Geological effects and implications of the 2010 tsunami along the central coast of Chile

Sedimentary Geology

Volumn 242, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 34-51

  Morton, Robert A ^a   Gelfenbaum, Guy ^b   Buckley, Mark L ^a   Richmond, Bruce M ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Boulders; Coastal hazards; Erosion; Multiple flow directions; Sediment transport; Sedimentary deposit

Indexed keywords

ALONGSHORE FLOW; BED LOAD; BEDFORMS; BOULDERS; COASTAL EMBAYMENTS; COASTAL HAZARDS; CONTRIBUTING FACTOR; DEPOSIT THICKNESS; EDGE WAVES; FAULT RUPTURES; FAULT SLIP; FIELD MEASUREMENT; FLOW DEPTH; FLOW DIRECTION; FLOW HISTORY; INCOMING FLOWS; INUNDATION DISTANCE; LAND SURFACE; LOCAL INTERACTIONS; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES; MULTIPLE FLOW DIRECTIONS; NEAR-FIELD; RESONANT AMPLIFICATION; RETURN FLOW; SCOUR DEPTH; SEA FLOOR; SEDIMENT SUPPLY; SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS; SLIP DISPLACEMENTS; SUSPENDED LOADS; THICK DEPOSIT; TSUNAMI DEPOSITS; TSUNAMI EFFECTS; TSUNAMI INUNDATION; VEGETATION CONTROL; WAVE REFLECTIONS;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITS; EROSION; FLOODS; FORESTRY; MINING LAWS AND REGULATIONS; RIVERS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SURFACE MEASUREMENT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS;

TSUNAMIS;

BOULDER; DISPLACEMENT; EROSION; FAULT SLIP; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; TSUNAMI EVENT;

EROSION; FLOODS; FORESTRY; PLANTS; RIVERS; SEDIMENTARY ROCK; SEDIMENTS; SUSPENDED SOLIDS; TOPOGRAPHY;

CHILE; PERU;

EID: 79960342685     PISSN: 00370738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Annunziato A., Franchello G., Barberopoulou A. 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami post-event survey mission. European Commission Joint Research Centre Scientific and Technical Reports 2010, 58576. 268 pp.
2. Apotsos A., Gelfenbaum G., Jaffe B., Watt S., Peck B., Buckley M., Stevens A.W. Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in a sediment-limited embayment on American Samoa. Earth-Science Reviews 2011, 107:1-11.
3. Atwater B.F., Nuñez H.J., Vita-Finzi C. Net late Holocene emergence despite earthquake-induced submergence, south-central Chile. Quaternary International 1992, 15(16):77-85.
4. Barrientos S.E. Earthquakes in Chile. The Geology of Chile 2007, 263-287. The Geological Society, London. T. Moreno, W. Gibbons (Eds.).
5. Beavan J., Wang X., Holden C., Wilson K., Power W., Prasetya G., Bevis M., Kautoke R. Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer rise in September 2009. Nature 2010, 466:959-963.
6. Bourgeois J. Geologic effects and records of tsunamis. The Sea, Volume 15: Tsunamis 2009, 53-91. Harvard University Press. A.R. Robinson, E.N. Bernard (Eds.).
7. Bourgeois J., MacInnes B. Tsunami boulder transport and other dramatic effects of the 15 November 2006 central Kuril Islands tsunami on the island of Matua. Zeitschrift fuer Geomorphologie 2010, 54:175-195.
8. Bridge J.S., Demicco R.V. Earth Surface Processes, Landforms, and Sediment Deposits 2008, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. Cisternas M., Atwater B.F., Torrejon F., Sawai Y., Machuca G., Lagos M., Eipert A., Youlton C., Salgado I., Kamataki T., Shishikura M., Rajendran C.P., Malik J.K., Rizal Y., Husni M. Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake. Nature 2005, 437:404-407.
10. Danielsen F., Sorensen M.K., Olwig M.F., Selvam V., Parish F., Burgess N.D., Hiralshi T., Karunagaran V.M., Rasmussen M.S., Hansen L.B., Quarto A., Suryadiputra N. The Asian tsunami: a protective role for coastal vegetation. Science 2005, 310:643.
11. Dawson A.G. Geomorphological effects of tsunami run-up and backwash. Geomorphology 1994, 10:83-94.
12. Dawson A.G., Stewart I. Tsunami deposits in the geological record. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 200:166-183.
13. Delouis B., Nocquet J.-M., Vallée M. Slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw=8.8 Maule earthquake, central Chile, from static and highrate GPS, InSAR, and broadband teleseismic data. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37:L17305. 10.1029/2010GL043899.
14. Fagherazzi S., Du X. Tsunamigenic incisions produced by the December 2004 earthquake along the coasts of Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Geomorphology 2008, 99:120-129.
15. Farías M., Vargas G., Tassara A., Carretier S., Baize S., Melnick D., Bataille K. Land-level changes produced by the Mw 8.8 2010 Chilean earthquake. Science 2010, 369:916.
16. Farreras S.F. Tsunami resonant conditions of Concepcion Bay (Chile). Marine Geodesy 1978, 1:355-360.
17. Fritz H.M., Petroff C.M., Catalan P.A., Cienfuegos R., Winckler P., Kalligeris N., Weiss R., Barrientos S.E., Meneses G., Valderas-Bermejo C., Ebeling C., Papadopoulos A., Contreras M., Almar R., Dominguez J.C., Synolakis C. Field survey of the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2011, 10.1007/s00024-011-0283-5.
18. Geist E.L. Local tsunamis and earthquake source parameters. Advances in Geophysics 1998, 39:117-209.
19. Geist E.L., Dmowska R. Local tsunamis and distributed slip at the source. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1999, 154:485-512.
20. Gelfenbaum G., Jaffe B. Erosion and sedimentation from the 17 July 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics 2003, 60:1969-1999.
21. Gelfenbaum G., Vatvani D., Jaffe B., Dekker F. Tsunami inundation and sediment transport in vicinity of coastal mangrove forest. Proceedings of Coastal Sediments 07 May 2007, New Orleans, LA 2007, 1117-1128.
22. Gelfenbaum G., Apotsos A., Stevens A.W., Jaffe B. Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa. Earth-Science Reviews 2011, 107:122-22.
23. Gleason M.L., Elmer D.A., Pien N., Fisher J.S. Effects of stem density upon sediment retention by salt marsh cord grass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Estuaries 1979, 2:271-271.
24. Goff J., Dudley W.C., Demaintenon M.J., Cain G., Coney J.P. The largest local tsunami in 20th century Hawaii. Marine Geology 2006, 226:65-79.
25. Goff J., Liu P., Higman B., Morton R., Jaffe B., Fernando H., Lynett P., Fritz H., Synolakis C. The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka. Earthquake Spectra 2006, 22:S155-S172.
26. Goto K., Chavanich S.A., Imamura F., Kunthasap P., Matsui T., Minoura K., Sugawara D., Yanagisawa H. Distribution, origin, and transport process of boulders deposited by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Pakarang Cape, Thailand. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 202:821-837.
27. Higman B., Bourgeois J. Deposits of the 1992 Nicaragua tsunami. Tsunamiites Features and Implications 2008, 81-103. Elsevier. T. Shiki, Y. Tsuji, T. Yamazaki, K. Minoura (Eds.).
28. Imamura F., Gica E., Takahashi T., Shuto N. Numerical simulation of the 1992 Flores tsunami: Interpretation of tsunami phenomena in northeastern Flores Island and damage at Babi Island. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1995, 144:555-568.
29. Jaffe B., Gelfenbaum G. A simple model for calculating tsunami flow speed from tsunami deposits. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 200:347-361.
30. Jaffe B., Gelfenbaum G., Rubin D., Peters R., Anima R., Swensson M., Olcese D., Bernales L., Gomez J., Riega P. Tsunami deposits: identification and interpretation of tsunami deposits from the June 23, 2001 Peru tsunami. Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastal Sediments 2003, CD-ROM 2003.
31. Jaffe B.E., Borrero J.C., Prasetya G.S., Dengler L., Gelfenbaum G., Hidayat R., Higman B., Kingsley E.Lukiyanto, McAdoo B., Moore A., Morton R., Peters R., Ruggiero P., Titov V., Kongko W., Yulianto E. The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in northwest Sumatra and offshore islands. Earthquake Spectra 2006, 22:S105-S136.
32. Kathiresan K., Rajendran N. Coastal mangrove forests mitigated tsunami. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2005, 67:539-541.
33. Kiser E., Ishii M. The 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake: triggering on multiple segments and frequency-dependent rupture behavior. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38:L07301. 10.1029/2011GL047140.
34. Lay T., Kanamori H., Ammon C.J., Nettles M., Ward S.N., Aster R.C., Beck S.L., Bilek S.L., Brudzinski M.R., Butler R., DeShon H.R., Ekström G., Satake K., Sipkin S. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science 2005, 308:1127-1133.
35. Lay T., Ammon C.J., Kanamori H., Koper K.D., Sufri O., Huko A.R. Teleseismic inversion for rupture process of the 27 February 2010 Chile (Mw 8.8) earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37:L13301. 10.1029/2010GL043379.
36. Lay T., Ammon C.J., Kanamori H., Rivera L., Koper K.D., Huko A.R. The 2009 Samoa-Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet. Nature 2010, 466:964-968.
37. Leonard L.S., Croft A.L. The effect of standing biomass on flow velocity and turbulence in Spartina alterniflora canopies. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2006, 69:325-336.
38. Lockridge P.A. Tsunamis in Peru-Chile. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics Report SE-39 1985, 95 pp.
39. Lomnitz C. Major earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile during the period 1535 to 1955. International Journal of Earth Sciences 1970, 59:938-960.
40. Lorito S., Romano F., Atzori S., Tong X., Avallone A., McCloskey J., Cocco M., Boschi E., Piatanesi A. Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:173-177.
41. McBride E.F., Shepherd R.G., Crawley R.A. Origin of parallel, near-horizontal laminae by migration of bed forms in a small flume. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1975, 45:132-139.
42. Miller D.J. Giant waves in Lituya Bay, Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1960, 354C:51-83.
43. Moore A.L., McAdoo B.G., Ruffman A. Landward fining from multiple sources in a sand sheet deposited by the 1929 Grand Banks tsunami, Newfoundland. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 200:336-346.
44. Morton R.A., Gelfenbaum G., Jaffe B.E. Physical criteria for distinguishing sandy tsunami and storm deposits using modern examples. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 200:184-207.
45. Morton R.A., Goff J.R., Nichol S.L. Hydrodynamic implications of textural trends in sand deposits of the 2004 tsunami in Sri Lanka. Sedimentary Geology 2008, 207:56-64.
46. Morton R.A., Richmond B.M., Jaffe B.E., Gelfenbaum G. Coarse-clast ridge complexes of the Caribbean: a preliminary basis for distinguishing tsunami and storm-wave origins. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2008, 78:624-637.
47. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (online). http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/.
48. Nishimura Y., Miyaji N. Tsunami deposits from the 1993 southwest Hokkaido earthquake and the 1640 Hokkaido Komagatake eruption, northern Japan, 1995. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1995, 144:719-734.
49. Noormets R., Felton E.A., Crook K.A.W. Sedimentology of rocky shoreline: 2. Shoreline megaclasts on the north shore of Oahu, Hawaii-origins and history. Sedimentary Geology 2002, 150:31-45.
50. Paris R., Wassmer P., Sartohadi J., Lavigne F., Barthomeuf B., Desgages E., Grancher D., Baumert P., Vautier F., Brunstein D., Gomez C. Tsunamis as geomorphic crises: lessons from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, West Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Geomorphology 2009, 104:59-72.
51. Pietrzak J., Socquet A., Ham D., Simons W., Vigny C., Labeur R.J., Schrama E., Stelling G., Vatvani D. Defining the source region of the Indian Ocean tsunami from GPS, altimeters, tide gauges and tsunami models. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 261:49-64.
52. Plafker, G., Kachadoorian, R., Eckel, E.B., Mayo, L.R., 1969. Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964 on various communities. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542-G, p. G1-G50, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
53. Richmond B.M., Buckley M., Etienne S., Chague-Goff C., Clark K., Goff J., Dominey-Howes D., Strotz L. Deposits, flow characteristics, and landscape change resulting from the September 2009 South Pacific tsunami in the Samoan islands. Earth-Science Reviews 2011, 107:38-51.
54. Richmond B.M., Watt S., Buckley M., Jaffe B.E., Gelfenbaum G., Morton R.A. Recent storm and tsunami coarse-clast deposit characteristics, southeast Hawai'i. Marine Geology 2011, 283:79-89.
55. Roeber V., Yamazaki Y., Cheung K.F. Resonance and impact of the 2009 Samoa tsunami around Tutuila, American Samoa. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 10.1029/2010GL044419.
56. Scheffers A., Scheffers S., Kelletat D. Paleo-tsunami relics on the southern and central Antillean island arc. Journal of Coastal Research 2005, 21:263-273.
57. Shi S., Dawson A.G., Smith D.E. Geomorphological impact of the Flores tsunami of 12th December, 1992. Tsunami '93, Proc. IUGG/IOC International Tsunami Symposium, Wakayama, Japan 1993, 689-696. August 23 27, 1993.
58. Synolakis C.E., Okal E.A. 1992-2002: perspective on a decade of post-tsunami surveys. Tsunamis: Case Studies and Recent Developments 2005, 1-29. Springer. K. Satake (Ed.).
59. Tanaka N., Nandasena N.A.K., Jinadasa K.B.S.N., Sasaki Y., Tanimoto K., Mowjood M.I.M. Developing effective vegetation bioshield for tsunami protection. Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 2009, 26:163-180.
60. Tong X., Sandwell D., Luttrell K., Brooks B., Bevis M., Shimada M., Foster J., Smalley R., Parra H., Báez Soto J.C., Blanco M., Kendrick E., Genrich J., Caccamise D.J. The 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake: downdip rupture limit revealed by space geodesy. Geophysical Research Letters 2010, 37. 10.1029/2010GL045805.
61. Vaikasas S., Rimkus A. Hydraulic modelling of suspended sediment deposition in an inundated floodplain of the Nemunas Delta. Nordic Hydrology 2003, 34:519-530.
62. Wright C., Mella A. Modifications to the soil patterns of south central Chile resulting from seismic and associated phenomena during the period May to August 1960. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1963, 53:1367-1402.
63. Yamazaki Y., Cheung K.F. Shelf resonance and impact of near-field tsunami generated by the 2010 Chile earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters 2011, 38:L12605. 10.1029/2011GL047508.