Improving high-resolution model forecasts of downslope winds in the Las Vegas Valley

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 50, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1324-1340

  Pattantyus, Andre K ^a   Chiao, Sen ^a   Czyzyk, Stanley ^b  

^a FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b National Weather Service   (United States)

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Mesoscale models; Valley mountain flows; Wind

Indexed keywords

DOWNSLOPE; GRID RESOLUTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION MODELS; INVERSION LAYER; LAS VEGAS; LEE WAVES; LOW-LEVEL WINDS; MESOSCALE MODEL; MODEL RESULTS; NEAR-SURFACE; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYERS; SIMULATION RESULT; SURFACE WINDS; TEMPERATURE FORECASTS; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; VALLEY/MOUNTAIN FLOWS; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODELS; WIND EVENTS;

BOUNDARY LAYERS; FROUDE NUMBER; LANDFORMS; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND;

COMPUTER SIMULATION;

AIR TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY LAYER; FROUDE NUMBER; GUST; LEE WAVE; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; NUMERICAL MODEL; SURFACE WIND; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND SHEAR;

LAS VEGAS VALLEY; NEVADA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79960252947     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2011JAMC2586.1     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Chiao, S., 2006: Performance of planetary boundary layer schemes in the WRF model. Proc. 25th Army Science Conf., Orlando, FL, U.S. Army. [Available online at http://my.fit.edu/~schiao/asc_chiao2006.pdf.]
2. Clark, T. L., and R. D. Farley, 1984: Severe downslope windstorm calculations in two and three spatial dimensions using anelastic interactive grid nesting: A possible mechanism for gustiness. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 329-350.
3. Clark, T. L., and W. R. Peltier, 1984: Critical level reflection and the resonant growth of nonlinear mountain waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3122-3124.
4. Clark, T. L., W. D. Hall, and R. M. Banta, 1994: Two- and threedimensional simulations of the 9 January 1989 severe Boulder windstorm: Comparison ith observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2317-2343.
5. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 1998: Windstorms along the western side of the Washington Cascade Mountains. Part I: A highresolution observational and modeling study of the 12 February 1995 event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 28-52.
6. Colman, B., and C. Dierking, 1992: The taku wind of southeast Alaska-Its identification and prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 49-64.
7. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the Winter Monsoon Experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional model. J. Atmos. ci., 46, 3077-3107.
8. Durran, D. R., 1986: Another look at downslope windstorms: The development of analogs to supercritical flow in an infinitely deep, continuously stratified fluid. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2527-2543.
9. Eidsvik, K. H., and T. Utnes, 1997: Flow separation and hydraulic transitions over hills modeled by the Reynolds equations. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 67-68, 403-413.
10. Ek, M. B., and Coauthors, 2003: Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta Model. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8851, doi:10.1029/2002JD003296.
11. Galperin, B., S. Sukoriansky, and V. Perov, 2007: Implementation of the quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE) turbulence model inWRF. The EighthWRF Users' Workshop, Boulder, CO, 22 pp.
12. Grubišić, V., and B. J. Billings, 2007: The intense lee-wave rotor event of Sierra Rotors IOP 8. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4178-4201.
13. Grubišić, V., and I. Stiperski, 2009: Lee-wave resonances over double bellshaped obstacles. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1205-1228.
14. Hertenstein, R. F., 2009: The influence of inversions on rotors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 433-446.
15. Hong, S.-Y., H. M. H. Juang, and Q. Zhao, 1998: Implementation of prognostic cloud scheme for a regional spectral model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 621-2639.
16. Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 318-2341.
17. Janjic, I. Z., 2001: Nonsingular implementation of the Mellor- Yamada level 2.5 scheme in the NCEP Meso Model. National Centers for Environmental rediction Office Note 437, 61 pp.
18. Martin, R., P. Neiman, and T. Keller, 1997: Observations, simulations, and analysis of nonstationary trapped lee waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1308-1333.
19. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875.
20. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, and M. J. Iacono, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 663-16 682.
21. Mobbs, S. D., and Coauthors, 2005: Observations of downslope winds and rotors in the Falkland Islands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 329-351.
22. Sheridan, P. F., and S. B. Vosper, 2006: Numerical simulations of rotors, hydraulic jumps and eddy shedding in the Falkland Islands. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 211-218.
23. Smith, R. B., 1985: On severe downslope winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2597-2603.
24. Smith, R. B., 1989: Hydrostatic airflow over mountains. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 31, Academic Press, 1-41.
25. Sukoriansky, S., B. Galperin, and I. Staroselsky, 2005: A quasinormal scale elimination model of turbulent flows with stable stratification. Phys. Fluids, 7, 85-107.
26. Sukoriansky, S., B. Galperin, and V. Perov, 2006: A quasi-normal scale elimination model of turbulence and its application to stably stratified flows. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 13, 9-22.
27. Vosper, S. B., 2004: Inversion effects on mountain lee waves. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 1723-1748.
28. Whiteman, C. D., 2000: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications. Oxford University Press, 355 pp.
29. Wicker, L. J., and W. C. Skamarock, 2002: Time-splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2088-2097.
30. Wyngaard, J. C., 2004: Toward numerical modeling in the "terra incognita." J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1816-1826.
31. Zangl, G., A. Gohm, and F. Obleitner, 2008: The impact of the PBL scheme and the vertical distribution of model layers on simulations of Alpine foehn. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 99, 105-128.
32. Zhang, K., and Coauthors, 2001: Numerical investigation of boundary-layer evolution and nocturnal low-level jets: Local versus non-local PBL schemes. Environ. Fluid Mech., 1, 171-208.