Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a single session

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1586-1591

  O'Hora, John ^a   Cartwright, Abigail ^a   Wade, Clive D ^a   Hough, Alan D ^a   Shum, Gary L K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Flexibility; Knee; PNF; Range of motion

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; KNEE; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PROPRIOCEPTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STRETCHING EXERCISE; THIGH;

FEMALE; HUMANS; KNEE; MALE; MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; PROPRIOCEPTION; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; THIGH; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960107965     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7f98     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Anderson, B and Burke, ER. Scientific, medical, and practical aspects of stretching. Clin Sports Med 10: 63-86, 1991.
2. Bandy, WD, Irion, JM, and Briggler, M. The effect of time and frequency of static stretching on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys Ther 77: 1090-1096, 1997. (Pubitemid 27419473)
3. Bonnar, BP, Deivert, RG, and Gould, TE. The relationship between isometric contraction durations during hold-relax stretching and improvement of hamstring flexibility. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 44: 258-261, 2004. (Pubitemid 40022181)
4. Chalmers, G. Re-examination of the possible role of Golgi tendon organ and muscle spindle reflexes in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation muscle stretching. Sports Biomech 3: 159-183, 2004.
5. Chan, SP, Hong, Y, and Robinson, PD. Flexibility and passive resistance of the hamstrings of young adults using two different static stretching protocols. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11: 81-86, 2001. (Pubitemid 33644824)
6. Davis, DS, Ashby, PE, McCale, KL, McQuain, JA, andWine, JM. The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. J Strength Cond Res 19: 27-32, 2005. (Pubitemid 40417250)
7. Doherty, TJ, Vandervoort, AA, and Brown, WF. Effects of ageing on the motor unit: a brief review. Can J Appl Physiol 18: 331-358, 1993.
8. Fasen, JM, O'Connor, AM, Schwartz, SL, Watson, JO, Plastaras, CT, Garvan, CW, Bulcao, C, Johnson, SC, and Akuthota, V. A randomized controlled trial of hamstring stretching: Comparison of four techniques. J Strength Cond Res 23: 660-667, 2009.
9. Feland, J, Myrer, J, and Merrill, R. Acute changes in hamstring flexibility: PNF versus static stretch in senior athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2: 186-193, 2001. (Pubitemid 33077174)
10. Ferber, R, Osternig, L, and Gravelle, D. Effect of PNF stretch techniques on knee flexor muscle EMG activity in older adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 12: 391-397, 2002. (Pubitemid 35291941)
11. Ford, P and McChesney, J. Duration of maintained hamstring ROM following termination of three stretching protocols. J Sport Rehabil 16: 18-27, 2007.
12. Franklin, BA, Whaley, MH, Howley, ET, Balady, GJ, andAmericanCollege of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2000.
13. Gabbett, TJ. Incidence of injury in junior and senior rugby league players. Sports Med 34: 849-859, 2004. (Pubitemid 39452210)
14. Haff, G. Roundtable discussion: Flexibility training. Strength Cond J 28: 64-85, 2006. (Pubitemid 43691392)
15. Halbertsma, JP, Mulder, I, Goeken, LN, and Eisma, WH.Repeated passive stretching:Acute effect on the passive musclemoment and extensibility of short hamstrings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80: 407-414, 1999. (Pubitemid 29171954)
16. Kearns, CF, Isokawa, M, and Abe, T. Architectural characteristics of dominant leg muscles in junior soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol 85: 240-243, 2001. (Pubitemid 32755651)
17. Kovanen, V and Suominen, H. Age- and training-related changes in the collagen metabolism of rat skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 58: 765-771, 1989. (Pubitemid 19142208)
18. Lexell, J. Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 50: 11-16, 1995.
19. Magnusson, SP, Aagard, P, Simonsen, E, and Bojsen-Moller, F. A biomechanical evaluation of cyclic and static stretch in human skeletal muscle. Int J Sports Med 19: 310-316, 1998. (Pubitemid 28383320)
20. Magnusson, SP, Simonsen, EB, Aagaard, P, Dyhre-Poulsen, P, McHugh, MP, and Kjaer, M. Mechanical and physiological responses to stretching with and without preisometric contraction in human skeletal muscle. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77: 373-378, 1996. (Pubitemid 26111754)
21. Marek, SM, Cramer, JT, Fincher, AL, Massey, LL, Dangelmaier, SM, Purkayastha, S, Fitz, KA, and Culbertson, JY. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. J Athl Train 40: 94-103, 2005. (Pubitemid 40800012)
22. Nordez, A, Cornu, C, and McNair, P. Acute effects of static stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles calculated using different mathematical models. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 21: 755-760, 2006. (Pubitemid 43977791)
23. Orchard, J, Best, TM, and Verrall, GM. Return to play following muscle strains. Clin J Sport Med 15: 436-441, 2005. (Pubitemid 41682223)
24. Peterson, L, Renström, P, and NetLibrary Inc. Sports Injuries their Prevention and Treatment (3rd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Martin Dunitz, 2001. pp. 534.
25. Rahnama, N, Reilly, T, and Lees, A. Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer. Br J Sports Med 36: 354-359, 2002. (Pubitemid 35176944)
26. Rogers, MA and Evans, WJ. Changes in skeletal muscle with aging: Effects of exercise training. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 21: 65-102, 1993.
27. Schuback, B, Hooper, J, and Salisbury, L. A comparison of a selfstretch incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation components and a therapist-applied PNF-technique on hamstring flexibility. Physiotherapy 90: 151-157, 2004. (Pubitemid 39247965)
28. Spernoga, SG, Uhl, TL, Arnold, BL, and Gansneder, BM. Duration of maintained hamstring flexibility after a one-time, modified holdrelax stretching protocol. J Athl Train 36: 44-48, 2001. (Pubitemid 33691199)
29. Thacker, SB, Gilchrist, J, Stroup, DF, and Kimsey, CD Jr. The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of the literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36: 371-378, 2004. (Pubitemid 38298687)
30. Weng, MC, Lee, CL, Chen, CH, Hsu, JJ, Lee, WD, Huang, MH, and Chen, TW. Effects of different stretching techniques on the outcomes of isokinetic exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 25: 306-315, 2009.
31. Whatman, C, Knappsteina, A, and Hume, P. Acute changes in passive stiffness and range of motion post-stretching. Phys Ther Sport 7: 195-200, 2006. (Pubitemid 44660870)
32. Worrell, TW and Perrin, DH. Hamstring muscle injury: The influence of strength, flexibility, warm-up, and fatigue. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 16: 12-18, 1992.