Elite sport is not an additional source of distress for adolescents with high stress levels

Perceptual and Motor Skills

Volumn 112, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 581-599

  Gerber, Markus ^a   Trachsler Holsboer, Edith ^a   Pühse, Uwe ^a   Brand, Serge ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SPORT; SWITZERLAND;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SPORTS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SWITZERLAND;

EID: 79959807590     PISSN: 00315125     EISSN: 1558688X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/02.05.10.PMS.112.2.581-599     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Babiss, L. A., & Gangwisch, J. E. (2009) Sports participation as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents as mediated by self-esteem and social support. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30, 376-384.
2. Backhaus, J., & Riemann, D. (1996) Schlafstörungen bewältigen [Coping with sleep disorders]. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz Psychologie Verlags Union.
3. Berger, B. G. (1996) Psychological benefits of an active lifestyle: what we know and what we need to know. Quest, 48, 330-353.
4. Brand, S., Beck, J., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009a) Evidence of favorable sleep-EEG patterns in adolescent male vigorous football players compared to controls. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11, 465-475.
5. Brand, S., Beck, J., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009b) "Football is good for your sleep": favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning of adolescent male intense football players compared to controls. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 1144-1155.
6. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010) Exercising, sleep-EEG patterns, and psychological functioning are related among adolescents. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11, 129-140.
7. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2009) Evidence for similarities between adolescents and parents in sleep patterns. Sleep Medicine, 10, 1124-1131.
8. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Hatzinger, M., Beck, J., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010) High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 133-141.
9. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010a) Depression, hypomania, and dysfunctional cognitions as mediators between stress and insomnia: the best advice is not always found on the pillow! International Journal of Stress Management, 17, 114-134.
10. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010b) The relation between sleep and pain among a non-clinical sample of young adults. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. DOI:10.1007/s00406-00010-00113-00402.
11. Brettschneider, W-D., & Klimek, G. (1998) Sportbetonte Schulen. Ein Königsweg zur Förderung sportlicher Talente? [Sport schools: the best way to promote talents?] Aachen, Germany: Meyer & Meyer.
12. Brill, S. R., Patel, D. R., & MacDonald, E. (2001) Psychosomatic disorders in pediatrics. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 68, 597-603.
13. Brown, J. D., & Lawton, M. (1986) Stress and well-being in adolescents: the moderating role of physical exercise. Journal of Human Stress, 12, 125-131.
14. Brown, J. D., & Siegel, J. M. (1988) Exercise as a buffer of life stress: a prospective study of adolescent health. Health Psychology, 7, 341-355.
15. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Review, 28, 193-213.
16. Byrne, D. G., Davenport, S. C., & Mazanov, J. (2007) Profiles of adolescent stress: the development of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ). Journal of Adolescence, 30, 393-416.
17. Caspersen, C. J., Pereira, M. A., & Curran, K. M. (2000) Changes in physical activity patterns in the United States, by sex and cross-sectional age. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32, 1601-1609.
18. Chen, X., Beydoun, M. A., & Wang, Y. (2008) Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity, 16, 265-274.
19. Cohen, J. (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
21. Cole, D. A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J., & Paul, G. (2006) Stress exposure and stress generation in child and adolescent depression: a latent trait-state error approach to longitudinal analyses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 40-51.
22. Coleman, D. (1993) Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions, and health. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 350-361.
23. Côté, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2003) From play to practice: a developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sport. In J. Starkes & K. A. Ericsson (Eds.), Expert performance in sports: advances in research on sport expertise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 89-114.
24. Davis, M. C., Matthews, K. A., & Twamley, E. W. (1999) Is life more difficult on Mars or Venus? A meta-analytic review of sex differences in major and minor life events. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 83-97.
25. De Knop, P. (1998) Worldwide trends in youth sport. In R. Naul (Ed.), Physical activity and active lifestyle of children and youth. Schorndorf, Germany: Hofmann. Pp. 52-62.
26. Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) The memory function of sleep. Nature Review Neuroscience, 11, 114-126.
27. Ekeland, E., Heian, F., & Hagen, K. B. (2005) Can exercise improve self-esteem in children and young people? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 792-798.
28. Ekkekakis, P., & Acevedo, E. O. (2006) Affective responses to acute exercise: toward a psychobiological dose-response model. In E. O. Acevedo & P. Ekkekakis (Eds.), Psychobiology of physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 91-110.
29. Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993) The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363-406.
30. Flammer, A., & Alsaker, F. D. (2006) Adolescents in school. In S. Jackson & L. Goossens (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent development: European perspectives. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. Pp. 223-245.
31. Franks, B. D. (1994) What is stress? Quest, 46, 1-7.
32. Frey, S., Balu, S., Greusing, S., Rothen, N., & Cajochen, C. (2009) Consequences of the timing of menarche on female adolescent sleep phase preference. PLoS One, 4, e5217.
33. Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993a) Adolescent Coping Scale: administrator's manual. Hawthorn, Australia: The Australian Council for Educational Research.
34. Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993b) Boys play sport and girls turn to others: age, gender, and ethnicity as determinants of coping. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 253-266.
35. Gerber, M. (2007) Schützt sportliche Aktivität im Jugendalter vor stressbedingten Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen? Empirische Befunde aus der Basler Sport und Stress Studie [Does sport participation protect against stress-related symptoms of psychopathology? Empirical results of the Basel Sport and Stress Study]. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für "Sportmedizin und Sporttraumatologie, " 55, 77-87.
36. Gerber, M., Brand, S., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2010) Fitness and exercise as correlates of sleep complaints: is it all in our minds? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42, 893-901.
37. Gerber, M., & Pühse, U. (2008) Don't crack under pressure! Do leisure time physical activity and self-esteem moderate the relationship between school-based stress and psychosomatic complaints? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65, 363-369.
38. Gerber, M., & Pühse, U. (2009) Do exercise and fitness protect against stress-induced health complaints? A review of the literature. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 801-819.
39. Ghesquiere, A., Fan, M. Y., Berliner, L., Rivara, F. P., Jurkovich, G. J., Russo, J., Katon, W., & Zatzick, D. F. (2008) Adolescents' and parents' agreement on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functioning after adolescent injury. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, 487-491.
40. Giedd, J. N., Blumentahl, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. (1999) Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 861-863.
41. Gogoll, A. (2004) Belasteter Geist-Gefährdeter Körper. Sport, Stress und Gesundheit im Kindes-und Jugendalter [Threatened mind-endangered body: exercise, stress, and health during childhood and adolescence]. Schorndorf, Germany: Hofmann.
42. Goldbeck, L., Schmitz, T. G., Besier, T., Herschbach, P., & Henrich, G. (2007) Life satisfaction decreases during adolescence. Quality of Life Research, 16, 969-979.
43. Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Gipson, P. Y. (2004) Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: measurement issues and prospective effects. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 412-425.
44. Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., Gipson, P. Y., Campbell, A. J., Krochocka, K., & Westerholm, R. I. (2006) Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: evidence of moderating and mediating effects. Clinical Psychological Journal, 26, 257-283.
45. Harvey, A. G. (2002) A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 869-894.
46. Haugland, S., Wold, B., & Torsheim, T. (2003) Relieving the pressure? The role of physical activity in the relationship between school-related stress and adolescent health complaints. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74, 127-135.
47. Hetland, J., Torsheim, T., & Aarø, L. E. (2002) Subjective health complaints in adolescence: dimensional structure and variation across gender and age. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 30, 223-230.
48. Iwasaki, Y., Mannell, R. C., Smale, B. J., & Butcher, J. (2005) Contributions of leisure participation in predicting stress coping and health among police and emergency response services workers. Journal of Health Psychology, 10, 79-99.
49. Jackson, E. M., & Dishman, R. K. (2006) Cardiorespiratory fitness and laboratory stress: a meta-regression analysis. Psychophysiology, 43, 57-72.
50. Johnson, C. C., Murray, D. M., Elder, J. P., Jobe, J. B., Dunn, A. L., Kubik, M., Voorhees, C., & Schachter, K. (2008) Depressive symptoms and physical activity in adolescent girls. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40, 818-826.
51. Kaneita, Y., Ohida, T., Osaki, Y., Tanihata, T., Minowa, M., Suzuki, K., Wada, K., Kanda, H., & Hayashi, K. (2007) Association between mental health status and sleep status among adolescents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68, 1426-1435.
52. Kellmann, M. (2002) Underrecovery and overtraining: differrent concepts-similar impact? In M. Kellmann (Ed.), Enhancing recovery: preventing underperformance in athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 3-24.
53. Killgore, W. D., Kahn-Greene, E. T., Lipizzi, E. L., Newman, R. A., Kamimori, G. H., & Balkin, T. J. (2008) Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Medicine, 9, 517-526.
54. Kimball, A., & Freysinger, V. J. (2003) Leisure, stress, and coping: the sport participation of collegiate student-athletes. Leisure Sciences, 25, 115-141.
55. Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Puccetti, M. C. (1982) Personality and exercise as buffers in the stress-illness relationship. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 391-404.
56. Lamberg, L. (2005) Sleep may be athletes' best performance booster. Psychiatric News, 40, 21.
57. Laux, L., Glanzmann, P., Schaffner, P., & Spielberger, C. D. (1981) State-Trait-Angstinventar [German version of Spielberger, et al.'s State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
58. Li, R. H., Wing, Y. K., Ho, S. C., & Fong, S. Y. (2002) Gender differences in insomnia: a study in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 601-609.
59. Malina, R. B., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004) Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
60. Meijer, A. M., Habekothe, R. T., & van den Wittenboer, G. L. (2001) Mental health, parental rules, and sleep in pre-adolescents. Journal of Sleep Research, 10, 297-302.
61. Mercer, P. W., Merritt, S. L., & Cowell, J. M. (1998) Differences in reported sleep need among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 259-263.
62. Metsä-Tokila, T. (2002) Combining competitive sports and education: how top-level sport became part of the school system in the Soviet Union, Sweden, and Finland. European Physical Education Review, 8, 196-206.
63. Mota, J., Santos, M. P., & Ribeiro, J. C. (2008) Differences in leisure-time activities according to level of physical activity in adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5, 286-293.
64. Norris, R., Carroll, D., & Cochrane, R. (1992) The effects of physical activity and exercise training on psychological stress and well-being in an adolescent population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 55-65.
65. O'Brien, R. W., & Iannotti, R. J. (1993) Differences in mothers' and children's perceptions of urban black children's life stress. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 543-557.
66. O'Malley, E. B., & O'Malley, M. B. (2008) School start time and its impact on learning and behavior. In A. Ivanenko (Ed.), Sleep and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. New York: Informa Health Care. Pp. 79-94.
67. Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G. C., Lemyre, P-N., & Miller, B. W. (2006) Parental and coach support or pressure on psychosocial outcomes of pediatric athletes in soccer. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 16, 522-526.
68. Patriksson, G. (1988) Theoretical and empirical analyses of dropouts from youth sports in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Science, 10, 29-37.
69. Paus, T., Kashavan, M., & Giedd, J. N. (2008) Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 947-957.
70. Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005) Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18, 189-193.
71. Ratcliff, R., & Van Dongen, H. P. (2009) Sleep deprivation affects multiple distinct cognitive processes. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 9, 742-751.
72. Roth, D. L., & Holmes, D. S. (1985a) Influence of aerobic exercise training and relaxation training on physical and psychologic health following stressful life events. Psychosomatic Medicine, 49, 355-365.
73. Roth, D. L., & Holmes, D. S. (1985b) Influence of physical fitness in determining the impact of stressful life events on physical and psychological health. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 164-173.
74. Röthlisberger, C., Calmonte, R., & Seiler, R. (1997) Sport, Stress und emotionaler Rückhalt als Determinanten von Gesundheits-und Lebenszufriedenheit bei Adoleszenten. Eine zweijährige Longitudinalstudie [Exercise, stress, and emotional support as determinants of health and life satisfaction among adolescents: a two-year longitudinal study]. Psychologie und Sport, 4, 92-101.
75. Samuels, C. (2009) Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 20, 149-159.
76. Sothmann, M. S. (2006) The cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis and exercise training. In E. O. Acevedo & P. Ekkekakis (Eds.), Psychobiology of physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Pp. 149-160.
77. Spear, L. (2000) The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 417-463.
78. Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. (2007) Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Sleep Medicine, 8, 331-343.
79. Storch, E. A., Storch, J. B., Killiany, E. M., & Roberti, J. W. (2005) Self-reported psychopathology in athletes: a comparison of intercollegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 28, 87-98.
80. Szabo, A. (2000) Physical activity as a source of psychological dysfunction. In S. J. Biddle, K. R. Fox, & S. H. Boutcher (Eds.), Physical activity and psychological well-being. London: Routledge. Pp. 130-153.
81. Telama, R., & Yang, X. (2000) Decline of physical activity from youth to young adulthood in Finland. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32, 1617-1622.
82. Verhulst, S. L., Jacobs, S., Aerts, L., Schrauwen, N., Haentjens, D., Rooman, R. P., Gaal, L. V., De Backer, W. A., & Desager, K. N. (2009) Sleep-disordered breathing: a new risk factor of suspected fatty liver disease in overweight children and adolescents? Sleep Breath, 13, 207-210.
83. von Zerssen, D. (1976) Depressivitäts-Skala [Depression Scale]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
84. Weiss, M. R., & Smith, A. L. (2002) Friendship quality in youth sport: relationship to age, gender, and motivation variables. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 420-437.
85. White, K. S., & Farrell, A. D. (2006) Anxiety and psychosocial stress as predictors of headache and abdominal pain in urban early adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31, 582-596.
86. Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. (1998) Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents. Child Development, 69, 875-887.
87. Yin, Z., Davis, C. L., Moore, J. B., & Treiber, F. A. (2005) Physical activity buffers the effects of chronic stress on adiposity in youth. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 29-36.
88. Youngstedt, D. F., & Freelove-Charton, J. D. (2005) Exercise and sleep. In G. E. J. Faulkner & A. H. Taylor (Eds.), Exercise, health, and mental health. London: Routledge. Pp. 159-189.