Impacts of moose (Alces alces) browsing on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) morphology and potential timber quality

Silva Fennica

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 227-236

  Rea, Roy V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Browse damage; Deciduous; Forestry; Hardwood; Silviculture; Ungulate; Wood quality

Indexed keywords

DAMAGE DETECTION; HARDWOODS; MORPHOLOGY; TIMBER;

BROWSE DAMAGE; DECIDUOUS; SILVICULTURE; UNGULATE; WOOD QUALITIES;

FORESTRY;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; BOREAL FOREST; BROWSING; CLEARCUTTING; CONIFEROUS FOREST; CONSPECIFIC; DECIDUOUS TREE; DEER; DIAMETER; FORESTRY; FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY; GROWTH; SILVICULTURE; TIMBER; WOOD QUALITY;

ANATOMY; BETULA; CANADA; ECOLOGY; EXTRACTIVES; FORESTRY; FORESTS; HARDWOODS; PLANTS; SILVICULTURE; WOOD PROPERTIES;

ALEZA LAKE RESEARCH FOREST; BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA;

ALCES ALCES; BETULA; BETULA PAPYRIFERA; PICEA; UNGULATA;

EID: 79959902243     PISSN: 00375330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14214/sf.114     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bergerud, A.T. & Manuel, F. 1968. Moose damage to balsam fir-white birch forests in central Newfoundland. Journal of Wildlife Management 32: 729-746.
2. Bergqvist, G. Bergström, R. & Edenius, L. 2003. Effects of moose (Alces alces) rebrowsing on damage development in young stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) Forest Ecology and Management 176: 397-403.
3. Bergström, R.K. & Danell, K. 1987. Effects of simulated winter browsing by moose on morphology and biomass of two birch species. Journal of Ecology 75: 533-544.
4. Danell, K. & Bergström, R. 1989. Winter browsing by moose on two birch species: impact of food resources. Oikos 54: 11-18.
5. Danell, K. & Bergström, R. & Huss-Danell, K. 1985. Feeding by insects and hares on birches earlier affected by moose browsing. Oikos 44:75-81.
6. Danell, K. & Bergström, R., Niemelä, P., Varvikko, T. & Vuorisalo, T. 1991. Moose browsing on scots pine along a gradient of plant productivity. Ecology 72: 1624-1633.
7. Danell, K. & Bergström, R., Haukioja, E. & Huss-Danell, K. 1997. Morphological and chemical responses of mountain birch leaves and shoots to winter browsing along a gradient of plant productivity. Ecoscience 4: 296-303.
8. De Jager, N.R. & Pastor, J. 2008. Effects of moose Alces alces population density and site productivity on the canopy geometries of birch Betula pubescens and B. pendula and Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. Wildlife Biology 14: 251-262.
9. De Jager, N.R. & Pastor, J. 2010. Effects of simulated moose Alces alces browsing on the morphology of rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Wildlife Biology 16:1-7.
10. Gotelli, N.J. & Ellison, A.M. 2004. A primer of ecological statistics. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland Mass. 510 p.
11. Gould, J.L. & Gould, G.F. 2002. Biostats basics. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, NY. 422 p.
12. Härkönen, S., Pulkkinen, A. & Heräjärvi, H. 2009. Wood quality of birch (Betula spp.) trees damaged by moose. Alces 45: 67-72.
13. Heard, D.C., Zimmerman, K.L., Yaremko, L.L. & Watts, G.S. 1999. Moose population estimate for the Parsnip River drainage, January 1998. Final Report for Forest Renewal British Columbia. Project No. OP96004.
14. Heard, D.C., Zimmerman, K.L., Yaremko, L.L. & Watts, G.S., \& Smith, R. 2001. Moose density and composition in the lower McGregor River and Herrick Creek watersheds, British Columbia, January 2001. Final Report for Common Land Information Base. Project No. 01028.
15. Heikkilä, R. & Härkönen, S. 1996. Moose browsing in young Scots pine stands in relation to forest management. Forest Ecology and Management 88: 179-186.
16. Jalkanen, A. 2001. The probability of moose damage at the stand level in southern Finland. Silva Fennica 35:159-168.
17. Jull, M. & Karjala, M. 2005. Management plan 2 - Aleza Lake Research Forest. 2005-2010. 109 p.
18. Lilja, A. & Heikkilä, R. 1995. Discoloration of birch trees after wounding or breakage. Aktuelt Skogsforsk 4-95: 30-32.
19. Löyttyniemi, K. 1985. On repeated browsing of Scots Pine saplings by moose (Alces alces). Silva Fennica 19:387-391.
20. Mielikäinen, K. 1980. Structure and development of mixed pine and birch stands. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 99. 82 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
21. Mielikäinen, K. 1985. Effect of an admixture of birch on the structure and development of Norway spruce stands. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 133. 73 p. (In Finnish with English summary).
22. Milchunas, D.G. & Noy-Meir, I. 2002. Grazing refuges, external avoidance of herbivory and plant diversity. Oikos 99: 113-130.
23. Milliken, G.A. & Johnson, D.E. 1984. Analysis of messy data: Volume I. Designed experiments. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Company. New York, New York, U.S.A.
24. Peek, J.M. 1998. Habitat relationships. In: Franzmann A.W. & Schwartz, C.S. (eds.). Ecology and management of the North American moose. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. p. 351-376.
25. Persson, I-L., Danell, K. & Bergström, R. 2000. Disturbance by large herbivores in boreal forests with special reference to moose. Annales of Zoologici Fennici 37: 251-263.
26. Persson, I-L., Danell, K. & Bergström, R., 2005. Different moose densities and accompanied changes in tree morphology and browse production. Ecological Applications 15: 1296-1305.
27. Persson, I-L., Danell, K. & Bergström, R., 2007. Browse biomass production and regrowth capacity after biomass loss in deciduous and coniferous trees: responses to moose browsing along a productivity gradient. Oikos 116: 1639-1650.
28. Pojar, J., Klinka, K. & Meidinger, D.V. 1987. Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management 22: 119-154.
29. Renecker, L.A. & Schwartz, C.C. 1998. Food habits and feeding behavior. In: Franzmann A.W. & Schwartz, C.S. (eds.). Ecology and management of the North American moose. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. p. 403-440.
30. Rea, R.V. & Child, K.N. 2007. Wildlife data center featured species - moose. Wildlife Afield 4: 285-317.
31. Schatz, U., Heräjärvi, H., Kannisto, K. & Rantatalo, M. 2008. Influence of saw and secateur pruning on stem discoloration, wound cicatrisation, and diameter growth in Betula pendula. Silva Fennica 42: 295-305.
32. Statsoft. 2009. Statistica for Windows, Version 9.0.
33. Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. 2007. Using multivariate statistics. Fifth edition. Pearson Education. 980 p.
34. Telfer, E.S. & Cairns, A. 1978. Stem breakage by moose. The Journal of Wildlife Management 42: 639-642.