Controls on late quaternary incised-valley dimension along passive margins evaluated using empirical data

Sedimentology

Volumn 58, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1113-1137

  Mattheus, Christopher R ^a   Rodriguez, Antonio B ^a  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

Author keywords

Alluvial; Drainage basin; Fluvial geomorphology; Graded river profile; Incised valley; Sea level

Indexed keywords

ALLUVIAL; DRAINAGE BASIN; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; GRADED-RIVER PROFILE; INCISED VALLEY;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; CATCHMENTS; COASTAL ZONES; LITHOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; PROCESS CONTROL; RIVERS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TECTONICS;

LANDFORMS;

ACCUMULATION RATE; ALLUVIAL DEPOSIT; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; COASTAL ZONE; DRAINAGE BASIN; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE; GLACIOEUSTACY; INCISED VALLEY; PASSIVE MARGIN; QUATERNARY; RIVER DISCHARGE; RIVER EVOLUTION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTATION; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; VALLEY FILL;

EID: 79960400828     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2010.01197.x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Adams, J.M. and Faure, H. (1997) Preliminary vegetation maps of the world since the Last Glacial Maximum: an aid to archaeological understanding. J. Archaeol. Sci., 24, 623-647.
2. Ainsworth, R.B. and Walker, R.G. (1994) Control of estuarine valley-fill deposition by fluctuations of relative sea-level, Cretaceous Bearpaw-Horseshoe Canyon Transition, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada. In: Incised-valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 159-173.
3. Anderson, J.B. and Rodriguez, A.B. (2008) Response of Upper Gulf Coast Estuaries to Holocene climate change and sea-level rise. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 443, 146.
4. Anderson, J.B., Rodriguez, A., Abdulah, K.C., Fillon, R.H., Banfield, L.A., McKeown, H.A. and Wellner, J.S. (2004) Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico margin: a synthesis. In: Late Quaternary Stratigraphic Evolution of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Margin: A Synthesis (Eds J.B. Anderson and R.H. Fillon), SEPM Spec. Publ., 79, 1-23.
5. Ardies, G.W., Dalrymple, R.W. and Zaitlin, B.A. (2002) Controls on the geometry of incised valleys in the Basal Quartz Unit (Lower Cretaceous), Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. J. Sed. Res., 72, 602-618.
6. Autin, W.J. (1992) Use of alloformations for definition of Holocene meander belts in the middle Amite River, southern Louisiana. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 233-241.
7. Belknap, D.F. and Kraft, J.C. (1981) Preservation potential of transgressive coastal lithosomes on the U.S. Atlantic shelf. Mar. Geol., 42, 429-442.
8. Belknap, D.F., Kraft, J.C. and Dunn, R. (1994) Transgressive valley fill lithosomes: Delaware and Maine. In: Incised Valley Fill Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 341-354.
9. Bernard, H.A. and LeBlanc, R.J. (1965) Resume of the Quaternary geology of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico province. In: The Quaternary of the United States (Eds H.E. Wright and D.G. Frey), pp. 137-185, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
10. Blum, M.D. (1994) Genesis and architecture of incised valley fill sequences: a Late Quaternary Example from the Colorado River, Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. In: Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications (Eds P. Weimer and H.W. Posamentier), AAPG Mem., 58, 259-283.
11. Blum, M.D. and Törnqvist, T.E. (2000) Fluvial responses to climate and sea-level change: a review and look forward. Sedimentology, 47, 2-48.
12. Blum, M.D., Toomey, R.S., III and Valastro, S., Jr (1994) Fluvial response to Late Quaternary climatic and environmental change, Edwards Plateau, Texas. Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol., 108, 1-21.
13. Boyles, R.P. and Raman, S. (2003) Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (1949-1998). Environ. Int., 29, 263-275.
14. Bratton, J.F., Colman, S.M., Thieler, E.R. and Seal, R.R.I. (2003) Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise. GeoMar. Lett., 22, 188-197.
15. Brill, A.L. (1996) The Suffolk Scarp: a pleistocene barrier island in Beaufort and Pamlico Counties. Unpublished Masters thesis, Duke University, Durham, NC, 137 pp.
16. Brown, L.F., Jr, Brewton, J.L., McGowen, J.H., Evans, T.J., Fisher, W.L. and Groat, C.G. (1976) Environmental Geologic Atlas of the Texas Coastal Zone-Corpus Christi Area. University of Texas at Austin, Austin. Bur. Econ. Geol., 123.
17. Cecil, C.B., Dulong, F.T., Harris, R.A., Cobb, J.A., Gluskoter, H.G. and Nugroho, H. (2003) Observations on climate and sediment discharge in selected tropical rivers, Indonesia. In: Climate Controls on Stratigraphy (Eds C.B. Cecil and N.T. Edgar), SEPM Spec. Publ., 77, 29-50.
18. Chappell, J. and Shackleton, N.J. (1986) Oxygen isotopes and sea level. Nature, 324, 137-140.
19. Clifton, H.E. (1994) Preservation of transgressive and highstand late Pleistocene valley-fill/estuary deposits, Willipa Bay, Washington. In: Incised-valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 322-333.
20. Culver, S.J., Grand Pre, C.A., Mallinson, D.J., Riggs, S.R., Corbett, D.R., Foley, J., Hale, M., Metger, L., Ricardo, J., Rosenberger, J., Smith, C.G., Smith, C.W., Snyder, S.W. and Twamley, D. (2007) Late Holocene barrier island collapse: Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA. Sed. Rec., 5, 4-8.
21. Dabrio, C.J., Zazo, C., Goy, J.L., Sierro, F.J., Borja, F., Lario, J., González, J.A. and Flores, J.A. (2000) Depositional history of estuarine infill during the last postglacial transgression (Gulf of Cadiz, Southern Spain). Mar. Geol., 162, 381-404.
22. Dalrymple, R.W. (2006) Incised valleys in space and time: an introduction to the volume and an examination of the controls on valley formation and filling. In: Incised Valleys in Space and Time (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, D.A. Leckie and R.W. Tillman), SEPM Spec. Publ., 85, 5-12.
23. Dalrymple, R.W., Zaitlin, B.A. and Boyd, R. (1992) Estuarine facies models: conceptual basis and stratigraphic implications. J. Sed. Petrol., 62, 1130-1146.
24. Davidson, S.K. and North, C.P. (2009) Geomorphological regional curves for prediction of drainage area and screening modern analogues for rivers in the rock record. J. Sed. Res., 79, 773-792.
25. Delcourt, P.A. (1981) Vegetation maps for eastern North America: 40, 000yr B.P. to the present. In: Geobotany II (Ed. R.C. Romans), pp. 123-165. Plenum Press, New York.
26. Doyle, M.W. and Harbor, J.M. (2003) Modelling the effect of form and profile adjustment on channel equilibrium timescales. Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 28, 1271-1287.
27. Ethridge, F.G., Germanoski, D., Schumm, S.A. and Wood, L.J. (2005) The morphological and stratigraphical effects of base-level change: a review of experimental studies. In: Fluvial Sedimentology VII (Eds M.D. Blum, S.B. Marriott and S.F. Leclair), Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol., 35, 213-241.
28. Fairbanks, R.G. (1989) A 17, 000-year glacio-esutatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642.
29. Foyle, A.M. and Oertel, G.F. (1997) Transgressive systems tract development and incised-valley fills within a Quaternary estuary-shelf system: Virginia inner shelf, USA. Mar. Geol., 137, 227-249.
30. Galloway, W.E., Ganey-Curry, P.E., Li, X. and Buffler, R.T. (2000) Cenozoic depositional history of the Gulf of Mexico basin. AAPG Bull., 84, 1743-1774.
31. Gibling, M.R. (2006) Width and thickness of fluvial channel bodies and valley fills in the geological record: a literature compilation and classification. J. Sed. Res., 76, 731-770.
32. Greene, D.L.J., Rodriguez, A.B. and Anderson, J.B. (2007) Seaward-branching coastal-plain and piedmont incised-valley systems through multiple sea-level cycles: late quaternary examples from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, U.S.A. J. Sed. Res., 77, 139-158.
33. Guccione, M.J. (1994) Indirect response of the Peace River, Florida, to episodic sea level change. J. Coastal Res., 11, 637-650.
34. Hassan, M.A. and Klein, M. (2002) Fluvial adjustment of the Lower Jordan River to a drop in the Dead Sea level. Geomorphology, 45, 21-33.
35. Heap, A.D. and Nichol, S.L. (1997) The influence of limited accommodation space on the stratigraphy of an incised-valley succession: Weiti River estuary, New Zealand. Mar. Geol., 144, 229-252.
36. van Heijst, M.W.I.M. and Postma, G. (2001) Fluvial response to sea-level changes: a quantitative analogue, experimental approach. Basin Res., 13, 269-292.
37. van Heijst, M.W.I.M., Postma, G., Meijer, X.D., Snow, J.N. and Anderson, J.B. (2001) Quantitative analogue flume-model study of river-shelf systems: principles and verification exemplified by the late Quaternary Colorado river-delta evolution. Basin Res., 13, 243-268.
38. Helland-Hansen, W. and Martinsen, O.J. (1996) Shoreline Trajectories and Sequences: description of Variable Depositional-Dip Scenarios. J. Sed. Res., 66, 670-688.
39. Hine, A.C. and Snyder, S.W. (1985) Coastal lithosome preservation: evidence from the shoreface and inner continental shelf off Bogue Banks, North Carolina. Mar. Geol., 63, 307-330.
40. Holbrook, J. (2001) Origin, genetic interrelationships, and stratigraphy over a continuum of fluvial channel-form bounding surfaces: and illustration from middle Cretaceous strata, southeastern Colorado. Sed. Geol., 144, 179-222.
41. Holbrook, J., Scott, R.W. and Oboh-Ikuenobe, F.E. (2006) Base-level buffers and buttresses: a model for upstream versus downstream control on fluvial geometry and architecture within sequences. J. Sed. Res., 76, 162-174.
42. Jackson, S.T., Web, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Overpeck, J.T., Webb, T., III, Williams, J.W. and Hansen, B.C.S. (2000) Vegetation and environment in Eastern North America during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 19, 489-508.
43. Jervey, M.T. (1988) Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expression. In: Sea-Level Changes: An Integrated Approach (Eds C.K. Wilgus, C.A. Ross and H. Posamentier), SEPM Spec. Publ., 42, 47-69.
44. Koss, J.E., Ethridge, F.G. and Schumm, S.A. (1994) An experimental study of the effects of base-level change on fluvial, coastal plain and shelf systems. J. Sed. Res., 64, 90-98.
45. LeGrand, H.E. (1961) Summary of geology of Atlantic Coastal Plain. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 45, 1557-1571.
46. Leigh, D.S. and Feeney, T.P. (1995) Paleochannels indicating wet climate and lack of response to lower sea level, southeast Georgia. Geology, 23, 687-690.
47. Leigh, D.S., Srivastana, P. and Brook, G.A. (2004) Late Pleistocene braided rivers of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 23, 65-84.
48. Leopold, L.B. and Maddock, T., Jr (1953) The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 252, 53.
49. Loget, N. and Van Den Driessche, J. (2009) Wave train model for knickpoint migration. Geomorphology, 106, 376-382.
50. Mallinson, D., Riggs, S., Culver, S., Thieler, R., Foster, D., Corbett, D., Farrell, K. and Wehmiller, J. (2005) Late Neogene and Quaternary evolution of the northern Albemarle Embayment (Mid-Atlantic Continental Margin, USA). Mar. Geol., 217, 97-117.
51. Mallinson, D.J., Culver, S.J., Riggs, S.R., Thieler, E.R., Foster, D., Wehmiller, J., Farrell, K.M. and Pierson, J. (2010) Regional seismic stratigraphy and controls on the Quaternary evolution of the Cape Hatteras region of the Atlantic passive margin, USA. Mar. Geol., 268, 16-33.
52. Mattheus, C.R., Rodriguez, A.B., Greene, D.L., Jr, Simms, A.R. and Anderson, J.B. (2007) Control of upstream variables on incised-valley dimension. J. Sed. Res., 77, 213-224.
53. Morton, R.A., Blum, M.D. and White, W.A. (1996) Valley fills of incised coastal plain rivers. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., Trans., 46, 321-331.
54. Nichol, S.L., Boyd, R. and Penland, S. (1996) Sequence stratigraphy of a coastal-plain incised valley estuary: Lake Calcasieu, Louisiana. J. Sed. Res., 66, 847-857.
55. Paola, C., Heller, P.L. and Angevine, C.L. (1992) The large-scale dynamics of grain-size variation in alluvial basins, 1: Theory. Basin Res., 4, 73-90.
56. Plint, A.G. and Wadsworth, J.A. (2003) Sedimentology and paleogeomorphology of four large valley systems incising delta plains, western Canada Foreland Basin: implications for mid-Cretaceous sea-level changes. Sedimentology, 50, 1147-1186.
57. Posamentier, H.W. (2001) Lowstand alluvial bypass systems: incised vs. unincised. AAPG Bull., 85, 1771-1793.
58. Posamentier, H.W. and Allen, G.P. (1999) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy: concepts and applications. SEPM Concepts Sedimentol. Paleontol., 7, 216.
59. Prentice, C., Bartlein, P.J. and Webb, T., III (1991) Vegetation and climate change in eastern North America since the Last Glacial Maximum. Ecology, 72, 2038-2056.
60. Ray, N. and Adams, M. (2001) A GIS-based vegetation map of the world at the Last Glacial Maximum (25, 000-15, 000 BP). Internet Archaeol., 11, 1-44.
61. Reading, H.G. (2000) Sedimentary Environments: Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell Publishing Company, Blackwell Science, Malden, 688 pp.
62. Richards, H.G. (1967) Stratigraphy of Atlantic Coastal Plain between Long Island and Georgia; review. AAPG Bull., 51, 2400-2429.
63. Riggs, S.R. and Ames, D.V. (2003) Drowning of the North Carolina Coast: Sea-Level Rise and Estuarine Dynamics. North Carolina Sea Grant Program, Raleigh, NC, Publication No. UNC-SG-03-04, 152 pp.
64. Riggs, S., Cleary, W.J. and Snyder, S.W. (1995) Influence of inherited geologic framework on barrier shoreface morphology and dynamics. Mar. Geol., 126, 213-234.
65. Riggs, S.R., Snyder, S.W., Hine, A.C. and Mearns, D.L. (1996) Hardbottom morphology and relationship to the geologic framework: Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf. J. Sed. Res., 66, 830-846.
66. Rodriguez, A.B., Anderson, J.B. and Simms, A.R. (2005) Terrace inundation as an autocyclic mechanism for parasequence formation: Galveston Estuary, Texas, U.S.A. J. Sed. Res., 75, 606-618.
67. Rodriguez, A.B., Greene, D.L.J., Anderson, J.B. and Simms, A.R. (2008) Response of Mobile Bay and eastern Mississippi Sound, Alabama, to changes in sediment accomodation and accumulation. In: Response of Upper Gulf Coast Estuaries to Holocene Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise (Eds J.B. Anderson and A.B. Rodriguez), Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 443, 13-31.
68. Rohling, E.J., Grant, K., Hemleben, C., Siddall, M., Hoogakker, B.A.A., Bolshaw, M. and Kucera, M. (2008) High rates of sea-level rise during the last interglacial period. Nat. Geosci., 1, 38-42.
69. Sager, E.D. and Riggs, S.R. (1998) Models for the Holocene valley-fill history of Albemarle sound, North Carolina, USA. In: Tidalites: Processes and Products (Eds C.R. Alexander, R.A. Davis and V.J. Henry), SEPM Spec. Publ., 61, 119-127.
70. Schumm, S.A. (1993) River response to baselevel change: implications for sequence stratigraphy. J. Geol., 101, 279-294.
71. Schumm, S.A. and Brackenridge, S.A. (1987) River response. In: North America and Adjacent Oceans during the Last Deglaciation (Eds W.F. Ruddiman and H.E. Wright, Jr), Geol. Soc. Am., The Geology of North America, K-3, 221-240.
72. Schumm, S.A. and Ethridge, F.G. (1994) Origin, evolution and morphology of fluvial valleys. In: Incised-valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 10-27.
73. Schumm, S.A., Harvey, M.D. and Watson, C.C. (1984) Incised Channels: Morphology, Dynamics and Control. Water Resources Publication, Chelsea, MI, 200 pp.
74. Shanley, K.W. and McCabe, P.J. (1994) Perspectives on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata: report of a working group at the 1991 NUNA conference of high resolution sequence stratigraphy. AAPG Bull., 78, 544-568.
75. Simms, A.R., Anderson, J.B., Taha, Z.P. and Rodriguez, A.B. (2006) Overfilled versus underfilled incised valleys: examples from the Quaternary Gulf of Mexico. In: Incised Valleys in Time and Space (Eds R. Dalrymple, D. Leckie and R. Tillman), SEPM Spec. Publ., 85, 117-139.
76. Simms, A.R., Anderson, J.B., Milliken, K.T., Taha, Z.P. and Wellner, J.S. (2007a) Geomorphology and age of the OIS2 (last lowstand) sequence boundary on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. In: Seismic Geomorphology: Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Eds R.J. Davies, H.W. Posamentier, L.J. Wood and J.A. Cartwright), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 277, 29-46.
77. Simms, A.R., Lambeck, K., Purcell, A., Anderson, J.B. and Rodriguez, A.B. (2007b) Sea-level history for the Gulf of Mexico since the last glacial maximum with implications for the melting history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 26, 920-940.
78. Smyth, W.C. (1991) Seismic facies analysis and depositional history of an incised-valley system, Galveston Bay Area, Texas. Unpublished thesis, Rice University, Houston, 170 pp.
79. Strong, N. and Paola, C. (2006) Fluvial landscapes and stratigraphy in a flume. Sed. Rec., 4, 4-8.
80. Strong, N. and Paola, C. (2008) Valleys that never were: time surfaces versus stratigraphic surfaces. J. Sed. Res., 78, 579-593.
81. Talling, P.J. (1998) How and where do incised valleys form if sea level remains above the shelf edge?. Geology, 26, 87-90.
82. Thomas, M.A. (1990) The Impact of Long-Term and Short-Term Sea-Level Changes on the Evolution of the Wisconsin-Holocene Trinity/Sabine Incised-Valley System, Texas Continental Shelf. Rice University, Houston, 247 pp.
83. Thomas, M.A. and Anderson, J.B. (1994) Sea-level controls on the facies architecture of the Trinity/Sabine incised-valley system, Texas continental shelf. In: Incised-Valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 63-82.
84. Thornthwaite, C.W. (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr. Rev., 38, 55-94.
85. Tooth, S., Brandt, D., Hancox, P.J. and McCarthy, T.S. (2004) Geological controls on alluvial river behaviour: a comparative study of three rivers on the South African Highveld. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 38, 79-97.
86. Törnqvist, T.E. (1998) Longitudinal profile evolution of the Rhine-Meuse system during the last deglaciation: interplay of climate change and glacio-eustasy? Terra Nova, 10, 11-15.
87. Törnqvist, T.E., Wallinga, J., Murray, A.S., de Wolf, H., Cleveringa, P. and de Gans, W. (2000) Response of the Rhine-Meuse system (west-central Netherlands) to the last Quaternary glacio-eustatic cycles: a first assessment. Global Planet. Change, 27, 89-111.
88. Törnqvist, T.E., Wortman, S.R., Mateo, Z.R., Milne, G.A. and Swenson, J.B. (2006) Did the last sea level lowstand lead to cross-shelf valley formation and source-to-sink sediment flux? J. Geophys. Res., 111, F04002; doi.
89. Toscano, M.A. and Macintyre, I.G. (2003) Corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11, 000years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs, 22, 257-270.
90. Van Wagoner, J.C., Posamentier, H.W., Mitchum, R.M., Vail, P.R., Sarg, J.F., Loutit, T.S. and Hardenbol, J. (1988) An overview of sequence stratigraphy and key definitions. In: Sea-level Changes: An Integrated Approach (Eds C.K. Wilgus, B.S. Hastings, C.G.St.C. Kendall, H.W. Posamentier, C.A. Ross and J.C. Van Wagoner), SEPM Spec. Publ., 42, 39-45.
91. Van Wagoner, J.C., Mitchum, R.M., Campion, K.m. and Rahmanian, V.D. (1990) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, core, and outcrops: concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Meth. Explor. Ser., 7, 55.
92. Vandenberghe, J. (1995) Timescales, climate, and river development. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 14, 631-638.
93. Webb, T., III, Anderson, K.H., Bartlein, P.J. and Webb, R.S. (1998) Late Quaternary climate change in eastern North America: a comparison of pollen-derived estimates with climate model results. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 17, 587-606.
94. Wells, J.T. and Kim, S.-Y. (1989) Sedimentation in the Albemarle-Pamlico Lagoonal System: synthesis and hypotheses. Mar. Geol., 88, 263-284.
95. Whittaker, A.C., Attal, M., Cowie, P.A., Tucker, G.E. and Roberts, G. (2008) Decoding temporal and spatial patterns of fault uplift using transient river long profiles. Geomorphology, 100, 506-526.
96. Wilkinson, B.H. and Byrne, J.R. (1977) Lavaca Bay - transgressive deltaic sedimentation in central Texas estuary. AAPG Bull., 61, 527-545.
97. Williams, J.W. (2002) Variations in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum. Global Planet. Change, 35, 1-23.
98. Williams, J.W., Shuman, B.N., Web, T., III, Bartlein, P.J. and Leduc, P.L. (2004) Late-Quaternary vegetation dynamics in North America: scaling from Taxa to Biomes. Ecol. Monogr., 74, 309-334.
99. Winker, C.D. (1979) Late Pleistocene fluvial-deltaic deposition: Texas coastal plain and shelf. M.S., The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 187 pp.
100. Winker, C.D. and Howard, J.D. (1977) Correlation of tectonically deformed shorelines on the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Geology, 5, 123-127.
101. Wohl, E. and Achyuthan, H. (2002) Substrate influences on incised-channel morphology. J. Geol., 110, 115-120.
102. Wood, L.J., Ethridge, F.G. and Schumm, S.A. (1993) The effects of base-level fluctuation on coastal-plain, shelf and slope depositional systems: an experimental approach. In: Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Associations (Eds H.W. Posamentier, C.P. Summerhayes, B.U. Haq and G.P. Allen), Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Spec. Publ., 18, 43-54.
103. Wood, L.J., Ethridge, F.G. and Schumm, S.A. (1994) An experimental study of the influence of subaqueous shelf angles on coastal plain and shelf deposits. In: Recent Advances in and Applications of Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy (Eds H.W. Posamentier and P. Weimer), AAPG Mem., 58, 381-391.
104. Yokoyama, Y., Lambeck, K., De Deckker, P., Johnston, P. and Fifield, L.K. (2000) Timing of the Last Glacial Maximum from observed sea-level minima. Nature, 406, 713-716.
105. York, L.L., Thieler, E.R., Brill, A.L., Riggs, S.R. and Wehmiller, J.F. (2000) Aminostratigraphic age estimate for the Suffolk Scarp, North Carolina coastal plain. Geol. Soc. Am., Southeastern Section, 49th Annual Meeting, 32, 85.
106. Zaitlin, B.A., Dalrymple, R.W. and Boyd, R. (1994) The stratigraphic organization of incised-valley systems associated with relative sea-level change. In: Incised-Valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences (Eds R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd and B.A. Zaitlin), SEPM Spec. Publ., 51, 45-60.