The realisation of tourism business opportunities adjacent to three national parks in southern Finland: Entrepreneurs and local decision-makers matter

Forest Policy and Economics

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 446-455

  Selby, Ashley ^a   Petäjistö, Leena ^a   Huhtala, Maija ^a  

^a FINNISH FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Business opportunities; Decision makers' commitment to tourism; Entrepreneurial attitudes; Finland; National parks; Nature based tourism

Indexed keywords

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES; DECISION MAKERS; ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDE; FINLAND; NATIONAL PARKS; NATURE-BASED TOURISM;

ECONOMICS; FORESTRY; INDUSTRY;

PARKS;

EID: 79960133912     PISSN: 13899341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Alchian A. Uncertainty, evolution and economic theory. Journal of Political Economy 1950, 58:211-221.
2. Berghäll J. Saaristomeren kansallispuiston luontomatkailun aluetaloudelliset vaikutukset. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja A 2005, 153.
3. Boyd S., Hall C.M. Nature-based tourism in peripheral areas: making peripheral destinations competitive. Nature-based Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Development or Disaster? 2005, Channel View Publications, Clevedon. C.M. Hall, S. Boyd (Eds.).
4. Britton S. Tourism, capital, and place: towards a critical geography of tourism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1991, 9:451-478.
5. Burt R. Structural Holes. The Social Structure of Competition 1995, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
6. Church A. Local and regional tourism policy and power. A Companion to tourism 2004, 555-568. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. A. Lew, C. Hall, A. Williams (Eds.).
7. Cordell H.K., Bergström J.C. Economic growth and interdependence effects of state park visitation in local and state economics. Journal of Leisure Research 1992, 24:253-268.
8. Cox K.R., Mair A. From localised social structures to localities as agents. Environment and Planning A 1991, 23:197-213.
9. Earl P. The Economic Imagination. Towards a Behavioural Analysis of Choice 1983, Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton.
10. Elliott J. Tourism. Politics and Public Sector Management 1997, Routledge, London.
11. Elme A.-L., Vänskä T. Luontomatkailukohteen kehittäminen kävijätutkimuksen avulla. Case: Linnansaaren kansallipuiston kävijätutkimus 1999. Study report 1999, Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.
12. Getz D. Models in tourism planning. Towards integration of theory and practice. Tourism Management 1986, 7(1):21-32.
13. Granovetter M. The strength of weak ties. The American Journal of Sociology 1983, 78(6):1360-1380.
14. Hall C., Jenkins J. Tourism and public policy. A Companion to tourism 2004, 525-540. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. A. Lew, C. Hall, A. Williams (Eds.).
15. Haywood K.M. Respsonsible and responsive tourism planning in the community. Tourism Management 1988, 9(2):105-118.
16. State of the Parks in Finland. Finnish Protected Areas and Their Management from 2000 to 2005. Nature Protection Publications of Metsähallitus. Series A 2007, 170. M. Heinonen (Ed.).
17. Hemmilä T. Repoveden kansallispuiston kävijätutkimus 2007. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja B 2008, 101.
18. Huhtala M. Assessment of the local economic impacts of national park tourism: the case of Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park. Forest, Snow and Landscape Research 2007, 81:223-238.
19. Huhtala M., Kajala L., Vatanen E. Local economic impacts of national park visitors' spending: the development process of an estimation method. Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 2010, 149.
20. Huovari J., Kangasharju A., Alanen A. Constructing an index for regional competitiveness. Pellervo Economic Research Insitute Working Papers 44 (Retrieved 9.3.2011 from). http://www.ptt.fi/dokumentit/tp44_10080608.pdf.
21. Jennings P., Beaver G. The performance and competitive advantage of small firms: a management perspective. International Small Business Journal 1997, 15:63-75.
22. Johannisson B. Entrepreneurship and Creativity-on Dynamic Environments for Small Business 1987, Växjö University, Växjö.
23. Johannisson B. Community Entrepreneurship-Leadership for Local Economic Development 1989, Växjö University, Växjö.
24. Julien P.-A., Joyal A., Deshaies L., Ramangalahy C. A Typology of strategic behaviour among small and medium-sized exporting businesses. A case study. International Small Business Journal 1997, 15(2):33-49.
25. Kangasharju A., Hyrsky K. Entrepreneurship and innovation inclinations in the Finnish countryside. Pellervo Economic Research Institute Working Papers 9 (Retreived 9.3.2011 from). http://www.ptt.fi/dokumentit/tp9_10080610.pdf.
26. Kauppila P. Matkailu ja aluetalous-työkaluja matkailun taloudellisten vaikutusten mittaamiseen ja arviointiin. Nordia Tiedonantoja 1999, 2(1999):115-163.
27. Kinsella J., Wilson S., de Jong F., Renting H. Pluriactivity as a livelihood strategy in Irish farm households and its role in rurla development. Sociologia Ruralis 2000, 40:481-496.
28. Kirton M.J. Adaptors and innovators: a description and measure. The Journal of Applied Psychology 1976, 61(59):622-629.
29. Komppula R. Success and growth in rural tourism micro-businesses in Finland-financial or lifetyle objectives. Small Firms in Tourism Research 2004, 115-138. Elsevier, Oxford. R. Thomas (Ed.).
30. Lankford S.V. Attitudes and perceptions towards tourism and rural regional development. Journal of Travel Research. 1994, Winter 1994:35-43.
31. Leff H.L., Gordon L.R., Ferguson J.G. Cognitive set and environmental awareness. Environment and Behavior 1974, 6:395-447.
32. Long P., Nuckolls J. Organising resources for rural tourism development: the importance of leadership, planning and technical assistance. Tourism Recreation Research 1994, 19:19-34.
33. McEvily B., Zaheer A. Bridging ties: a source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 1999, 20:1133-1156.
34. McGuire J.W. Theories of Business Behaviour 1964, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
35. Metsähallitus Repoveden kansallispuiston ja Aarnikotkan metsän luonnonsuojelualueen hoito- ja käyttösuunnitelma. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisu 2004, B 75.
36. Metsähallitus Seitsemisen suojelualuekokonaisuuden hoito- ja käyttösuunnitelma. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja Sarja 2009, C 51.
37. Metsähallitus The local economic impacts of national parks in Finland (In Finnish) (Retrieved April 19, 2010 from). http://www.metsa.fi/sivustot/metsa/fi/Eraasiatjaretkeily/Virkistyskaytonsuunnittelu/suojelualueidenmerkityspaikallistaloudelle/Documents/Kokonaisvaikutukset_2009.xls.
38. Metsähallitus Number of visits in national parks (in Finnish) (Retrieved March 10, 2010, from). http://www.metsa.fi/sivustot/metsa/fi/Eraasiatjaretkeily/Asiakastieto/Kayntimaarat/Kansallispuistoittain/Sivut/kayntimaaratkansallispuistoittain2009.aspx.
39. Muir R., Paddison R. Politics, Geography and Behaviour 1981, Methuen, London.
40. Murphy P.E. Perceptions and attitudes of decision-making groups in tourist centres. Journal of Travel Research 1983, 1983:8-12. (Winter).
41. Mustakangas E., Kiviniemi M., Vihinen H. Kunta maaseudun kehittämisessä-maaseutu kunnan kehittämisessä. maa- ja elintarviketalous 2004, 57.
42. Myrdal G. Economic theory and under-developed regions 1957, Duckworth, London.
43. Neuvonen M., Pouta E., Puustinen J., Sievänen T. Visits to national parks: effects of park characteristics and spatial demand. Journal for Nature Conservation 2010, 2010:1-6.
44. Niittykangas H., Storhammar E., Tervo H. Yrittäjyys ja yritysten synty paikallisissa toimintaympäristöissä. Jyväskylän yliopisto Keski-Suomen Taloudellinen Tutkimuskeskus 1994, 132. Julkaisu.
45. Oosterhaven J., van der Knijff E.C. On the economic impacts of recreation and tourism: the input-output approach. Built Environment 1988, 13:96-108.
46. Petäjistö L., Selby A. Kansallispuisto kunnan matkailukohteena: paikkakunnan avainhenkilöiden näkemys kolmen eri kansallispuiston merkityksestä lähialueelle (Retrieved March 10, 2010 from). http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2009/mwp106.htm.
47. Peura P., Inkinen M. Lauhanvuoren ja Seitsemisen kansallispuistojen kävijät ja käyttö kesällä 1993. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja 1994, A 30.
48. Pickvance C.G. Introduction: the institutional context of local economic development: central controls, spatial policies and local economic policies. Place, Policy and Politics. Do localities Matter? 1990, 1-41. Unwin Hyman, London. M. Harloe, C.G. Pickvance, J. Urry (Eds.).
49. Pickvance C.G. Council economic intervention and political conflict in a declining resort: the Isle of Thanet. Place, Policy and Politics. Do localities matter? 1990, 165-186. Unwin Hyman, London. M. Harloe, C.G. Pickvance, J. Urry (Eds.).
50. Pred A. Behavior and location, Part 1. Lund Studies in Geography, Series B 1967, 27.
51. Pred A. Place as historically contingent process: structuration and the time-geography of becoming places. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1984, 74:279-297.
52. Pulkkinen S., Valta V. Linnansaaren kansallispuiston kävijätutkimus 2006. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja 2008, B 86.
53. Puustinen J., Pouta E., Neuvonen M., Sievänen T. Visits to national parks and the provision of natural and man-made recreation and tourism resources. Journal of Ecotourism 2009, 8(1):18-31.
54. Rämet J., Kauppila P., Saarinen J. Paikallisväestö ja matkailu: kaupungin-/kunnanvaltuutettujen ja johtavien viranhaltijoiden asennoituminen matkailuun Koillis-Suomessa. Naturpolis Kuusamo. Tutkimuksia 3/2003 2003.
55. Saarinen J. The transformation of a tourist destination-theory and case studies on the production of local geographies in tourism in Finnish Lapland 2001, 30. Nordia Geographic Publications.
56. Saarinen J. The regional economic of tourism in Northern Finland: the socioeconomic implications of recent tourism development and future possibilities. Scandinavian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 2003, 3:91-113.
57. Saarinen J. Destination in change. The transformation process of rural destinations. Tourist studies 2004, 4(2):161-179.
58. Saarinen J., Kask T. Transforming tourist spaces in changing socio-political contexts: the case of Pärnu, Estonia, as a tourist destination. Tourism Geographies 2008, 10(4):452-473.
59. Selby A. On the operationalisation of Pred's behavioural matrix. Geogrfiska Annaler 1987, 69B:81-90.
60. Selby A. An exploratory investigation of entrepreneurial space: the case of small sawmills, North Karelia, Finland. Acta Forestalia Fennica 1989, 205.
61. Selby A., Petäjistö L. Small sawmills as enterprises: a behavioural investigation of development potential. Acta Forestalia Fennica 1992, 228.
62. Selby A., Sievänen T., Neuvonen M., Petäjistö L., Pouta E., Puustinen J. Kansallispuistoverkoston matkailullinen luokittelu. Metlan työraportteja/Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 61 (41 p. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from). http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2007/mwp061.htm.
63. Shane S. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship 2003, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
64. Tourism and development. Concepts and Issues 2002, Channel View Publications, Cleveland. R. Sharpley, D.J. Telfer (Eds.).
65. Shaw G. Entrepreneurial cultures and small business enterprises in tourism. A Companion to tourism 2004, 122-134. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. A. Lew, C. Hall, A. Williams (Eds.).
66. Simon H.H. Models of Man 1957, Wiley, New York.
67. Simon H.A. Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioural science. The American Economic Review 1959, 69:253-283.
68. Singh R.P. Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition through Social Networks 2000, Garland Publishing, New York.
69. Spilling O.R. Entrepreneurship in a cultural perspective. Entrepreneurship and regional development 1991, 3:33-48.
70. Stynes D.J., Probst D.P., Chang W.-H., Sun Y.Y. Estimating national park visitors spending and economic impacts: the MGM2 model 2000, Michigan State University, (Retrieved March 11, 2010 from). http://web4.canr.msu.edu/MGM2/MGM2.pdf.
71. Tervo H., Haapanen M. Gender differences in self-employment in Finnish regions. Paper to the 46th Congress of the European Regional Association, Volos 2006 (Retreived 9.3.2011 from). http://sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa06/papers/380.pdf.
72. Timothy D.J. Tourism and community development issues. Concepts and Issues 2002, 149-163. Channel View Publications, Cleveland. R. Sharpley, D.J. Telfer (Eds.).
73. Tunturi K. Seitsemisen kansallispuiston kävijätutkimus 2006-2007. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja 2008, B 95.
74. Tunturi K. Seitseminen ja Helvetinjärven kansallispuistojen yritystutkimus 2006. Metsähallituksen luonnonsuojelujulkaisuja 2008, B 96.
75. Urry J. Conclusion: places and policies. Place, Policy and Politics. Do Localities Matter? 1990, 187-204. Unwin Hyman, London. M. Harloe, C.G. Pickvance, J. Urry (Eds.).
76. Valtioneuvosto Maaseutu ja hyvinvoiva Suomi. Valtioneuvoston maaseutu- poliittinen Selonteko eduskunnalle 2009, (VNS 5/2009 vp).
77. Walle A.H. Tourism and the internet: opportunities for direct marketing. Journal of Travel Research 1996, 35(1):72-77.
78. Wynne C., Berthon P., Pitt L., Ewing M., Napoli J. The impact of the internet on the distribution value chain. The case of the South African tourism industry. International Marketing Review 2001, 18(4):420-431.