Proceedings From the Ice Hockey Summit on Concussion: A Call to Action

PM and R

Volumn 3, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 605-612

  Smith, Aynsley M ^a   Stuart, Michael J ^a   Greenwald, Richard M ^b   Benson, Brian W ^c   Dodick, David W ^d   Emery, Carolyn ^c   Finnoff, Jonathan T ^a   Mihalik, Jason P ^e   Roberts, William O ^f   Sullivan, Carol Anne ^g   Meeuwisse, Willem H ^c  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b Simbex LCC ^*  (Lebanon)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^d MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^e The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^g Fondation ontarienne de neurotraumatologie   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONCUSSION; CONTINUING EDUCATION; DATA BASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FIGHTING; FOOTBALL; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH EDUCATION; HELMET; HUMAN; ICE HOCKEY; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MEDICAL PERSONNEL; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SPORT INJURY; SPORTS ORGANIZATION;

BRAIN CONCUSSION; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HOCKEY; HUMANS; SAFETY;

EID: 79960446342     PISSN: 19341482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.05.013     Document Type: Article

References (137)

1. Visek A., Watson J. Ice hockey players' legitimacy of aggression and professionalization of attitudes. Sport Psychologist 2005, 19:178-192.
2. Gee C.J., Leith L.M. Aggressive behavior in professional ice hockey: a cross-cultural comparison of North American and European born NHL players. Psychol Sport Exerc 2007, 8:567-583.
3. Collins C.L., Fields S.K., Comstock R.D. When the rules of the game are broken: what proportion of high school sports-related injuries are related to illegal activity?. Inj Prev 2008, 14:34-38.
4. Goodman D., Williamson I.W. Concussion in youth hockey: risk factors and management across observation strategies. Safety in Ice Hockey 2009, 5:211-230.
5. Aubry M., Cantu R., Dvorak J., et al. Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries. Br J Sports Med 2002, 36:6-10.
6. McCrory P., Johnston K., Meeuwisse W., et al. Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Prague 2004. Br J Sports Med 2005, 39:196-204.
7. McCrory P., Meeuwisse W., Johnston K., et al. Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport-the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008. J Sci Med Sport 2009, 12:340-351.
8. Safety in Ice Hockey 2009, Journal of ASTM International (JAI), West Conshohocken, PA. 1516 ed. A. Ashare, R. Greenwald (Eds.).
9. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, Journal of ASTM International (JAI), West Conshohocken, PA. 1341 ed. A.B. Ashare (Ed.).
10. Safety in Ice Hockey 1993, Journal of ASTM International (JAI), Philadelphia, PA. 1212 ed. C.R. Castaldi, P.J. Bishop, E.F. Hoerner (Eds.).
11. Safety in Ice Hockey 1989, Journal of ASTM International (JAI), Philadelphia, PA. 1050 ed. C.R. Castaldi, E.F. Hoerner (Eds.).
12. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, Journal of ASTM International (JAI), West Conshohocken, PA. 1446 ed. D.J. Pearsall, A.B. Ashare (Eds.).
13. Smith A.M., Stuart M.J., Dodick D., et al. Zero tolerance for concussions and other neurotrauma in ice hockey: rationale for collaborative action. Pre-reading, Ice Hockey Summit: Action on Concussion, Mayo Clinic, October 2010 2010, 1-24. Accessed June 27, 2011. http://www.mayo.edu/cme/files/dmfile/Rationale_Collaborative_Action_8_24_10.pdf.
14. Bernard D., Trudel P. The values of coaches and players about rule infractions, violence and ethics. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):152-163.
15. The Code: The Unwritten Rules of Fighting and Retaliation in the NHL 2006, Triumph Books, Chicago. R. Bernstein (Ed.).
16. Bloom G., Vanier J. Coaches' perceptions of aggression in elite women's ice hockey. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):12-23.
17. Brunelle J.P., Goulet C., Arguin H. Promoting respect for the rules and injury prevention in ice hockey: evaluation of the fair-play program. J Sci Med Sport 2005, 8:294-304.
18. Crawford B., Stuart M.J., Smith A.M., et al. Intimidation in ice hockey: an expoloratory assesment. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):26-37.
19. Link A. Dangers of helmet (locker) boxing. HEP Newsletter 2007 (November) Accessed June 27, 2011. http://assets.ngin.com/attachments/document/0005/2733/November_2007.pdf.
20. Link A., Stuart M., Finnoff J., et al. Talk to players about "locker boxing.". RYHA Newsletter 2008, (January, vol 1).
21. Marcotte G., Simard D. Fair play: an approach to hockey for the 1990s. Safety in Ice Hockey 1993, 2(STP 1212):100-108.
22. Smith M.D. The legitimization of violence: hockey player's perceptions of their reference groups' sanctions for assault. Can Rev Sociol Anthropol 1975, 12:72-80.
23. Dorsch K., Paskevich D. Stressful experiences among six ceritfication levels of ice hockey officials. Psychol Sport Exerc 2007, 8:585-593.
24. Fraser K. The Final Call 2010, Key Porter Books, Bolton, Ontario, Canada.
25. Gilbert W., Trudel P. A profile of rule infractions in Bantam level ice hockey. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):291-301.
26. Mihalik J.P., Greenwald R.M., Blackburn J.T., et al. Effect of infraction type on head impact severity in youth ice hockey. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010, 42:1431-1438.
27. Between the Lines: Not-So-Tall Tales From Ray "Scampy" Scapinello's Four Decades in the NHL Mississauga 2006, Wiley & Sons Canada, Ontario, Canada. R. Scapinello, R. Simpson (Eds.).
28. Asplund C., Bettcher S., Borchers J. Facial protection and head injuries in ice hockey: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43:993-999.
29. Benson B.W., Rose M.S., Meeuwisse W.H. The impact of face shield use on concussions in ice hockey: a multivariate analysis. Br J Sports Med 2002, 36:27-32.
30. Bishop P.J. Preliminary evaluation of selected hockey equipment tested according to EN TS15256: protective clothing-hand, arm, leg, genital, and neck protectors for use in ice hockey-protectors for players other than goalkeepers-requirements and test methods. Safety in Ice Hockey 2008, 5(STP 1516):171-185.
31. Halstead P.D., Alexander C.F., Cook E.M., et al. Hockey headgear and the adequacy of current designs and standards. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):93-100.
32. LaPrade R., Broxterman J. The single strap helmet fixation system in intercollegiate ice hockey: a source of variable face protection. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):124-129.
33. Mihalik J.P., McCaffrey M.A., Rivera E.M., et al. Effectiveness of mouthguards in reducing neurocognitive deficits following sports-related cerebral concussion. Dent Traumatol 2007, 23:14-20.
34. Watson R.C., Nystrom M.A., Buckolz E. Safety in Canadian junior ice hockey: the association between ice surface size and injuries and aggressive penalties in the Ontario Hockey League. Clin J Sport Med 1997, 7:192-195.
35. Wennberg R. Collision frequency in elite hockey on North American versus international size rinks. Can J Neurol Sci 2004, 31:373-377.
36. Echemendia R.J., Herring S., Bailes J. Who should conduct and interpret the neuropsychological assessment in sports-related concussion?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i32-i35.
37. Sye G., Sullivan S.J., McCrory P. High school rugby players' understanding of concussion and return to play guidelines. Br J Sports Med 2006, 40:1003-1005.
38. Benson B.W., Hamilton G.M., Meeuwisse W.H., et al. Is protective equipment useful in preventing concussion?. A systematic review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i56-i67.
39. Dick R.W. Is there a gender difference in concussion incidence and outcomes?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i46-i50.
40. SCAT2, Sport Concussion Assesment Tool 2. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43:i85-i88.
41. Schneider K.J., Emery C.A., Kang J., et al. Examining Sport Concussion Assessment Tool ratings for male and female youth hockey players with and without a history of concussion. Br J Sports Med 2010, 44:1112-1117.
42. Tierney R.T., Sitler M.R., Swanik C.B., et al. Gender differences in head-neck segment dynamic stabilization during head acceleration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005, 37:272-279.
43. Echlin P.S. Concussion education, identification,and treatment within a prospective study of physician-observed junior ice hockey concussions: social context of this scientific intervention. Neurosurg Focus 2010, 29:E7.
44. Echlin P.S., Johnson A.M., Riverin S., et al. A prospective study of concussion education in 2 junior ice hockey teams: implications for sports concussion education. Neurosurg Focus 2010, 29:E6.
45. Echlin P.S., Tator C.H., Cusimano M.D., et al. Return to play after an initial or recurrent concussion in a prospective study of physician-observed junior ice hockey concussions: implications for return to play after a concussion. Neurosurg Focus 2010, 29:E5.
46. Echlin P.S., Tator C.H., Cusimano M.D., et al. A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior ice hockey: implications for incidence rates. Neurosurg Focus 2010, 29:E4.
47. Matheson G.O., Mohtadi N.G., Safran M., et al. Sport injury prevention: time for an intervention?. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:399-401.
48. Roberts W.O., Brust J.D., Leonard B., et al. Fair-play rules and injury reduction in ice hockey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996, 150:140-145.
49. Smith A.M., Jorgenson M., Sorenson M.C., et al. Hockey Educational Program (HEP): a statewide measure of fair play, skill development, and coaching excellence. J ASTM Int (JAI) 2009, 6:1-14.
50. Emery C.A., Kang J., Shrier I., et al. Risk of injury associated with body checking among youth ice hockey players. JAMA 2010, 303:2265-2272.
51. Emery C.A., Meeuwisse W.H. Injury rates, risk factors, and mechanisms of injury in minor hockey. Am J Sports Med 2006, 34:1960-1969.
52. Goodman D., Gaetz M., Meichenbaum D. Concussions in hockey: there is cause for concern. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33:2004-2009.
53. Leape L. Institute of Medicine medical error figures are not exaggerated. JAMA 2000, 284:95-97.
54. Facts & Prevention Tips. ThinkFirst Foundation Accessed June 11, 2010. http://www.thinkfirst.org/About/Facts.asp.
55. Benson B.W., Mohtadi N.G., Rose M.S., et al. Head and neck injuries among ice hockey players wearing full face shields vs half face shields. JAMA 1999, 282:2328-2332.
56. Heads Up: Concussion in Youth Sports. 2009 May 25 Injury Prevention & Control: Traumatic Brain Injury Accessed June 15, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/HeadsUp/youth.html.
57. Cantu R.C. Head injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med 1996, 30:289-296.
58. Guskiewicz K.M., Bdruce S.L., Cantu R.C., et al. National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: management of sport-related concussion. J Athl Train 2004, 39:280-297.
59. Guskiewicz K.M., Weaver N.L., Padua D.A., et al. Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. Am J Sports Med 2000, 28:643-650.
60. Kelly K.D., Lissel H.L., Rowe B.H., et al. Sport and recreation-related head injuries treated in the emergency department. Clin J Sport Med 2001, 11:77-81.
61. Macpherson A., Rothman L., Howard A. Body-checking rules and childhood injuries in ice hockey. Pediatrics 2006, 117:e143-e147.
62. Makdissi M. Is the simple versus complex classification of concussion a valid and useful differentiation?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i23-i27.
63. Mueller F., Cantu R. Nineteenth Annual Report of the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research: Fall 1982-Spring 2001 2002, National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, Chapel Hill, NC.
64. Stuart M.J., Dajani K.A., Crawford B.J. A synthesis of the world literature of ice hockey injuries: epidemiologic principles and future directions. Safety in Ice Hockey 2009, 5(STP 1516):11-72.
65. Stuart M.J., Smith A.M. Principles of ice hockey research. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):19-31.
66. Stuart M.J., Smith A.M., Larson D.R. The power of the denominator: a proposal for more comprehensive modeling of risk factors in ice hockey injuries. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):52-58.
67. Tator C.H., Carson J.D., Edmonds V.E. Spinal and head injuries in ice hockey: a three decade perspective. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):150-164.
68. Tegner Y. Serious spinal injuries in Swedish ice hockey. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):165-172.
69. Wennberg R.A., Tator C.H. National Hockey League reported concussions, 1986-87 to 2001-02. Can J Neurol Sci 2003, 30:206-209.
70. Williamson I.J., Goodman D. Converging evidence for the under-reporting of concussions in youth ice hockey. Br J Sports Med 2006, 40:128-132. discussion 128-132.
71. Pocket SCAT2. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43:i89-i90.
72. STOP Sports Injuries Accessed June 16, 2010. http://www.STOPsportsinjuries.org.
73. Ackery A., Provvidenza C., Tator C.H. Concussion in hockey: compliance with return to play advice and follow-up status. Can J Neurol Sci 2009, 36:207-212.
74. Alla S., Sullivan S.J., Hale L., et al. Self-report scales/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i3-i12.
75. Bailey C.M., Samples H.L., Broshek D.K., et al. The relationship between psychological distress and baseline sports-related concussion testing. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:272-277.
76. Barr W.B., McCrea M. Sensitivity and specificity of standardized neurocognitive testing immediately following sports concussion. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2001, 7:693-702.
77. Bazarian J. Blood test for brain injuries gains momentum Accessed June 16, 2010. http://www.eurekaalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/uorm-btf03310.
78. Chen J.K., Johnston K.M., Collie A., et al. A validation of the post concussion symptom scale in the assessment of complex concussion using cognitive testing and functional MRI. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:1231-1238.
79. Collins M.W., Iverson G.L., Lovell M.R., et al. On-field predictors of neuropsychological and symptom deficit following sports-related concussion. Clin J Sport Med 2003, 13:222-229.
80. Creighton D.W., Shrier I., Shultz R., et al. Return-to-play in sport: a decision-based model. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:379-385.
81. Davis G.A., Iverson G.L., Guskiewicz K.M., et al. Contributions of neuroimaging, balance testing, electrophysiology and blood markers to the assessment of sport-related concussion. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i36-i45.
82. deKruijk J.R., Leffers P., Meerhoff P., et al. S-100B and neuron specific enolase in serum of mild traumatic brain injury patients: a comparison with healthy controls. Acta Neurol Scand 2001, 103:175-179.
83. Dick R.W., Agel J., Hootman J.M., et al. Concussion rates and gender in NCAA competitions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008, 40(Suppl 1):S231.
84. Echemendia R. Sports neuropsychology: assessment and management of traumatic brain injury 2006, Gilford Press, New York.
85. Ferrara M.S., McCrea M., Peterson C.L., et al. A survey of practice patterns in concussion assessment and management. J Athl Train 2001, 36:145-149.
86. Field M., Collins M.W., Lovell M.R., et al. Does age play a role in recovery from sports-related concussion?. A comparison of high school and collegiate athletes. J Pediatr 2003, 142:546-553.
87. Gioia G. Ten steps and commitments for an effective youth sports concussion program. Brain Inj Prof 2008, 4:14-15.
88. Gioia G.A., Schneider J.C., Vaughan C.G., et al. Which symptom assessments and approaches are uniquely appropriate for paediatric concussion?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i13-i22.
89. Goodman D., Gall B., Miller A. Adherence to Return-to-Play guidelines following a sport-induced concussion. ASTM Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):11.
90. Gordon K.E. Apolipoprotein E genotyping and concussion: time to fish or cut bait. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:405-406.
91. Guskiewicz K.M., McCrea M., Marshall S.W., et al. Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: the NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA 2003, 290:2549-2555.
92. Guskiewicz K.M., Ross S.E., Marshall S.W. Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes. J Athl Train 2001, 36:263-273.
93. Kaut K.P., DePompei R., Kerr J., et al. Reports of head injury and symptom knowledge among college athletes: implications for assessment and educational intervention. Clin J Sport Med 2003, 13:213-221.
94. Kirkwood M.W., Yeates K.O., Wilson P.E. Pediatric sport-related concussion: a review of the clinical management of an oft-neglected population. Pediatrics 2006, 117:1359-1371.
95. Lovell M.R., Collins M.W., Iverson G.L., et al. Recovery from mild concussion in high school athletes. J Neurosurg 2003, 98:296-301.
96. Lovell M.R., Iverson G.L., Collins M.W., et al. Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion?. Clin J Sport Med 1999, 9:193-198.
97. McCrea M. Standardized mental status testing on the sideline after sport-related concussion. J Athl Train 2001, 36:274-279.
98. McCrea M., Randolph C., Kelly J. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation 1997, CNS Inc, Waukesha, WI.
99. McKee A.C., Cantu R.C., Nowinski C.J., et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009, 68:709-735.
100. Middleton K., Krabak B.J., Coppel D.B. The influence of pediatric autonomic dysfunction on recovery after concussion. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:491-492.
101. Moser R.S., Iverson G.L., Echemendia R.J., et al. Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2007, 22:909-916.
102. Purcell L. What are the most appropriate return-to-play guidelines for concussed child athletes?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i51-i55.
103. Putukian M., Aubry M., McCrory P. Return to play after sports concussion in elite and non-elite athletes?. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i28-i31.
104. Sandler S.J., Figaji A.A., Adelson P.D. Clinical applications of biomarkers in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 2010, 26:205-213.
105. Schatz P., Pardini J.E., Lovell M.R., et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the ImPACT Test Battery for concussion in athletes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2006, 21:91-99.
106. Stålnacke B.-M., Ohlsson A., Tegner Y., et al. Serum concentrations of two biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase are increased in elite female soccer players after a competitive game. Br J Sports Med 2006, 40:313-316.
107. Stålnacke B.-M.M., Tegner Y.M., Sojka P.M. Playing ice hockey and basketball increases serum levels of S-100B in elite players: a pilot study. Clin J Sport Med 2003, 13:292-301.
108. Stuart M.J., Link A.A., Smith A.M., et al. Skate blade neck lacerations: a survey and case follow-up. Clin J Sport Med 2009, 19:494-497.
109. Bishop P.J. The acceleration-axonal strain relationship and MTBI: future direction for head protection. Safety in Ice Hockey 2009, 5(STP 1516):3-8.
110. Coulson N.R., Foreman S.E., Hoshizaki T.B. Translational and rotational accelerations generated during reconstructed ice hockey impacts on a Hybrid III head form. J ASTM Int (JAI) 2009, 6:141-151.
111. Rousseau P., Post A., Hoshizaki T.B. A comparison of peak linear and angular headform accelerations using ice hockey helmets. J ASTM Int (JAI) 2008, 6:152-170.
112. St.John A. Anatomy of a NASCAR crash. Popular Mechanics Accessed June 15, 2010. http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/news/vintage-speed/4249470?do=print.
113. To err is human: building a safer health system Accessed June 12, 2010. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/508818.
114. Heads Up Hockey Accessed June 16, 2010. http://www.usahockey.com/Template_Usahockey.aspx?NAV=ET_02&id=292550.
115. Minnesota Hockey HEP 2010 Hockey Education Program, Accessed August 4, 2010. http://minnesotahockeyhep.com.
116. Ciavorro C., Dobson M., Goodman D. Implicit learning as a strategy for learning games: alert hockey. Comput Human Behav 2008, 24:2862-2872.
117. Cook D.J., Cusimano M.D., Tator C.H., et al. Evaluation of the ThinkFirst Canada, Smart Hockey, brain and spinal cord injury prevention video. Inj Prev 2003, 9:361-366.
118. Cusimano M., Cook D., Tator C., et al. The effectiveness of an injury prevention educational intervention in teaching young hockey players about concussion. Can J Neurol Sci 2002, 29:S23-S24.
119. Cusimano M.D. Canadian minor hockey participants' knowledge about concussion. Can J Neurol Sci 2009, 36:315-320.
120. Faught B.E., Baker J., Cairny J., et al. Measuring athletic exposure and body contact using time on task technology in ice hockey. J ASTM Int (JAI) 2009, 6:277-287.
121. Gladwell M. The tipping point how little things can make a big difference 2000, Little, Brown, Boston.
122. Glang A., Koester M.C., Beaver S.V., et al. Online training in sports concussion for youth sports coaches. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2010, 5:1-12.
123. Goodman D., Bradley N.L., Paras B., et al. Video gaming promotes concussion knowledge acquisition in youth hockey players. J Adolesc 2006, 29:351-360.
124. McPherson M.N., Montelpare W.J., Keightley M., et al. An analysis of head impact profiles and safe hockey behaviors in youth hockey players. J ASTM Int (JAI) 2009, 6:7.
125. Mihalik J.P., Blackburn J.T., Greenwald R.M., et al. Collision type and player anticipation affect head impact severity among youth ice hockey players. Pediatrics 2010, 125:e1394-e1401.
126. Montelpare W., McPherson M., Sutherland M., et al. Introduction to the Play it Cool Safe Hockey Program. J Sports Sci Coach 2010, 5:61-74.
127. Provvidenza C.F., Johnston K.M. Knowledge transfer principles as applied to sport concussion education. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43(Suppl 1):i68-i75.
128. Roberts W.O. Is the risk of injury greater in Pee Wee hockey leagues that permit body checking?. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:500-501.
129. Roberts W.O., Brust J.D., Leonard B. Youth ice hockey tournament injuries: rates and patterns compared to season play. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999, 31:46-51.
130. Smith A.M. Power Play: Mental Toughness for Hockey and Beyond 1999, USA Hockey, Athletic Guide Publishing, Flagler Beach, FL. 3rd ed.
131. Smith A.M., Stuart M.J., et al. A psychosocial perspective of aggression in ice hockey. Safety in Ice Hockey 2000, 3(STP 1341):199-215. AML C.
132. Rudolph M. Rule changes: their effect on the safety in ice hockey. Safety in Ice Hockey 1989, 1(STP 1050):35-36.
133. Watson R.C., Singer C.D., Sproule J.R. Checking from behind in ice hockey: a study of injury and penalty data in the Ontario University Athletic Association Hockey League. Clin J Sport Med 1996, 6:108-111.
134. Klugl M., Shrier I., McBain K., et al. The prevention of sport injury: an analysis of 12,000 published manuscripts. Clin J Sport Med 2010, 20:407-412.
135. Mariconda J., Mariconda A. Rediscovering youth sportsmanship. Safety in Ice Hockey 2004, 4(STP 1446):135-138.
136. Stuart M.J., Smith A.M., Malo-Ortiguera S.A., et al. A comparison of facial protection and the incidence of head, neck, and facial injuries in Junior A hockey players. A function of individual playing time. Am J Sports Med 2002, 30:39-44.
137. Warsh J.M., Constantin S.A., Howard A., et al. A systematic review of the association between body checking and injury in youth ice hockey. Clin J Sport Med 2009, 19:134-144.