Prevalence of children with severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in communities near Rome, Italy: New estimated rates are higher than previous estimates

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2331-2351

  May, Philip A ^a   Fiorentino, Daniela ^b   Coriale, Giovanna ^b   Kalberg, Wendy O ^a   Eugene Hoyme, H ^c   Aragón, Alfredo S ^a   Buckley, David ^a   Stellavato, Chandra ^a   Phillip Gossage, J ^a   Robinson, Luther K ^d   Jones, Kenneth Lyons ^e   Manning, Melanie ^f   Ceccanti, Mauro ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol consumption; Epidemiology; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD); Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); Italy; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BEHAVIOR TERATOLOGY; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM SYNDROME; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; FETUS DISEASE; HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; ITALY; LEARNING DISORDER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 79959842042     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8062331     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Scianaro, L.; Prusek, W.; Loiodice, G. The fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical observations. Minerva Pediatr. 1978, 30, 1585-1588.
2. Moretti, M.; Montali, S. Fetal defects caused by the passive consumption of drugs. Pediatr. Med. Chir. 1982, 4, 481-490.
3. Calvani, M.; Ghirelli, D.; Calvani, M.; Fortuna, C.; Lalli, F.; Marcolini, P. Fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical, metabolic and immunologic follow-up in l4 cases. Minerva Pediatr. 1985, 37, 77-88.
4. Scotto, D.T.; Venturino, G.; Sorrentino, I.; Infuso, D.; D'Amiano, G.; Palmieri, G. Fetal alcoholic syndrome: A clinical case. Pediatr. Med. Chir. 1993, 15, 525-529.
5. Roccella, M.; Testa, D. Fetal alcohol syndrome in developmental age. Neuropsychiatric aspects. Minerva Pediatr. 2003, 55, 63-74.
6. De Nigris, C.; Awabdeh, F.; Tomassini, A.; Remotti, G. Alcool e gravidanza incidenza del fenomeno ed effetti sul neonato nella popolazione utente di un ospedale di Varese. Ann. Ostet. Ginecol. Med. Perinat. 1981, 102, 419-430.
7. Parazzini, F.; Tozzi, L.; Chatenoud, L.; Restelli, S.; Luchini, L.; La Vecchia, C. Alcohol and risk of spontaneous abortion. Human Repr. 1994, 9, 1950-1953.
8. Parazzini, F.; Chatenoud, L.; Benzi, G.; Di Cintio, E.; Dal Pino, D.; Tozzi, L.; Fedele, L. Coffee and alcohol intake, smoking and risk of multiples pregnancy. Human Repr. 1996, 11, 2306-2309.
9. Primatesta, P.; Del Corno, G.; Bonazzi, M.C.; Waters, W.E. Alcohol and pregnancy: an international comparison. J. Public Health Med. 1993, 15, 69-76.
10. Lazzaroni, F.; Bonassi, S.; Magnani, M.; Calvi, A.; Repetto, E.; Serra, F.; Podesta, F.; Pearce, N. Moderate maternal drinking and outcome of pregnancy. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 1993, 9, 599-606.
11. Bonati, M.; Fellin, G. Changes in smoking and drinking behaviour before and during pregnancy in Italian mothers: Implications for public health intervention. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1991, 20, 927-932.
12. Astley, S.J. Fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in Washington State: Evidence of success. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 2004, 18, 344-351.
13. Sampson, P.D.; Streissguth, A.P.; Bookstein, F.L.; Little, R.E.; Clarren, S.K.; Dehaene, P.; Hanson, J.W.; Graham, J.M., Jr. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology 1997, 56, 317-326.
14. Chavez, G.F.; Corderro, J.F.; Becerra, J.E. Leading major congenital malformations among minority groups in the United States, 1981-1986. MMWR 1988, 37, 17-24.
15. Egeland, G.M.; Perham-Hester, K.A.; Hook, E.B. Use of capture-recapture analyses in fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance in Alaska. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995, 141, 335-341.
16. Egeland, G.M.; Perham-Hester, K.A.; Gessner, B.D.; Ingle, D.; Berner, J.E.; Middaugh, J.P. Fetal alcohol syndrome in Alaska, 1977 through 1992: an administrative prevalence derived from multiple data sources. Am. J. Public Health 1998, 88, 781-786.
17. Leversha, A.M.; Marks, R.E. The prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in New Zealand. N Z Med. J. 1995, 108, 502-505.
18. May, P.A.; Gossage, J.P.; Kalberg, W.O.; Robinson, L.K.; Buckley, D.G.; Manning, M.; Hoyme, H.E. The Prevalence and Epidemiologic Characteristics of FASD from Various Research Methods with an Emphasis on In-School Studies. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 2009, 15, 176-192.
19. Little, B.B.; Snell, L.M.; Rosenfeld, C.R.; Gilstrap, L.C.; Gant, N.F. Failure to recognize fetal alcohol syndrome in newborn infants. AJDC 1990, 144, 1142-1146.
20. Stratton, K.; Howe, C.; Battaglia, F. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment; National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1996.
21. Clarren, S.K.; Randels, S.P.; Sanderson, M.; Fineman, R.M. Screening for fetal alcohol syndrome in primary schools: a feasibility study. Teratology 2001, 63, 3-10.
22. Abel, E.L.; Sokol, R.J. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1987, 19, 51-70.
23. Abel, E.L.; Sokol, R.J. A revised conservative estimate of the incidence of FAS and its economic impact. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1991, 15, 514-524.
24. Abel, E.L. Fetal Alcohol Abuse Syndrome: from Mechanisms to Prevention; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1996.
25. Abel, E.L. An update on incidence of FAS: FAS is not an equal opportunity birth defect. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1995, 17, 437-443.
26. May, P.A.; Gossage, J.P. The Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome within Three New Mexico Ethnic Communities; The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions: Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2002.
27. May, P.A.; Hymbaugh, K.J. A pilot project on fetal alcohol syndrome among American Indians. Alcohol Health Res. World 1982, 7, 3-9.
28. May, P.A.; Hymbaugh, K.J.; Aase, J.M.; Samet, J.M. Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome among American Indians of the Southwest. Soc. Biol. 1983, 30, 374-387.
29. Quaid, J.; Kirkpatrick, J.; Nakamura, R.; Aase, J.M. Establishing the occurrence of FAS/FAE in a rural community. Provider 1993, 18, 71-75.
30. Duimstra, C.; Johnson, D.; Kutsch, C.; Wang, B.; Zentner, M.; Kellerman, S.; Welty, T.A. Fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance pilot project in American Indian communities in the Northern Plains. Public Health Rep. 1993, 108, 225-229.
31. May, P.A.; McCloskey, J.; Gossage, J.P. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among American Indians: Epidemiology, Issues, and Research. In Alcohol Use Among American Indians: Multiple Perspectives on a Complex Problem; Mail, P.D., Heurtin-Roberts, S., Martin, S.E., Howard, J., Eds.; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Research Monograph No. 37; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Bethesda, MD, USA, 2002; pp. 321-369.
32. May, P.A.; Brooke, L.; Gossage, J.P.; Croxford, J.; Adnams, C.; Jones, K.L.; Robinson, L.; Viljoen, D. Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community in the Western Cape Province. Am. J. Public Health 2000, 90, 1905-1912.
33. May, P.A.; Brooke, L.E.; Gossage, J.P.; Snell, C.; Hendricks, L.; Croxford, J.; Marais, A.-S.; Viljoen, D.L. Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A population-based study. Am. J. Public Health 2005, 95, 1190-1199.
34. May, P.A.; Gossage, J.P.; Marais, A.S.; Adnams, C.M.; Hoyme, H.E.; Jones, K.L.; Robinson, L.K.; Khaole, N.C.; Snell, C.; Kalberg, W.O.; Hendricks, L.; Brooke, L.; Stellavato, C.; Viljoen, D.L. The epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial FAS in a South African community. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2007, 88, 259-271.
35. Viljoen, D.; Croxford, J.; Gossage, J.P.; Kodituwakku, P.W.; May, P.A. Characteristics of mothers of children with fetal alcohol syndrome in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A case control study. J. Stud. Alcohol 2002, 63, 6-17.
36. Viljoen, D.L.; Gossage, J.P.; Adnams, C.M.; Jones, K.L.; Robinson, L.K.; Hoyme, H.E.; Snell, C.; Khaole, N.; Asante, K.K.; Findlay, R.; Quinton, B.; Brooke, L.E.; May, P.A. Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: A second study of a very high prevalence area. J. Stud. Alcohol 2005, 5, 593-604.
37. May, P.A.; Gossage, J.P.; Marais, A.S.; Hendricks, L.; Snell, C.; Tabachnick, B.G.; Stellavato, C.; Buckley, D.G.; Brooke, L.; Viljoen, D.L. Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol syndrome and partial fetal alcohol syndrome in south Africa: a third study. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32, 738-753.
38. May, P.A.; Fiorentino, D.; Gossage, J.P.; Kalberg, W.O.; Hoyme, H.E.; Robinson, L.K.; Coriale, G.; Jones, K.L.; del Campo, M.; Tarani, L.; Romeo, M.; Kodituwakku, P.W.; Deiana, L.; Buckley, D.; Ceccanti, M. The epidemiology of FASD in a province in Italy: Prevalence and characteristics of children in a random sample of schools. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2006, 30, 1562-1575.
39. Kodituwakku, P.; Coriale, G.; Fiorentino, D.; Aragon, A.; Kalberg, W.O.; Buckley, D.; Gossage, J.P.; Ceccanti, M.; May, P.A. Neurobehavioral characteristics of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in communities from Italy: Preliminary results. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2006, 30, 1551-1561.
40. Aragón, A.; Coriale, G.; Fiorentino, D.; Kalberg, W.; Buckley, D.; Gossage, J.P.; Ceccanti, M.; Mitchell, E.; May, P.A. Neuropsychological characteristics of Italian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32, 1909-1919.
41. Hoyme, H.E.; May, P.A.; Kalberg, W.O.; Kodituwakku, P.; Gossage, J.P.; Trujillo, P.M.; Buckley, D.G.; Miller, J.H.; Aragon, A.S.; Khaole, N.; Viljoen, D.L.; Jones, K.L.; Robinson, L.K. A practical clinical approach to diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Clarification of the 1996 institute of medicine criteria. Pediatrics 2005, 115, 39-47.
42. Wurst, F.M.; Kelso, E.; Weinmann, W.; Pragst, F.; Yegles, M.; Sundström Poromaa, I. Measurement of direct ethanol metabolites suggests higher rate of alcohol use among pregnant women than found with the AUDIT-a pilot study in a population-based sample of Swedish women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2008, 198, 407.e1-407.e5.
43. Rustioni, D.M.L. Prove di Valutazione Della Comprensione Linguistica; Organizzazione Speciali: Firenze, Italy, 1994.
44. Raven, J.C.; Court, J.H.; Raven, J. Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales Section 1, General Overview and Section 2, Coloured Progressive Matrices; HK Lewis and Co, Ltd: London, UK, 1976.
45. Rubini, V.; Padovani, F. WISC-R Scala di Intelligenza Wechsler per Bambini Riveduta; Organizzazioni Speciali: Florence, Italy, 1986. (In Italaian).
46. Streissguth, A.P.; Bookstein, F.L.; Barr, H.M.; Press, S.; Sampson, P.D. A fetal alcohol behavior scale. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 1998, 22, 325-333.
47. Pelham, W.E., Jr.; Gnagy, E.M.; Greenslade, K.E.; Milich, R. Teacher ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms for the disruptive behavior disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. 1992, 31, 210-218.
48. Terreni, A.; Tretti, M.L.; Corcella, P.R.; Cornoldi, C.; Tressoldi, P.E. Questionario Osservativo per l'identificazione Precoce Delle Difficoltà di Apprendimento (IPDA); Erickson: Trento, Italy, 2002.
49. Dean, A.G.; Dean, J.A.; Burton, A.H.; Dicker, R.C. A Word Processing, Database, and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers; Epi Info Version 6; USD, Inc.: Atlanta, GA, USA, 1996.
50. Sokol, R.J.; Miller, S.I.; Debanne, S.; Golden, N.; Collins, G.; Kaplan, J.; Martier, S. The Cleveland NIAAA prospective alcohol-in-pregnancy study: the first year. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 1981, 3, 203-209.
51. Stoler, J.M.; Holmes, L.B. Recognition of facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome in the newborn. Am. J. Med. Genet. 2004, 127, 21-27.
52. Autti-Rämö, I.; Fagerlund, Å.; Ervalahti, N.; Korkman, M.; Hoyme, H.E. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in Finland: Clinical delineation of 77 older children and adolescents. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 2006, 140, 137-143.
53. Aragón, A.; Kalberg, W.; Barela, L.M.; Tabachnick, B.G.; May, P.A. Neuropsychological study of FASD in a sample of American Indian children: processing simple versus complex information. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32, 2136-2148.
54. Petković, G.; Barišić, I. FAS prevalence in a sample of urban schoolchildren in Croatia. Reprod. Toxicol. 2010, 29, 237-241.