Sterilization of propylene/ethylene random copolymers: Annealing effects on crystalline structure and transparency as influenced by polymer structure and nucleation

Express Polymer Letters

Volumn 5, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 788-798

  Gahleitner, M ^a   Grein, C ^a   Blell, R ^b   Wolfschwenger, J ^a   Koch, T ^c   Ingolic, E ^d  

^a BOREALIS POLYOLEFINE GMBH   (Austria)

^b INSTITUT CHARLES SADRON   (France)

^c VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^d GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Crystallization; Material testing; Optical properties; Polypropylene; Processing technologies

Indexed keywords

EID: 79959862861     PISSN: 1788618X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.77     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Gahleitner M., Jääskeläinen P., Ratajski E., Paulik C., Reussner J., Wolfschwenger J., Neißl W.: Propylene- ethylene random copolymers: Comonomer effects on crystallinity and application properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 95, 1073-1081 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/app.21308
2. Thorat H. B., Prabhu C. S., Suresh K. K., Pandya M. V.: γ-ray-induced degradation in ethylene-propylene copolymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 59, 1769-1773 (1996). DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960314)59:11<1769::AID-APP13>3.0.CO;2-P
3. Resch K., Wallner G. M., Teichert C., Maier G., Gahleitner M.: Optical properties of highly transparent polypropylene cast films: Influence of material structure, additives, and processing conditions. Polymer Engineering and Science, 46, 520-531 (2006). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20503
4. Gezovich D. M., Geil P. H.: Deformation and aging of quenched polypropylene. Polymer Engineering and Science, 8, 210-215 (1986). DOI: 10.1002/pen.760080306
5. Vittoria V.: Investigation of the ageing of isotactic polypropylene via transport properties. Polymer, 29, 1118-1123 (1988). DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(88)90025-0
6. Piccarolo S.: Ageing of isotactic polypropylene due to morphology evolution, experimental limitations of realtime density measurements with a gradient column. Polymer, 47, 5610-5622 (2006). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.128
7. g: Secondary crystallization induced constraining effects. Proceedings of SPE ANTEC 59, Vol. 2, 1856-1859 (2001).
8. Schael G. W.: A study of the morphology and physical properties of polypropylene films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 10, 901-915 (1966). DOI: 10.1002/app.1966.070100607
9. O'Kane W. J., Young R. J., Ryan A. J.: The effect of annealing on the structure and properties of isotactic polypropylene films. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B: Physics, 34, 427-458 (1995). DOI: 10.1080/00222349508219502
10. Ferrer-Balas D., Maspoch M. L., Martinez A. B., Santana O. O.: Influence of annealing on the microstructural, tensile and fracture properties of polypropylene films. Polymer, 42, 1697-1705 (2001). DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00487-0
11. Marega C., Causin V., Marigo A.: A SAXS-WAXD study on the mesomorphic-# transition of isotactic polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 109, 32-37 (2008). DOI: 10.1002/app.28017
12. Polo-Corpa M. J., Benavente R., Velilla T., Quijada R., Pérez E., Cerrada M. L.: Development of the mesomorphic phase in isotactic propene/higher #-olefin copolymers at intermediate comonomer content and its effect on properties. European Polymer Journal, 46, 1345-1354 (2010). DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.03.014
13. Mileva D., Androsch R., Radusch H-J.: Effect of cooling rate on melt-crystallization of random propyleneethylene and propylene-1-butene copolymers. Polymer Bulletin, 61, 643-654 (2008). DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0979-6
14. Androsch R.: In situ atomic force microscopy of the mesomorphic-monoclinic phase transition in isotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules, 41, 533-535 (2008). DOI: 10.1021/ma702334q
15. Mileva D., Zia Q., Androsch R., Radusch H-J., Piccarolo S.: Mesophase formation in poly(propyleneran- 1-butene) by rapid cooling. Polymer, 50, 5482-5489 (2009). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.064
16. De Santis F., Adamovsky S., Titomanlio G., Schick C.: Scanning nanocalorimetry at high cooling rate of isotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules, 39, 2562-2567 (2006). DOI: 10.1021/ma052525n
17. Lotz B., Wittmann J. C., Lovinger A. J.: Structure and morphology of poly(propylenes): A molecular analysis. Polymer, 37, 4979-4992 (1996). DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)00370-9
18. Foresta T., Piccarolo S., Goldbeck-Wood G.: Competition between α and γ phases in isotactic polypropylene: Effects of ethylene content and nucleating agents at different cooling rates. Polymer, 42, 1167-1176 (2001). DOI: 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00404-3
19. Macauley N. J., Harkin-Jones E. M. A., Murphy W. R.: The influence of nucleating agents on the extrusion and thermoforming of polypropylene. Polymer Engineering and Science, 38, 662-670 (1998). DOI: 10.1002/pen.10214
20. Bernland K., Tervoort T., Smith P.: Phase behavior and optical- and mechanical properties of the binary system isotactic polypropylene and the nucleating/clarifying agent 1,2,3-trideoxy-4,6:5,7-bis-O-[(4-propylphenyl) methylene]-nonitol. Polymer, 50, 2460-2464 (2009). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.010
21. Abboud M., Denifl P., Reichert K-H.: Study of the morphology and kinetics of novel Ziegler-Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98, 2191-2200 (2005). DOI: 10.1002/app.22412
22. Grein C., Schedenig T.: Polyolefin compositions having improved optical and mechanical properties. WO 2009/027389, Germany (2007).
23. Koch T., Seidler S., Halwax E., Bernstorff S.: Microhardness of quenched and annealed isotactic polypropylene. Journal of Materials Science, 42, 5318-5326 (2007). DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0960-4
24. Zia Q., Androsch R., Radusch H-J., Ingolic E.: Crystal morphology of rapidly cooled isotactic polypropylene: A comparative study by TEM and AFM. Polymer Bulletin, 60, 791-798 (2008). DOI: 10.1007/s00289-008-0908-8
25. Cotto D., Duffo P., Haudin J. M.: Cast film extrusion of polypropylene films. International Polymer Processing, 4, 103-113 (1989).
26. Duffo P., Monasse B., Haudin J. M.: Influence of stretching and cooling conditions in cast film extrusion of PP films. International Polymer Processing, 5, 272-283 (1990).
27. Gahleitner M., Fiebig J., Wolfschwenger J., Dreiling G., Paulik C.: Post-crystallization and physical aging of polypropylene: Material and processing effects. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B: Physics, 41, 833-849 (2002). DOI: 10.1081/MB-120013068
28. Alberola N., Fugier M., Petit D., Fillon B.: Microstructure of quenched and annealed films of isotactic polypropylene. Journal of Materials Science, 30, 1187-1195 (1995). DOI: 10.1007/BF00356118
29. Agarwal M. K., Schultz J. M.: The physical aging of isotactic polypropylene. Polymer Engineering and Science, 21, 776-781 (1981). DOI: 10.1002/pen.760211206
30. La Carrubba V., Piccarolo S., Brucato V.: Crystallization kinetics of iPP: Influence of operating conditions and molecular parameters. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104, 1358-1367 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/app.25871
31. Resch K., Wallner G. M., Teichert C., Gahleitner M.: Highly transparent polypropylene cast films: Relationships between optical properties, additives, and surface structure. Polymer Engineering and Science, 47, 1021-1032 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/pen.20781
32. Martorana A., Piccarolo S., Schichilone F.: The X-ray determination of the amounts of the phases in samples of isotactic poly(propylene) quenched from the melt at different cooling rates. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 198, 597-604 (1997). DOI: 10.1002/macp.1997.021980231
33. Pukánszky B., Mudra I., Staniek P.: Relation of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of nucleated polypropylene. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 3, 53-57 (1997). DOI: 10.1002/vnl.10165