Explaining disparities in species richness between Mediterranean floristic regions: A case study in Gladiolus (Iridaceae)

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 881-892

  Valente, Luis M ^a,b   Savolainen, Vincent ^b,c   Manning, John C ^d   Goldblatt, Peter ^e   Vargas, Pablo ^a  

^a CSIC   (Spain)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS   (United Kingdom)

^d SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE   (South Africa)

^e MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN   (United States)

Author keywords

Cape; Diversification rate; Evolutionary hypothesis; Gladiolus; Mediterranean; Phylogeny; Speciation; Temporal hypothesis

Indexed keywords

ANGIOSPERM; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIOME; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; COLONIZATION; HETEROGENEITY; OPTIMIZATION; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYLOGENY; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY); SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS;

MEDITERRANEAN SEA;

GLADIOLUS; IRIDACEAE;

EID: 79960300093     PISSN: 1466822X     EISSN: 14668238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00644.x     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, C.L. & Janssen, T. (2009) Monocots. The timetree of life (ed. by S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar), pp. 203-212. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
2. Clayton, J.W., Soltis, P.S. & Soltis, D.E. (2009) Recent long-distance dispersal overshadows ancient biogeographical patterns in a Pantropical angiosperm family (Simaroubaceae, Sapindales). Systematic Biology, 58, 395-410.
3. Cody, M.L. & Mooney, H.A. (1978) Convergence versus nonconvergence in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 9, 265-321.
4. Cowling, R.M., Rundel, P.W., Lamont, B.B., Arroyo, M.K. & Arianoutsou, M. (1996) Plant diversity in Mediterranean-climate regions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 362-366.
5. Cowling, R.M., Proches, S. & Partridge, T.C. (2009) Explaining the uniqueness of the Cape flora: incorporating geomorphic evolution as a factor for explaining its diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 64-74.
6. Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 214.
7. FitzJohn, R.G., Maddison, W.P. & Otto, S.P. (2009) Estimating trait-dependent speciation and extinction rates from incompletely resolved phylogenies. Systematic Biology, 58, 595-611.
8. Galley, C., Bytebier, B., Bellstedt, D.U. & Peter Linder, H. (2007) The Cape element in the Afrotemperate flora: from Cape to Cairo? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 535-543.
9. Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J. (1998) Gladiolus in southern Africa. Fernwood Press, Cape Town.
10. Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2002) Plant diversity of the Cape region of Southern Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89, 281-302.
11. Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C. & Bernahrdt, P. (2001) Radiation of pollination systems in Gladiolus (Iridaceae:Crocoideae) in southern Africa. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 88, 713-734.
12. Goldblatt, P., Rodriguez, A., Powell, M.P., Davies, T.J., Manning, J.C., van der Bank, M. & Savolainen, V. (2008) Iridaceae 'out of Australasia'? Phylogeny, biogeography, and divergence time based on plastid DNA sequences. Systematic Botany, 33, 495-508.
13. Hamilton, M. (1999) Four primers pairs for the amplification of chloroplast intergenic regions with intraspecific variation. Molecular Ecology, 8, 521-523.
14. Harmon, L.J., Weir, J.T., Brock, C., Glor, R.E. & Challenger, W. (2007) Geiger: investigating evolutionary radiations. Bioinformatics, 24, 129-131.
15. Hollingsworth, P.M., Forrest, L.L., Spouge, J.L. etal. (2009) A DNA barcode for land plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 12794-12797.
16. Johnson, S.D. (2010) The pollination niche and its role in the diversification and maintenance of the southern African flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365, 499-516.
17. Klak, C., Reeves, G. & Hedderson, T. (2004) Unmatched tempo of evolution in southern African semi-desert ice plants. Nature, 427, 63-65.
18. Kreft, H. & Jetz, W. (2007) Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 5925-5930.
19. Linder, H. (2008) Plant species radiations: where, when, why? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363, 3097-3105.
20. McGuire, A.F. & Kron, K.A. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of European and African Ericas. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 166, 311-318.
21. Maddison, W.P., Midford, P.E. & Otto, S.P. (2007) Estimating a binary character's effect on speciation and extinction. Systematic Biology, 56, 701-710.
22. Magallón, S. & Sanderson, M.J. (2001) Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades. Evolution, 55, 1762-1780.
23. Manning, J., Forest, F. & Vinnersten, A. (2007) The genus Colchicum L. redefined to include Androcymbium Willd. based on molecular evidence. Taxon, 57, 872-882.
24. Mittelbach, G.G., Schemske, D.W., Cornell, H.V. etal. (2007) Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography. Ecology Letters, 10, 315-331.
25. Mooney, H.A. & Dunn, E.L. (1969) Convergent evolution of Mediterranean-climate evergreen sclerophyll shrubs. Evolution, 24, 292-303.
26. Moore, B.R. & Donoghue, M.J. (2007) Correlates of diversification in the plant clade Dipsacales: geographic movement and evolutionary innovations. The American Naturalist, 170, S28-S55.
27. van der Niet, T. & Johnson, S.D. (2009) Patterns of plant speciation in the Cape floristic region. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51, 85-93.
28. Posada, D. (2008) jmodeltest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 1253-1256.
29. Pyron, R.A. & Burbrink, F.T. (2009) Can the tropical conservatism hypothesis explain temperate species richness patterns? An inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient in the New World snake tribe Lampropeltini. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18, 406-415.
30. Qian, H. & Ricklefs, R.E. (2000) Large-scale processes and the Asian bias in species diversity of temperate plants. Nature, 407, 180-182.
31. van Raamsdonk, L.W.D. & de Vries, T. (1989) Biosystematic studies in European species of Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 165, 189-198.
32. Rabosky, D.L. (2009) Ecological limits and diversification rate: alternative paradigms to explain the variation in species richness among clades and regions. Ecology Letters, 12, 735-743.
33. Ree, R.H. & Smith, S.A. (2008) Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis. Systematic Biology, 57, 4-14.
34. Ricklefs, R.E. (2006) Global variations in the diversification rate of passerine birds. Ecology, 87, 2468-2478.
35. Ricklefs, R.E. (2009) Speciation, extinction and diversity. Speciation and patterns of diversity (ed. by R. Butlin, J. Bridle and D. Schluter), pp. 257-277. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. Ricklefs, R. & Latham, R.E. (1993) Global patterns of diversity in mangrove floras. Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives (ed. by R. Ricklefs and D. Schluter), pp. 215-229. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
37. Ricklefs, R.E., Schwarzbach, A.E. & Renner, S.S. (2006) Rate of lineage origin explains the diversity anomaly in the world's mangrove vegetation. The American Naturalist, 168, 805-810.
38. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572-1574.
39. Rundell, R. & Price, T. (2009) Adaptive radiation, nonadaptive radiation, ecological speciation and nonecological speciation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24, 394-399.
40. Sauquet, H., Weston, P.H., Anderson, C.L., Barker, N.P., Cantrill, D.J., Mast, A.R. & Savolainen, V. (2009) Contrasted patterns of hyperdiversification in Mediterranean hotspots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106, 221-225.
41. Shaw, J., Lickey, E.B., Schilling, E.E. & Small, R.L. (2007) Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare III. American Journal of Botany, 94, 275-288.
42. Stamatakis, A. (2006) RaxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22, 2688-2690.
43. Stephens, P.R. & Wiens, J.J. (2003) Explaining species richness from continents to communities: the time-for-speciation effect in Emydid turtles. The American Naturalist, 161, 112-128.
44. Svenning, J.-C., Borchsenius, F., Bjorholm, S. & Balslev, H. (2008) High tropical net diversification drives the New World latitudinal gradient in palm (Arecaceae) species richness. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 394-406.
45. Valente, L.M., Reeves, G., Schnitzler, J., Mason, I.P., Fay, M.F., Rebelo, T.G., Chase, M.W. & Barraclough, T.G. (2010a) Diversification of the African genus Protea (Proteaceae) in the Cape biodiversity hotspot and beyond: equal rates in different biomes. Evolution, 64, 745-760.
46. Valente, L.M., Savolainen, V. & Vargas, P. (2010b) Unparalleled rates of species diversification in Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 1489-1496.
47. Wiens, J.J. & Donoghue, M.J. (2004) Historical biogeography, ecology and species richness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 639-644.
48. Wiens, J.J., Sukumaran, J., Pyron, R.A. & Brown, R.M. (2009) Evolutionary and biogeographic origins of high tropical diversity in Old World frogs (Ranidae). Evolution, 63, 1217-1231.
49. Xiang, Q.-Y., Zhang, W.H., Ricklefs, R.E., Qian, H., Chen, Z.D., Wen, J. & Li, J.H. (2004) Regional differences in rates of plant speciation and molecular evolution: a comparison between eastern Asia and eastern north America. Evolution, 58, 2175-2184.