The reciprocity of journalism's social contract: The political-philosophical foundations of journalistic ideology

Journalism Studies

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 874-888

  Sjøvaag, Helle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Journalism; Professional ideology; Reciprocity; Social contract theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960281979     PISSN: 1461670X     EISSN: 14699699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14616701003644044     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. ALTSCHULL, HERBERT J. (1990) From Milton to McLuhan. The ideas behind American journalism, New York: Longman.
2. BAKER, EDWIN C. (2002) Media, Markets, and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. BELL, MARTIN (1996) In Harm's Way. Reflections of a war-zone thug, London: Penguin Books.
4. BELSEY, ANDREW (1998) "Journalism and Ethics: can they co-exist?", in: Matthew Kieran (Ed.), Media Ethics, London: Routledge, pp. 1-15.
5. BOUCHER, DAVID and KELLY, PAUL (Eds) (1994) The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls, London: Routledge.
6. CARLYLE, THOMAS (1841) "On Heroes and Hero Worship and the Heroic in History", Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext97/heros10.txt, accessed 11 November 2007.
7. CARRUTHERS, SUSAN L. (2000) The Media at War. Communication and conflict in the twentieth century, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
8. CHRISTIANS, CLIFFORD G., FERRÉ, JOHN P. and FACKLER, MARK P. (1993) Good News. Social ethics and the press, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. CURRAN, JAMES (2005) "What Democracy Requires of the Media", in: Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (Eds), Institutions of American Democracy. The press, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 120-40.
10. CURRAN, JAMES and SEATON, JEAN (1991) Power Without Responsibility: the press and broadcasting in Britain, 4th edn, London: Routledge.
11. ELLIOTT, DENI (1986) "Foundations for New Media Responsibility", in: Deni Elliott (Ed.), Responsible Journalism, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, pp. 32-44.
12. ENTMAN, ROBERT M. (2005) "The Nature and Sources of News", in: Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (Eds), Institutions of American Democracy. The press, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 48-65.
13. ETTEMA, JAMES S. and GLASSER, THEODORE L. (1998) Custodians of Conscience. Investigative journalism and public virtue, New York: Colombia University Press.
14. FERREE, MYRA MARX, GAMSON, WILLIAM A., GERHARDS, JÜRGEN and RUCHT, DIETER (2002) "Four Models of the Public Sphere in Modern Democracies", Theory and Society 31(3), pp. 289-324.
15. HABERMAS, JÜRGEN (1996) Between Facts and Norms. Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy, London: Polity Press.
16. HALLIN, DANIEL C. and MANCINI, PAOLO (2004) Comparing Media Systems. Three models of media and politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17. HAMMOND, PHILIP (2002) "Moral Combat. Advocacy journalists and the new humanitarianism", in: David Chandler (Ed.), Rethinking Human Rights. Critical approaches to international politics, Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 176-95.
18. HOBBES, THOMAS (1968 [1651]) Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme & Power of a Common-Wealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civill, London: Penguin Books.
19. HOLMES, STEPHEN (1990) "Liberal Constraints on Private Power", in: Judith Lichtenberg (Ed.), Democracy and the Mass Media. A collection of essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21-65.
20. HUME, MICK (2000) "Nazifying the Serbs. From Bosnia to Kosovo", in: Philip Hammond and Edward S. Herman (Eds), Degraded Capability. The media and the Kosovo crisis, London: Pluto Press, pp. 70-8.
21. KANT, IMMANUEL (1990[1793]) "Social Contract as an Idea of Reason", in: Michael Lessnoff (Ed.), Social Contract Theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 124-37.
22. KEANE, JOHN (1991) The Media and Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
23. KIERAN, MATTHEW (1997) Media Ethics: A philosophical approach, Westport, CT: Praeger.
24. KIERAN, MATTHEW (2000) "The Regulatory and Ethical Framework for Investigative Journalism", in: Hugo de Burgh (Ed.), Investigative Journalism. Context and practice, London: Routledge, pp. 156-76.
25. KOVACH, BILL and ROSENSTIEL, TOM (2001) The Elements of Journalism, London: Atlantic Books.
26. LEIGH, ROBERT D. (1947) A Free and Responsible Press. A general report on mass communication: Newspapers, radio, motion pictures, magazines and books, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. LESSNOFF, MICHAEL (Ed.) (1990) Social Contract Theory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
28. LOCKE, JOHN (2005 [1689]) Two Treaties of Government and a Letter Concerning Toleration, Stillwell, KS: Digireads. com Publishing.
29. MARVIN, CAROLYN and MEYER, PHILIP (2005) "What Kind of Journalism Does the Public Need?", in: Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (Eds), Institutions of American Democracy: The press, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 400-11.
30. MCQUAIL, DENIS (2003) Media Accountability and Freedom of Publication, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. MILL, JOHN STUART (1991 [1860]) On Liberty and Other Essays, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. MILTON, JOHN (1999 [1644]) Areopagitica, and Other Political Writings of John Milton, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
33. O'NEILL, ONORA (1990) "Practices of Toleration", in: Judith Lichtenberg (Ed.), Democracy and the Mass Media. A collection of essays, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 155-85.
34. PICARD, ROBERT G. (2005) "Money, Media, and the Public Interest", in: Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (Eds), Institutions of American Democracy. The press, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 337-50.
35. RAAUM, ODD (1999) Pressen er løs! Fronter i journalistenes faglige frigjøring, Oslo: Pax Forlag.
36. ROUSSEAU, JEAN-JACQUES (1998 [1762]) The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right, Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics of World Literature.
37. SCHUDSON, MICHAEL (2008) Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press, Cambridge: Polity.
38. SIEBERT, FRED S., PETERSON, THEODORE and SCHRAMM, WILBUR (1956) Four Theories of the Press: the authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and Soviet communist concepts of what the press should be and do, Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
39. SJØVAAG, HELLE (2005) "Attached or Detached? Subjective methods in war journalism", Master thesis, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen.
40. STREET, JOHN (2001) Mass Media, Politics and Democracy, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
41. STRÖMBÄCK, JESPER (2005) "In Search of a Standard. Four models of democracy and their normative implications for journalism", Journalism Studies 6(3), pp. 331-45.
42. THORBJØRNSRUD, KJERSTI (2009) Journalistenes Valg. Produksjon, interaksjon, iscenesettelse: Møtet mellom journalistikk og politikk i en valgkamp med fokus pa° NRK fjernsynets valgformater, Oslo: University of Oslo.