Phylogeny of the Notoungulata (Mammalia) based on cranial and dental characters

Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 481-497

  Billet, Guillaume ^a,b,c  

^a MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Pyrotheria; Skull; Systematics; Toxodontia; Typotheria

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; ANCESTRY; CLADISTICS; CRANIUM; DENTITION; ENDEMIC SPECIES; FOSSIL RECORD; MORPHOLOGY; MORPHOTYPE; PALEOBIOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; UNGULATE;

EUTHERIA; INTERATHERIIDAE; MAMMALIA; NOTOUNGULATA; PYROTHERIA; UNGULATA;

EID: 79959911779     PISSN: 14772019     EISSN: 14780941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2010.528456     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ameghino, F. 1895. Première contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium. Boletin del Instituto Geográfico Argentino, 15, 1-60.
2. Ameghino, F. 1897. Les mammifères crétacés de l'Argentine. Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium. Boletin del Instituto Geográfico Argentino, 18, 406-521.
3. Ameghino, F. 1902. Première contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Colpodon. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba, 17, 71-141.
4. Barone, R. 1997. Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques. Tome 1, ostéologie. Vigot, Paris, 761 pp.
5. Bergqvist, L. P. 1996. Reassociaç ão do pós- crânio às espécies de ungulados da Bacia de S.J. de Itaboraí (Paleoceno), estado do Rio de Janeiro, e filogenia dos "Condylarthra" e ungulados sul-americanos com base no pós-crânio. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Universidade federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 407 pp.
6. Billet, G. 2010. New observations on the skull of Pyrotherium (Pyrotheria, Mammalia) and new phylogenetic hypotheses on South American ungulates. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 17, 21-59.
7. Billet, G., Muizon, C. de & Mamani Quispe, B. 2008. Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 152, 153-200. (Pubitemid 351156558)
8. Billet, G., Patterson, B. & Muizon, C. de. 2009. Craniodental anatomy of late Oligocene archaeohyracids (Notoungulata, Mammalia) from Bolivia andArgentina and newphylogenetic hypotheses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 458-509.
9. Bond, M. 1981. Un nuevo Oldfieldthomasiidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) del Eoceno inferior (Fm. Lumbrera, Grupo Salta) del NW Argentino. Anais II Congreso Latino- Americano de Paleontologia (Porto Alegre), 2, 521-536.
10. Bond, M.&López, G. 1993. El primer Notohippidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) de la Formacion Lumbrera (Grupo Salta) del Noroeste argentino. Consideraciones sobre la sistematica de la familia Notohippidae. Ameghiniana, 30, 59-68. (Pubitemid 24418694)
11. Bond, M., Vucetich, M. G. & Pascual, R. 1984. Un nuevo Notoungulata de la Formacion Lumbrera (Eoceno) de la Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontolog ía de Vertebrados, No1, Resúmenes, 20.
12. Cerdeño, E. & Bond, M. 1998. Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of Paedotherium and Tremacyllus (Pachyrukhinae, Hegetotheriidae, Notoungulata) from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18, 799-811. (Pubitemid 128337656)
13. Chaffee, R. G. 1952. The Deseadan vertebrate fauna of the Scaritt Pocket, Patagonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 98, 503-562.
14. Cifelli, R. L. 1983. The origin and affinities of the South American Condylarthra and early Tertiary Litopterna (Mammalia). American Museum Novitates, 2772, 1-49.
15. Cifelli, R. L. 1993. The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates. Pp. 195-216 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek & M. C. McKenna (eds) Mammal Phylogeny, Volume 2: Placentals. Springer Verlag, New York.
16. Cifelli, R. L., Schaff, C. R. & McKenna, M. C. 1989. The relationships of the Arctostylopidae (Mammalia): new data and interpretation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 152, 1-44.
17. Croft, D. A., Bond, M., Flynn, J. J.,Reguero, M. A. &Wyss, A. R. 2003. Large archaeohyracids (Typotheria, Notoungulata) from Central Chile and Patagonia, Including a Revision of Archaeotypotherium. Fieldiana Geology, N.S., 49, 1-38.
18. Flynn, J. J., Wyss, A. R., Croft, D. A. & Charrier, R. 2003. The Tinguiririca Fauna, Chile: biochronology, paleoecology, biogeography, and a new earliest Oligocene South American Land Mammal 'Age'. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 195, 229-259. (Pubitemid 36755527)
19. Gabbert, S. L. 2004. The basicranial and posterior cranial anatomy of the families of the Toxodontia, Chapter 14. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 285, 177-190. (Pubitemid 40518654)
20. Goloboff, P., Farris, J. & Nixon, K. 2008. T.N.T., a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 24, 774-786.
21. Hitz, R., Flynn, J. J. &Wyss, A. R. 2006. New basal Interatheriidae (Typtheria, Notoungulata, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of Central Chile. American Museum Novitates, 3520, 1-32.
22. Hitz, R., Billet, G. & Derriberry, D. 2008. New interatheres (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Oligocene Salla Beds of Bolivia. Journal of Paleontology, 82, 447-469. (Pubitemid 351730268)
23. Loomis, F. B. 1914. The Deseado Formation of Patagonia. Rumford Press, Concord, New Hamsphire, 244 pp.
24. López, G. & Bond, M. 2003. Una nueva familia de ungulados (Mammalia, Notoungulata) del Paleógeno sudamericano. Ameghiniana, 40 (Suppl. to no4), 60R.
25. MacFadden, B. J. 2005. Diet and habitat of toxodont megaherbivores (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Quaternary of South and Central America. Quaternary Research, 64, 113-124. (Pubitemid 41235713)
26. MacPhee, R. D. E. 1981. Auditory regions of primates and eutherian insectivores. Morphology, ontogeny, and character analysis. Contribution to Primatology, 18, 1-282.
27. Matthew, W. D. 1915. A revision of the lower Eocene Wasatch andWindRiver faunas. Part IV. Entelonychia, Primates, Insectivora (part). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 34, 429-483.
28. Matthew, W. D. & Granger, W. 1925. Fauna and correlation of the Gashato Formation of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates, 189, 1-12.
29. Matthew,W.D., Granger,W.&Simpson,G.G. 1929. Additions to the fauna of the Gashato Formation ofMongolia. American Museum Novitates, 376, 1-12.
30. McKenna, M. C. 1980. Early history and biogeography of South America's extinct land mammals. Pp. 43-77 in R. L. Ciochon &A. B. Chiarelli (eds) Evolutionary Biology of the NewWorld Monkeys and Continental Drift. Plenum Press, New York.
31. McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level.ColumbiaUniversity Press, NewYork, 631 pp.
32. Novacek, M. J. 1986. The skull of leptictid insectivorans and the higher-level classification of eutherian mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 183, 1-111.
33. Patterson, B. 1932. The auditory region of the Toxodontia. Field Museum of Natural History, Geological Series, 6, 1-27.
34. Patterson, B. 1934a. The auditory region of an upper Pliocene typotherid. Field Museum of Natural History, Geological Series, 6, 83-89.
35. Patterson, B. 1934b. Upper premolar-molar structure in the Notoungulatawith notes on taxonomy. FieldMuseum of Natural History, Geological Series, 6, 91-111.
36. Patterson, B. 1935. A new Argyrohippus from the Deseado Beds of Patagonia. Field Museum of Natural History, Geological Series, 6, 161-166.
37. Patterson, B. 1936. The internal structure of the ear in some notoungulates. Field Museum of Natural History, Geological Series, 6, 161-166.
38. Patterson, B. 1977. A primitive pyrothere (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the Early Tertiary of Northwestern Venezuela. Fieldiana Geology, N.S., 33, 397-421.
39. Paula Couto, C. de. 1952. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Notoungulata. American Museum Novitates, 1568, 1-16.
40. Pleijel, F. 1995. On character coding for phylogeny reconstruction. Cladistics, 11, 309-315.
41. Reguero,M. A. 1999. El problema de las relaciones sistemáticas y filogenéticas de los Typotheria y Hegetotheria (Mammalia, Notoungulata): análisis de los taxones de Patagonia de la Edad-mamífero Deseadense (Oligoceno). Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas.
42. Reguero, M. A. & Castro, P. V. 2004. Un nuevo Trachytheriinae (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) del Deseadense (Oligoceno tardío) de Cabeza Blanca, Chubut, Argentina. Importancia bioestratigráfica y filogenética del género Trachytherus. Revista Geológica de Chile, 31(1), 45-64.
43. Reguero, M. A. & Prevosti, F. J. 2010. Rodent-like notoungulates: Typotheria. Phylogeny and Systematic. Pp 148-165 in R. Madden, A. A. Carlini, M. G. Vucetich, & R. Kay (eds) The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
44. Reguero, M. A., Bond, M. & López, G. 1996. Campanorco inauguralis (Typotheria, Notoungulata): an approach to the phylogeny of the Typotheria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16, 59A.
45. Reguero, M. A., Ubilla, M. & Perea, D. 2003. A new species of Eopachyrucos (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Interatheriidae) from the late Oligocene of Uruguay. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23, 445-457. (Pubitemid 36953758)
46. Roth, S. 1903. Los ungulados sudamericanos. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Sección Paleontológica, 5, 1-36.
47. Saint-André, P.-A. 1999. Les toxodontidés du Néogène de l'Altiplano bolivien. Palaeontographica, 251, 79-148.
48. Schlosser, M. 1923. Mammalia. In K. A. v. Zittel (ed.) Grundzüge der Paläeontologie; II. Abteilung: Vertebrata. 4th edition. R. Oldenburg, Munich and Berlin.
49. Scott,W. B. 1910. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz Beds. Vol. 7, Part 1. Litopterna. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 7, 1-156.
50. Scott, W. B. 1912. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz Beds. Vol. 6, Paleontology. Part 2-3: Toxodonta and Entolonychia. Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 6, 111-300.
51. Shockey, B. J. 1997. Two new notoungulates (family Notohippidae) from the Salla beds of Bolivia (Deseadan: late Oligocene): systematics and functional morphology. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 584-599.
52. Shockey, B. J., Flynn, J., Croft,D.,Wyss, A.&Neinast,A. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of relationships among traditional families of Notoungulata using postcranial characters. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29(3), 181A.
53. Simpson, G. G. 1932. Cochilius volvens from the Colpodon Beds of Patagonia. American Museum Novitates, 577, 1-13.
54. Simpson, G. G. 1934. Provisionnal classification of extinct South American hoofed mammals. American Museum Novitates, 750, 1-21.
55. Simpson, G. G. 1936. Structure of a primitive notoungulate cranium. American Museum Novitates, 824, 1-31.
56. Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85, 1-350.
57. Simpson, G. G. 1948. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part I. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 91, 1-232.
58. Simpson, G. G. 1967. The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part II. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 137, 1-259.
59. Simpson, G. G. 1980. Splendid isolation: the curious history of South American mammals. Yale University Press, New Haven, 266 pp.
60. Stirton, R. A. 1953. A new genus of interathere from the Miocene of Columbia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 29, 265-348.
61. Thewissen, J. G. M. 1990. Evolution of Paleocene and Eocene Phenacodontidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra). University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology, 29, 1-107.
62. Vucetich, M. G. & Bond, M. 1982. Los primeros Isotemnidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) registrados en la Formacion Lumbrera (Grupo Salta) del NoresteArgentino. Ameghiniana, 19(1-2), 7-18.
63. Wible, J. R., Novacek, M. J. & Rougier, G. W. 2004. New data on the skull and dentition in the Mongolian Late Cretaceous eutherian mammal Zalambdalestes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 281, 1-144. (Pubitemid 40518661)
64. Wible, J. R., Rougier, G. W., Novacek, M. J. & Asher, R. J. 2007. Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placentalmammals near theK/T boundary. Nature, 447, 1003-1006. (Pubitemid 46975748)
65. Williamson, T. E. & Lucas, S. G. 1992. Meniscotherium (Mammalia, 'Condylarthra') from the Paleocene-Eocene of Western North America. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1, 1-75.