Responsible self-medication: Perceived risks and benefits of over-the-counter analgesic use

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 236-245

  Stosic, Rodney ^a   Dunagan, Fiona ^a   Palmer, Hazel ^b   Fowler, Trafford ^c,d   Adams, Ian ^a  

^a GLAXOSMITHKLINE   (Australia)

^b Scius Solutions Pty Ltd   (Australia)

^c Formerly Of: the Leading Edge   (Australia)

^d FiftyFive5   (Australia)

Author keywords

over the counter; paracetamol; self medication; suitability

Indexed keywords

NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; AWARENESS; CONSUMER; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG INTERACTION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SELF MEDICATION; SELF REPORT;

ACETAMINOPHEN; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ANALGESICS, NON-NARCOTIC; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; AUSTRALIA; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS; SELF MEDICATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79960080620     PISSN: 09617671     EISSN: 20427174     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00097.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Association of the European Self-Medication Industry. The Economic and Public Health Value of Self-Medication. 2004. (accessed 3 August 2010).
2. The Nielsen Company. The Changing Landscape: a Multi-Country Study Undertaken for AESGP. 2009. (accessed 3 August 2010).
3. Association of the European Self-Medication Industry. Legal Classification Status of Selected Ingredients Worldwide. 2008. (accessed 3 August 2010).
4. Brass EP,. Changing the status of drugs from prescription to over-the-counter availability. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 810-816.
5. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee. National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. 2007. (accessed 3 August 2010).
6. National Health and Medical Research Council. When Does Quality Assurance in Health Care Require Independent Ethical Review ? 2003. (accessed 3 August 2010).
7. Clarke GD, et al,. Using suitability profiles to better inform consumers' choice of commonly used over-the-counter analgesics. Int J Pharm Pract 2008; 16: 1-4.
8. Toes MJ, et al,. Drug interactions with paracetamol. Am J Ther 2005; 12: 56-66. (Pubitemid 40516047)
9. Parra D, et al,. The effect of acetaminophen on the international normalized ratio in patients stabilized on warfarin therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27: 675-683. (Pubitemid 46700959)
10. Jones S, et al,. Drug Interactions in Pain Management. 2008. (accessed 31 January 2011).
11. Peterson GM,. Selecting nonprescription analgesics. Am J Ther 2005; 12: 67-79. (Pubitemid 40516048)
12. Kerr SJ, et al,. Lessons from early large-scale adoption of celecoxib and rofecoxib by Australian general practitioners. Med J Aust 2003; 179: 403-407. (Pubitemid 37328004)
13. Hersh EV, et al,. Adverse drug interactions involving common prescription and over-the-counter analgesic agents. Clin Ther 2007; 29 (Suppl.): 2477-2497. (Pubitemid 350299458)
14. Dart RC, Bailey E,. Does therapeutic use of acetaminophen cause acute liver failure? Pharmacotherapy 2007; 27: 1219-1230. (Pubitemid 47339119)
15. Dart RC, et al,. Acetaminophen poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006; 44: 1-18.
16. Moore N,. Ibuprofen: a journey from prescription to over-the-counter use. J R Soc Med 2007; 100 (Suppl. 48): 2-6. (Pubitemid 351204439)
17. Moore N, et al,. The PAIN study: paracetamol, aspirin and ibuprofen new tolerability study. a large-scale, randomised clinical trial comparing the tolerability of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol for short-term analgesia. Clin Drug Invest 1999; 18: 89-98. (Pubitemid 29391386)
18. Morwood K, et al,. Aspirin-sensitive asthma. Intern Med J 2005; 35: 240-246. (Pubitemid 40529586)
19. Jenkins C,. Recommending analgesics for people with asthma. Am J Ther 2000; 7: 55-61.
20. Thien FC, et al,. Asthma and Pain Relievers: an Information Paper for Health Professionals. South Melbourne: National Asthma Council, 2005.
21. Szczeklik A, Nizankowska E,. Clinical features and diagnosis of aspirin induced asthma. Thorax 2000; 55: 42S-444.
22. Jenkins C, et al,. Systematic review of prevalence of aspirin induced asthma and its implications for clinical practice. BMJ 2004; 328 (7437): 434.
23. Shaheen SO, et al,. Paracetamol use in pregnancy and wheezing in early childhood. Thorax 2002; 57: 958-963. (Pubitemid 35316274)
24. Shaheen SO, et al,. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of asthma and elevated immunoglobulin E in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 18-25. (Pubitemid 40188265)
25. Shaheen SO, et al,. Prenatal and infant acetaminophen exposure, antioxidant gene polymorphisms, and childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 1141-1148.
26. Shaheen SO, et al,. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and asthma: further evidence against confounding. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 39: 790-794.
27. Persky V, et al,. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and respiratory symptoms in the first year of life. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 101: 271-278.
28. Farquhar H, et al,. The role of paracetamol in the pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40: 32-41.
29. Rusconi F, et al,. Paracetamol and antibiotics in childhood and subsequent development of wheezing/asthma: association or causation? Int J Epidemiol 2011 (in press).
30. Eldeirawi K, et al,. Frequent ear infections in infancy and the risk of asthma in Mexican American children. J Asthma 2010; 47: 473-477.
31. Schnabel E, Heinrich J,. Respiratory tract infections and not paracetamol medication during infancy are associated with asthma development in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 1071-1073.
32. Bisgaard H, et al,. Association of bacteria and viruses with wheezy episodes in young children: prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 2010; 341: c4978.
33. Kang EM, et al,. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and asthma in children. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 1295-1306.
34. Lowe AJ, et al,. Paracetamol use in early life and asthma: prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 2010; 341: c4616.
35. Persky VW,. Acetaminophen and asthma. Thorax 2010; 65: 99-100.
36. Werler MM, et al,. Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193 (1): 771-777. (Pubitemid 41261475)
37. Headley J, et al,. Medication use during pregnancy: data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60: 355-361. (Pubitemid 39062322)
38. Medicines in Pregnancy Working Party of the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee. Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy, 4th edn. Canberra: Therapeutic Goods Administration, 1999.
39. Kennedy D,. Drugs in pregnancy. Med Today 2002; 3: 26-33. (Pubitemid 34173120)
40. Li DK, et al,. Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study. BMJ 2003; 327: 368.
41. Nielsen GL, et al,. Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study. BMJ 2001; 322: 266-270. (Pubitemid 32178552)
42. Nielsen GL, et al,. Danish group reanalyses miscarriage in NSAID users. BMJ 2004; 328: 109. (Pubitemid 38114475)
43. Ostensen ME, Skomsvoll JF,. Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004; 5: 571-580. (Pubitemid 38344312)
44. Gaytan M, et al,. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ovulation: lessons from morphology. Histol Histopathol 2006; 21: 541-556.
45. Skomsvoll JF, et al,. [Reversible infertility from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2005; 125: 1476-1478 [in Norwegian]. (Pubitemid 40862619)
46. Anon. NSAIDs and female infertility. Prescrire Int 2002; 11: 115-116.
47. Stone S, et al,. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reversible female infertility: is there a link? Drug Saf 2002; 25: 545-551. (Pubitemid 34856471)