., Jensen, M. L., Kruse, J., Meservy, T. O., & Nunamaker, J. (2007). Deception and intention detection. In H. Chen, T. S. Raghu, R. Ramesh, A. Vinze, & D. Zeng (Eds.), Handbooks in information systems (Vol. 2, pp. 193-214). Amsterdam: Elsevier B. V.
11. Burgoon, M. (1995). Language expectancy theory: Elaboration, explication, and extension. In C. R. Berger & M. Burgoon (Eds.), Communication and social influence processes (pp. 29-52). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
12. Burgoon, M., Cohen, M., Miller, M. D., & Montgomery, C. L. (1978). An empirical test of a model of resistance to persuasion. Human Communication Research, 5, 27-39.
13. Burgoon, M., Denning, P. V., & Roberts, L. (2002). Language expectancy theory. In J. P. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 117-137). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14. Burgoon, M., & Miller, G. R. (1971). Prior attitude and language intensity as predictors of message style and attitude change following counterattitudinal advocacy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 246-253.
15. Burgoon, M., & Miller, G. R. (1985). An expectancy interpretation of language and persuasion. In H. Giles & R. N. St. Clair (Eds.), Recent advances in language communication and social psychology (pp. 199-229). London: Erlbaum.
16. Clark, H. H., & Gerrig, R. J. (2007). On the pretense theory of irony. In R. W. Gibbs & H. L. Colston (Eds.), Irony and language and thought: A cognitive science reader (pp. 25-34). New York: Erlbaum.
17. Corcoran, K., & Fischer, J. (1987). Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook. New York: The Free Press.
18. Dews, S., Kaplan, J., & Winner, E. (1995). Why not say it directly?: The social functions of irony. Discourse Processes, 19, 347-367.
19. Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1995). Muting the meaning: A social function of irony. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10, 3-19.
20. Dillard, J. P., Kinney, T. A., & Cruz, M. G. (1996). Influence, appraisals, and emotions in close relationships. Communication Monographs, 63, 105-130.
21. Floyd, K. (1997). Communication affecting in dyadic relationships: An assessment of behavior and expectancies. Communication Quarterly, 45, 68-80.
22. Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (2000). Irony in talk among friends., 15, 5-27.
23. Giora, R. (1997). Understanding figurative and literal language: The graded salience hypothesis. Cognitive Linguistics, 8, 183-206.
24. Giora, R., Fein, O., Ganzi, J., Levi, N. A., & Sadah, H. (2005). On negation as mitigation: The case of negative irony. Discourse Processes, 39, 81-100.
25. Giora, R., Fein, O., & Schwartz, T. (1998). Irony: Graded salience and indirect negation., 13, 83-101.
26. Glucksberg, S. (1995). Commentary on nonliteral language: Processing and use. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10, 47-57.
27. Grice, P. H. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Speech acts, Vol. III of syntax and semantics (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
28. Hamilton, M. A., Hunter, J. E., & Burgoon, M. (1990). An empirical test of an axiomatic model of the relationship between language intensity and persuasion. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 9, 235-255.
29. Hancock, J. T. (2004). Verbal irony use in face-to-face and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 23, 447-463.
30. Ivanko, S. L., Pexman, P. M., & Olineck, K. M. (2004). How sarcastic are you?: Individual differences and verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 23, 244-271.
31. Katz, A. N., & Lee, C. J. (1993). The role of authorial intent in determining verbal irony and metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 8, 257-279.
32. Kaufer, D. S., & Neuwirth, C. M. (1982). Foregrounding norms and ironic communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 68, 28-36.
33. Kellermann, K. (1992). Communication: Inherently strategic and primarily automatic. Communication Monographs, 59, 288-300.
34. Kelley, D. L. (1999). Relational expectancy fulfillment as an explanatory variable for distinguishing couple types. Human Communication Research, 25, 420-442.
35. Kreuz, R. J., & Link, K. E. (2002). Asymmetries in the use of verbal irony. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 21, 127-143.
36. Miller, R. S., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1982). The assessment of social intimacy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 514-518.
37. Rucker, D. D., & Petty, R. E. (2004). When resistance is futile: Consequences of failed counterarguing for attitude certainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 219-235.
38. Schwoebel, J., Dews, S., Winner, E., & Srinivas, K. (2007). Obligatory processing of the literal meaning of ironic utterances: Further evidence. In R. W. Gibbs & H. L. Colston (Eds.), Irony and language and thought: A cognitive science reader (pp. 253-267). New York: Erlbaum.
39. Shavitt, S., & Nelson, M. R. (2002). The role of attitude functions in persuasion and social judgment. In J. P. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.), Persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 137-154). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40. Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modification and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325-343.
41. Smith, S. W., Atkin, C. K., Martell, D., Allen, R., & Hembroff, L. (2006). A social judgment theory approach to conducting formative research in a social norms campaign. Communication Theory, 16, 141-152.
42. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1981). Irony and the use-mention distinction. In P. Cole (Ed.), Radical pragmatics (pp. 295-317). New York: Academic Press.
43. Waldron, V. R. (1990). Constrained rationality: Situational influences on information acquisition plans and tactics. Communication Monographs, 57, 184-201.
44. Wong, N. (2005, May). Coping with the unexpected: Perceptions of responses to a relational expectancy violation as a function of intimacy and commitment. Paper presented at the annual convention of the International Communication Association, New York, NY.
45. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 341-352.