The role of lymphadenectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Nature Reviews Urology

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 394-401

  Messer, Jamie ^a   Lin, Yu Kuan ^b   Raman, Jay D ^a  

^a PENN STATE MILTON S HERSHEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CISPLATIN;

BLADDER CANCER; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER RISK; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CYSTECTOMY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYDROURETER; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPHADENECTOMY; LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE; NEPHROURETERECTOMY; NOMOGRAM; PELVIS LYMPHADENECTOMY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENCE RISK; REVIEW; TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA; UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; MULTICENTER STUDIES AS TOPIC; PELVIS; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS; UROTHELIUM;

EID: 79960211890     PISSN: 17594812     EISSN: 17594820     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2011.78     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Jemal, A. et al. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J. Clin. 59, 225-249 (2009).
2. Margulis, V. et al. Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. Cancer 115, 1224-1233 (2009).
3. Hall, M. C. et al. Prognostic factors, recurrence, and survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a 30-year experience in 252 patients. Urology 52, 594-601 (1998).
4. Huben, R. P., Mounzer, A. M. & Murphy, G. P. Tumor grade and stage as prognostic variables in upper tract urothelial tumors. Cancer 62, 2016-2020 (1988). (Pubitemid 18261830)
5. Kondo, T. et al. Primary site and incidence of lymph node metastases in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract. Urology 69, 265-269 (2007). (Pubitemid 46274933)
6. Raman, J. D., Messer, J., Sielatycki, J. A. & Hollenbeak, C. S. Incidence and survival of patients with carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in the USA, 1973-2005. BJU Int. 107, 1059-1064 (2011).
7. Roscigno, M. et al. Prognostic value of lymph node dissection in patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Eur. Urol. 53, 794-802 (2008).
8. Brausi, M. A. et al. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLD) in conjunction with nephroureterectomy in the treatment of infiltrative transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract: impact on survival. Eur. Urol. 52, 1414-1418 (2007).
9. Stein, J. P. & Skinner, D. G. The role of lymphadenectomy in high-grade invasive bladder cancer. Urol. Clin. North Am. 32, 187-197 (2005). (Pubitemid 40603293)
10. Novara, G. et al. Independent predictors of cancer-specific survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: multi-institutional dataset from 3 European centers. Cancer 110, 1715-1722 (2007). (Pubitemid 47557295)
11. Melamed, M. R. & Reuter, V. E. Pathology and staging of urothelial tumors of the kidney and ureter. Urol. Clin. North Am. 20, 333-347 (1993). (Pubitemid 23154482)
12. Leissner, J., Hohenfellner, R., Thuroff, J. W. & Wolf, H. K. Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis. BJU Int. 85, 817-823 (2000). (Pubitemid 30242784)
13. Herr, H. W. et al. Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J. Urol. 167, 1295-1298 (2002). (Pubitemid 34132073)
14. Skinner, D. G. Management of invasive bladder cancer: a meticulous pelvic node dissection can make a difference. J. Urol. 128, 34-36 (1982). (Pubitemid 12048751)
15. Lerner, S. P. et al. The rationale for en bloc pelvic lymph node dissection for bladder cancer patients with nodal metastases: long-term results. J. Urol. 149, 758-764 (1993).
16. Stein, J. P., Cai, J., Groshen, S. & Skinner, D. G. Risk factors for patients with pelvic lymph node metastases following radical cystectomy with en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy: concept of lymph node density. J. Urol. 170, 35-41 (2003). (Pubitemid 36734405)
17. Buckley, J. A., Urban, B. A., Soyer, P., Scherrer, A. & Fishman, E. K. Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis: a retrospective look at CT staging with pathologic correlation. Radiology 201, 194-198 (1996). (Pubitemid 26314387)
18. Scolieri, M. J., Paik, M. L., Brown, S. L. & Resnick, M. I. Limitations of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology 56, 930-934 (2000).
19. Puigvert, A. Comments on the book Medecine Operatoire des Voies Urinaires, by J. Albarran [Spanish]. Arch. Esp. Urol. 14, 159-185 (1958).
20. Arancibia, M. F., Bolenz, C., Michel, M. S., Keeley, F. X. Jr & Alken, P. The modern management of upper tract urothelial cancer: surgical treatment. BJU Int. 99, 978-981 (2007). (Pubitemid 46587894)
21. Olgac, S., Mazumdar, M., Dalbagni, G. & Reuter, V. E. Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis: a clinicopathologic study of 130 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 28, 1545-1552 (2004). (Pubitemid 39564958)
22. Bariol, S. V., Stewart, G. D., McNeill, S. A. & Tolley, D. A. Oncological control following laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: 7-year outcome. J. Urol. 172, 1805-1808 (2004). (Pubitemid 39363059)
23. Skinner, D. G. Technique of nephroureterectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Urol. Clin. North Am. 5, 252-260 (1978).
24. Capitanio, U. et al. Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: a multi-institutional analysis of 1,249 cases. Eur. Urol. 56, 1-9 (2009).
25. Waldert, M., Remzi, M., Klingler, H. C., Mueller, L. & Marberger, M. The oncological results of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell cancer are equal to those of open nephroureterectomy. BJU Int. 103, 66-70 (2009).
26. Manabe, D. et al. Comparative study of oncologic outcome of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and standard nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. Urology 69, 457-461 (2007). (Pubitemid 46428386)
27. Busby, J. E., Brown, G. A. & Matin, S. F. Comparing lymphadenectomy during radical nephroureterectomy: open versus laparoscopic. Urology 71, 413-416 (2008). (Pubitemid 351374710)
28. Soderdahl, D. W., Fabrizio, M. D., Rahman, N. U., Jarrett, T. W. & Bagley, D. H. Endoscopic treatment of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Urol. Oncol. 23, 114-122 (2005). (Pubitemid 40616302)
29. Palou, J. et al. Percutaneous nephroscopic management of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: recurrence and long-term followup. J. Urol. 172, 66-69 (2004). (Pubitemid 41615040)
30. Skinner, D. G. et al. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a prospective comparative trial. J. Urol. 145, 459-464 (1991).
31. Stockle, M. et al. Adjuvant polychemotherapy of nonorgan-confined bladder cancer after radical cystectomy revisited: long-term results of a controlled prospective study and further clinical experience. J. Urol. 153, 47-52 (1995). (Pubitemid 24379794)
32. Kurahashi, T. et al. Detection of micrometastases in pelvic lymph nodes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for locally invasive bladder cancer by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR for cytokeratin 19 and uroplakin II. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 3773-3777 (2005). (Pubitemid 40685595)
33. Shariat, S. F. et al. Outcomes of radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary series from the Bladder Cancer Research Consortium. J. Urol. 176, 2414-2422 (2006). (Pubitemid 44755069)
34. Herr, H. W. Extent of surgery and pathology evaluation has an impact on bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy. Urology 61, 105-108 (2003). (Pubitemid 36151723)
35. Keeley, F. X., Kulp, D. A., Bibbo, M., McCue, P. A. & Bagley, D. H. Diagnostic accuracy of ureteroscopic biopsy in upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. J. Urol. 157, 33-37 (1997). (Pubitemid 26414922)
36. Guarnizo, E. et al. Ureteroscopic biopsy of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: improved diagnostic accuracy and histopathological considerations using a multi-biopsy approach. J. Urol. 163, 52-55 (2000).
37. Messer, J. et al. Urinary cytology has a poor performance for predicting invasive or high-grade upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09899.x.
38. Ng, C. K. et al. Does the presence of hydronephrosis on preoperative axial CT imaging predict worse outcomes for patients undergoing nephroureterectomy for upper-tract urothelial carcinoma? Urol. Oncol. 29, 27-32 (2011).
39. Brien, J. C. et al. Preoperative hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic biopsy grade and urinary cytology can improve prediction of advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J. Urol. 184, 69-73 (2010).
40. Margulis, V. et al. Preoperative multivariable prognostic model for prediction of nonorgan confined urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J. Urol. 184, 453-458 (2010).
41. Secin, F. P. et al. Evaluation of regional lymph node dissection in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. Int. J. Urol. 14, 26-32 (2007). (Pubitemid 44952578)
42. Kondo, T. et al. Template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: impact on patient survival. Int. J. Urol. 17, 848-854 (2010).
43. Komatsu, H., Tanabe, N., Kubodera, S., Maezawa, H. & Ueno, A. The role of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J. Urol. 157, 1622-1624 (1997). (Pubitemid 27171738)
44. Miyake, H., Hara, I., Gohji, K., Arakawa, S. & Kamidono, S. The significance of lymphadenectomy in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Br. J. Urol. 82, 494-498 (1998). (Pubitemid 28477288)
45. Lughezzani, G. et al. A critical appraisal of the value of lymph node dissection at nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology 75, 118-124 (2010).
46. Roscigno, M. et al. Assessment of the minimum number of lymph nodes needed to detect lymph node invasion at radical nephroureterectomy in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer. Urology 74, 1070-1074 (2009).
47. Roscigno, M. et al. Impact of lymph node dissection on cancer specific survival in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy. J. Urol. 181, 2482-2489 (2009).
48. Abe, T. et al. The role of lymph-node dissection in the treatment of upper urinary tract cancer: a multi-institutional study. BJU Int. 102, 576-580 (2008).
49. Bolenz, C. et al. Risk stratification of patients with nodal involvement in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: value of lymph-node density. BJU Int. 103, 302-306 (2009).
50. Batata, M. A., Whitmore, W. F., Hilaris, B. S., Tokita, N. & Grabstald, H. Primary carcinoma of the ureter: a prognostic study. Cancer 35, 1626-1632 (1975).
51. McCarron, J. P., Mills, C. & Vaughn, E. D. Jr. Tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter: current concepts and management. Semin. Urol. 1, 75-81 (1983).
52. Akaza, H., Koiso, K. & Niijima, T. Clinical evaluation of urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter based on a new classification system. Cancer 59, 1369-1375 (1987). (Pubitemid 17035487)
53. Abe, T. et al. Role of lymph node dissection in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: multi-institutional relapse analysis and immunohistochemical re-evaluation of negative lymph nodes. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 36, 1085-1091 (2010).
54. Audenet, F., Yates, D. R., Cussenot, O. & Rouprět, M. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-UCC). Urol. Oncol. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.07.016.
55. Grossman, H. B. et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 859-866 (2003). (Pubitemid 37025405)
56. Hellenthal, N. J. et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma: results from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. J. Urol. 182, 900-906 (2009).
57. Matin, S. F. et al. Incidence of downstaging and complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer 116, 3127-3134 (2010).
58. Moussa, S. et al. Outcome of surgical treatment of patients with upper versus lower urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: stage-by-stage comparison. Urol. Int. 84, 50-55 (2010).
59. Okano, T. et al. Regional lymphadenectomy for renal pelvic and ureteral cancers [Japanese]. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 82, 816-820 (1991).
60. Lehmann, J. et al. Surgery for metastatic urothelial carcinoma with curative intent: the German experience (AUO AB 30/05). Eur. Urol. 55, 1293-1299 (2009).
61. Kondo, T. et al. Impact of the extent of regional lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. J. Urol. 178, 1212-1217 (2007). (Pubitemid 47368417)