Mechanical and geometric controls on the structural evolution of pit crater and caldera subsidence

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 116, Issue 7, 2011, Pages

  Holohan, E P ^a   Schopfer M P J ^a   Walsh, J J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALDERA; CRATER; DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD; FRACTURE INITIATION; HOST ROCK; NUMERICAL MODEL; SHEAR STRENGTH; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY; SUBSIDENCE; TENSILE STRENGTH; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; VOLCANOLOGY; YOUNG MODULUS;

CHUBU; DOLOMIEU CRATER; ECUADOR; FERNANDINA; GALAPAGOS ISLANDS; HONSHU; IZU ISLANDS; JAPAN; MASAYA; MASCARENE ISLANDS; MIYAKEJIMA; NICARAGUA; NINDIRI; REUNION; SHIZUOKA [CHUBU];

EID: 79960095879     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JB008032     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Acocella, V., R. Funiciello, E. Marotta, G. Orsi, and S. de Vita (2004), The role of extensional structures on experimental calderas and resurgence, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 129, 199-217, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00240-3. (Pubitemid 37502840)
2. Afrouz, A. (1975), Floor behaviour along longwall roadways, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 12, 229-240, doi:10.1016/0148-9062(75)91403-5.
3. Alassi, H. T. I., L. Liming, and R. M. Holt (2006), Discrete element modeling of stress and strain evolution within and outside a depleting reservoir, Pure Appl. Geophys., 163, 1131-1151, doi:10.1007/s00024-006-0067-5. (Pubitemid 43880890)
4. Anderson, E. M. (1936), The dynamics of the formation ofcone-sheets, ring-dykes, and cauldron-subsidences, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh, 56, 128-157.
5. Apuani, T., C. Corazzato, A. Cancelli, and A. Tibaldi (2005), Physical and mechanical properties ofrock masses at Stromboli: A dataset for volcano instability evaluation,Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 64, 419-431, doi:10.1007/s10064-005-0007-0. (Pubitemid 41754633)
6. Branney, M. J. (1995), Downsag and extension at calderas: New perspectives on collapse geometries from ice-melt, mining, and volcanic subsidence, Bull. Volcanol., 57, 303-318. (Pubitemid 27001302)
7. Burchardt, S., and T. R. Walter (2010), Propagation, linkage, and interaction of caldera ring-faults: Comparison between analogue experiments and caldera collapse at Miyakejima, Japan, in 2000, Bull. Volcanol., 72, 297-308, doi:10.1007/s00445-009-0321-7.
8. Burov, E. B., and L. Guillou-Frottier (1999), Thermomechanical behavior oflarge ash flow calderas, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23,081-23,109, doi:10.1029/1999JB900227.
9. Byerlee, J. (1978), Friction ofrocks, PureAppl. Geophys., 116, 615-626, doi:10.1007/BF00876528.
10. Cho, N., C. D. Martin, and D. C. Sego (2007), A clumped particle model for rock, Int. J. RockMech. Min. Sci., 44, 997-1010, doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007. 02.002. (Pubitemid 47079924)
11. Cole, J. W., D. M. Milner, and K. D. Spinks (2005), Calderas and caldera structures: A review, Earth Sci. Rev., 69, 1-26, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev. 2004.06.004. (Pubitemid 40077578)
12. Cundall, P. A., and R. D. Hart (1992), Numerical modelling of discontinua, Eng. Comput., 9, 101-113, doi:10.1108/eb023851.
13. Druitt, T. H., and R. S. J. Sparks (1984), On the formation of calderas during ignimbrite eruptions, Nature, 310, 679-681, doi:10.1038/310679a0.
14. Filson, J., T. Simkin, and L. Leu (1973), Seismicity of a caldera collapse: Galapagos Islands 1968, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 8591-8622, doi:10.1029/JB078i035p08591.
15. Folch, A., and J. Marti (2004), Geometrical and mechanical constraints on the formation of ring-fault calderas, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 215-225, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00101-3. (Pubitemid 38554967)
16. Geist, D., W. Chadwick, and D. Johnson (2006), Results from new GPS and gravity monitoring networks at Fernandina and Sierra Negra Volcanoes, Galápagos, 2000-2002, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 150, 79-97, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.003. (Pubitemid 43173902)
17. Geshi, N., T. Shimano, T. Chiba, and S. Nakada (2002), Caldera collapse during the 2000 eruption of Miyakejima Volcano, Japan, Bull. Volcanol., 64, 55-68, doi:10.1007/s00445-001-0184-z. (Pubitemid 34254158)
18. Geyer, A., A. Folch, and J. Marti (2006), Relationship between caldera collapse and magma chamber withdrawal; an experimental approach, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 157, 375-386, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.05.001. (Pubitemid 44340887)
19. Gudmundsson, A., J. Marti, and E. Turon (1997), Stress fields generating ring faults in volcanoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1559-1562, doi:10.1029/97GL01494.
20. Hardy, S. (2008), Structural evolution of calderas: Insights from two-dimensional discrete element simulations, Geology, 36, 927-930, doi:10.1130/G25133A.1.
21. Harris, A. J. L. (2009), The pit-craters and pit-crater-filling lavas of Masaya volcano, Bull. Volcanol., 71, 541-558, doi:10.1007/s00445-008-0241-y.
22. Holohan, E. P., V. R. Troll, B. Van Wyk de Vries, J. J. Walsh, and T. R. Walter (2008a), Unzipping Long Valley: An explanation for vent migration during an elliptical ring fracture eruption, Geology, 36, 323-326, doi:10.1130/G24329A. 1. (Pubitemid 351753230)
23. Holohan, E. P., B. Van Wyk de Vries, and V. R. Troll (2008b), Analogue models of caldera collapse in strike-slip tectonic regimes, Bull. Volcanol., 70, 773-796, doi:10.1007/s00445-007-0166-x.
24. Holohan, E. P., V. R. Troll, M. Errington, C. H. Donaldson, G. R. Nicoll, and C. H. Emeleus (2009), The Southern Mountains Zone, Isle of Rum, Scotland: Volcano-sedimentary processes upon an uplifted and subsided magma chamber roof, Geol. Mag., 146, 400-418, doi:10.1017/S0016756808005876.
25. Howard, K. A. (2010), Caldera collapse: Perspectives from comparing Galápagos volcanoes, nuclear-test sinks, sandbox models, and volcanoes on Mars, GSA Today, 20, 4-10, doi:10.1130/GSATG82A.1.
26. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. (2004), Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimensions (Version 3.1), Minneapolis, Minn.
27. Jaeger, J. C., N. G. W. Cook, and R. W. Zimmerman (2007), Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, 475 pp., Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
28. Jones, R. H., and R. C. Stewart (1997), A method for determining significant structures in a cloud ofearthquakes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8245-8254, doi:10.1029/96JB03739.
29. Kennedy, B., J. Stix, J. W. Vallance, Y. Lavallée, and M.-A. Longpré (2004), Controls on caldera structure: Results from analogue sandbox modeling, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 116, 515-524, doi:10.1130/B25228.1. (Pubitemid 38653079)
30. Komuro, H. (1987), Experiments on cauldron formation: A polygonal cauldron and ring fractures, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 31, 139-149, doi:10.1016/0377-0273(87)90011-4.
31. Kueppers, U., B. Scheu, O. Spieler, and D. B. Dingwell (2005), Fieldbased density measurements as tool to identify pre-eruption dome structure: Set-up and first results from Unzen volcano, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 141, 65-75, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.09.005. (Pubitemid 40205395)
32. Kumagai, H., T. Ohminato, M. Nakano, M. Ooi, A. Kubo, H. Inoue, and J. Oikawa (2001), Very-long-period seismic signals and caldera formation at Miyake Island, Japan, Science, 293, 687-690, doi:10.1126/science.1062136. (Pubitemid 32728669)
33. Lavallée, Y., J. Stix, B. Kennedy, M. Richer, and M.-A. Longpré (2004), Caldera subsidence in areas of variable topographic relief: Results from analogue modelling, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 129, 219-236, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00241-5. (Pubitemid 37502841)
34. Lipman, P. W. (1997), Subsidence ofash-flow calderas; relation to caldera size and magma-chamber geometry, Bull. Volcanol., 59, 198-218, doi:10.1007/s004450050186.
35. Lockner, D. A. (1995), Rock failure, inRockPhysics andPhaseRelations: A Handbook ofPhysical Constants, edited by T. J. Ahrens, pp. 127-147, AGU, Washington, D. C.
36. Michon, L., T. Staudacher, V. Ferrazzini, P. Bachèlery, and J. Marti (2007), April 2007 collapse of Piton de la Fournaise: A new example of caldera formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L21301, doi:10.1029/2007GL031248. (Pubitemid 351149065)
37. Michon, L., N. Villeneuve, T. Catry, and O. Merle (2009), How summit calderas collapse on basaltic volcanoes: New insights from the April 2007 caldera collapse of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 184, 138-151, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.003.
38. Moore, I., and P. Kokelaar (1998), Tectonically controlled piecemeal caldera collapse: A case study of Glencoe Volcano, Scotland, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 110, 1448-1466, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1998)1102.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 29085733)
39. Moore, J. G. (2001), Density of basalt core from Hilo drill hole, Hawaii,J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 112, 221-230,doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(01) 00242-6. (Pubitemid 34089008)
40. Morgan, J. K. (2004), Particle dynamics simulations of rate- and state-dependent frictional sliding of granular fault gouge, Pure Appl. Geophys., 161, 1877-1891, doi:10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y. (Pubitemid 39174538)
41. Mouginis-Mark, P. J., and M. S. Robinson (1992), Evolution of the Olympus Mons caldera, Mars, Bull. Volcanol., 54, 347-360, doi:10.1007/BF00312318. (Pubitemid 23385221)
42. Newhall, C. G., and D. Dzurisin (1988). Historical unrest at large calderas of the world, U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1855, 1-1108.
43. Nicol, A., J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, and J. R. Underhill (1997), Displacement rates ofnormal faults, Nature, 390, 157-159, doi:10.1038/36548. (Pubitemid 27507981)
44. O'Connor, K. M., and C. H. Dowding (1992), Distinct element modeling and analysis ofmining-induced subsidence, RockMech. RockEng., 25, 1-24, doi:10.1007/BF01041873.
45. Okubo, C. H., and S. J. Martel (1998), Pit crater formation on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii,J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 86, 1-18, doi:10.1016/S0377- 0273(98)00070-5. (Pubitemid 29070548)
46. Paterson, M. S., and T.-F. Wong (2005), Experimental Rock Deformation-The Brittle Field, 2nd ed., 348 pp., Springer, Berlin.
47. Peltier, A., T. Staudacher, and P. Bachèlery (2007), Constraints on magma transfers and structures involved in the 2003 activity at Piton de La Fournaise from displacement data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B03207, doi:10.1029/2006JB004379. (Pubitemid 47386337)
48. Pinel, V., and C. Jaupart (2005), Caldera formation by magma withdrawal from a reservoir beneath a volcanic edifice, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 230, 273-287, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.11.016.
49. Plescia, J. B., and M. P. Golombek (1986), Origin ofplanetary wrinkleridges based on the study ofterrestrial analogs, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 1289-1299, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1986)972.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 17479898)
50. Pollard, D. D., and R. C. Fletcher (2005), Fundamentals of Structural Geology, 512 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
51. Potyondy, D. O., and P. A. Cundall (2004), A bonded-particle model for rock, Int. J. RockMech. Min. Sci., 41, 1329-1364, doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09. 011. (Pubitemid 39615643)
52. Roche, O., and T. H. Druitt (2001), Onset of caldera collapse during ignimbrite eruptions, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 191, 191-202, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00428-9. (Pubitemid 32974625)
53. Roche, O.,T.H. Druitt, and O. Merle (2000), Experimental study of caldera formation,J. Geophys. Res., 105, 395-416, doi:10.1029/1999JB900298.
54. Roche, O., B. van Wyk de Vries, and T. H. Druitt (2001), Sub-surface structures and collapse mechanisms of summit pit craters, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 105, 1-18, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00248-1. (Pubitemid 32218032)
55. Rymer, H., B. van Wyk de Vries, J. Stix, and G. Williams-Jones (1998), Pit crater structure and processes governing persistent activity at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, Bull. Volcanol., 59, 345-355, doi:10.1007/s004450050196.
56. Sakuma, S., T. Kajiwara, S. Nakada, K. Uto, and H. Shimizu (2008), Drilling and logging results of USDP-4-Penetration into the volcanic conduit of Unzen Volcano, Japan, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 175, 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.039.
57. Schöpfer, M. P. J., C. Childs, and J. J. Walsh (2007), Two-dimensional distinct element modeling of the structure and growth of normal faults in multilayer sequences: 1. Model calibration, boundary conditions, and selected results, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B10401, doi:10.1029/2006JB004902. (Pubitemid 350286444)
58. Schöpfer, M. P. J., S. Abe, C. Childs, and J. J. Walsh (2009), The impact of porosity and crack density on the elasticity, strength and friction of cohesive granular materials: Insights from DEM modelling, Int. J. RockMech. Min. Sci., 46, 250-261, doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.03.009.
59. Schultz, R. A. (1996), Relative scale and the strength and deformability of rock masses, J. Struct. Geol., 18, 1139-1149, doi:10.1016/0191-8141 (96)00045-4.
60. Sheorey, P. R., and R. K. Dunham (1978), An approximate analysis of floor heave occurring in roadways behind advancing longwall faces, Int. J. RockMech. Min. Sci., 15, 277-288, doi:10.1016/0148-9062(78)91468-7. (Pubitemid 9440020)
61. Simkin, T., and K. A. Howard (1970), Caldera collapse in the Galápagos Islands, 1968, Science, 169, 429-437, doi:10.1126/science.169. 3944.429.
62. Staudacher, T., V. Ferrazzini, A. Peltier, P. Kowalski, P. Boissier, P. Catherine, F. Lauret, and F. Massin (2009), The April 2007 eruption and the Dolomieu crater collapse, two major events at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 184, 126-137, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.005.
63. Stix, J., and T. Kobayashi (2008), Magma dynamics and collapse mechanisms during four historic caldera-forming events, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B09205, doi:10.1029/2007JB005073.
64. Timoshenko, S., and S. Woinowsky-Krieger (1959), Theory of Plates and Shells, 580 pp., McGraw-Hill, London.
65. Villard, P., B. Chevalier, B. Lehello, and G. Combe (2009), Coupling between finite and discrete element methods for the modelling of earth structures reinforced by geosynthetic, Comput. Geotech., 36, 709-717, doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.11.005.
66. Walker, G. P. L. (1984), Downsag calderas, ring-faults, caldera sizes, and incremental caldera growth, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 8407-8416, doi:10.1029/JB089iB10p08407.
67. Whittaker, B. N., and D. Reddish (1989), Subsidence: Occurrence, Prediction and Control, Dev. in Geotech. Eng., vol. 56, 528 pp., Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
68. Wilson, C. J. N., and W. H. Hildreth (1997), The Bishop Tuff: New insights from eruptive stratigraphy, J. Geol., 105, 407-440, doi:10.1086/515937.