Analysis of the tropical climate variability in a two-column framework

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 73-81

  Bellon, Gilles ^a   Gastineau, Guillaume ^b   Ribes, Aurélien ^a   Le Treut, Hervé ^b  

^a CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

^b ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE   (France)

Author keywords

Idealized framework; Tropical climate

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; RADIATIVE FORCING; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY;

EID: 79959794650     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0864-5     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bajuk LJ, Leovy CB (1998) Seasonal and interannual variations in stratiform and convective clouds over the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans from ship observations. J Clim 11(11): 2922-2941.
2. Bellon G, Le Treut H, Ghil M (2003) Large-scale and evaporation-wind feedbacks in a box model of the tropical climate. Geophys Res Lett 30: 2145. doi: 10. 1029/2003GL017895.
3. Bony S, Dufresne JL (2005) Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in climate model. Geophys Res Lett 32: L20806. doi: 10. 1029/2005GL023851.
4. Bony S, Lau KM, Sud YC (1997) Sea surface temperature and large-scale circulation influences on tropical greenhouse effect and cloud radiative forcing. J Clim 10: 2055-2077.
5. Bretherton CS, Peters ME, Back LE (2004) Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J Clim 17: 1517-1528.
6. Clement AC, Burgman R, Norris JR (2009) Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback. Science 325(5939): 460-464. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1171255.
7. Cronin M, Bond N, Fairall C, Weller R (2006) Surface cloud forcing in the East Pacific stratus deck/cold tongue/ITCZ complex. J Clim 19(3): 392-409.
8. Dufresne JL, Bony S (2008) An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models. J Clim 21(19): 5135-5144.
9. Held IM, Hou AY (1980) Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere. J Atmos Sci 37: 515-533.
10. Ide K, Le Treut H, Li ZX, Ghil M (2001) Atmospheric radiative equilibria. Part II: bimodal solutions for atmospheric optical properties. Clim Dyn 18: 29-49.
11. Jakob C (1999) Cloud cover in the ECMWF reanalysis. J Clim 12(4): 947-959.
12. Klein SA, Hartmann DL (1993) The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J Climate 6: 1587-1606.
13. Larson K, Hartmann DL (2003) Interactions among cloud, water vapor, radiation, and large-scale circulation in the tropical climate. Part II: sensitivity to spatial gradients of sea surface temperature. J Clim 16(10): 1441-1455.
14. Larson K, Hartmann DL, Klein SA (1999) The role of clouds, water vapor, circulation, and boundary layer structure in the sensitivity of the tropical climate. J Clim 12: 2359-2374.
15. Lindzen RS, Hou AY (1988) Hadley circulations for zonally averaged heating centered off the equator. J Atmos Sci 45: 2416-2427.
16. Miller RL (1997) Tropical thermostats and low cloud cover. J Clim 10: 409-440.
17. Neelin JD, Battisti DS, Hirst AC, Jin FF, Wakata Y, Yamagata T, Zebiak S (1998) Enso theory. J Geophys Res Atmos 103 (C7): 14261-14290.
18. Neelin JD, Munnich M, Su H, Meyerson JE, Holloway CE (2006) Tropical drying trends in global warming models and observations. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103: 6110-6115.
19. Nilsson J, Emanuel KA (1999) Equilibrium atmospheres of a two-column radiative-convective model. Q J R Meteorol Soc 125: 2239-2264.
20. Norris JR, Klein SA (2000) Low cloud type over the ocean from surface observations. Part III: relationship to vertical motion and the regional surface synoptic environment. J Clim 13: 245-256.
21. Norris JR, Leovy CB (1994) Interannual variability in stratiform cloudiness and sea surface temperature. J Clim 7(12): 1915-1925.
22. Oort AH, Rasmusson EM (1970) On the annual variation of the monthly mean meridional circulation. Mon Weather Rev 98: 423-442.
23. Oort AH, Yienger JJ (1996) Observed interannual variability in the Hadley circulation and its connection to ENSO. J Clim 19(11): 2751-2767.
24. Pierrehumbert RT (1995) Thermostats, radiator fins, and the local runaway greenhouse. J Atmos Sci 52: 1784-1806.
25. Raymond DJ, Zeng X (2000) Instability and large-scale circulations in a two-column model of the tropical troposphere. Q J R Meteorol Soc 126 (570): 3117-3135.
26. Rennó NO (1994) Multiple equilibria in radiative-convective atmospheres. Tellus A 49: 423-438.
27. Schiffer RA, Rossow WB (1983) The international satellite cloud climatology project (ISCCP): The first project of the world climate research programme. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 64: 779-784.
28. Seidel D, Fu Q, Randel W, Reichler T (2008) Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate. Nat Geosci 1: 21-24.
29. Simmons AJ, Gibson JK (2000) The ERA-40 project plan, ERA-40 project report series No. 1. European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast, Reading.
30. Sobel AH, Held IM, Bretherton CS (2002) The ENSO signal in tropical tropospheric temperature. J Clim 15: 2702-2706.
31. Sobel AH, Bellon G, Bacmeister JT (2007) Multiple equilibria in a single-column model of the tropical atmosphere. Geophys Res Lett 34: L22804. doi: 10. 1029/2007GL031320.
32. Stevens B, Beljaars A, Bordoni S, Holloway C, Khler M, Krueger S, Savic-Jovcic V, Zhang Y (2007) On the structure of the lower troposphere in the summertime stratocumulus regime of the northeast Pacific. Mon Weather Rev 135: 985-1005.
33. Walker C, Schneider T (2005) Response of idealized Hadley circulations to seasonally varying heating. Geophys Res Lett 32: L06813.
34. Weare BC (2000) Near-global observations of low clouds. J Clim 13(7): 1255-1268.
35. Zhang C, Mapes BE, Soden BJ (2003) Bimodality in tropical water vapour. Q J R Meteorol Soc 129: 2849-2866.
36. Zhu P, Hack JJ, Kiehl JT, Bretherton CS (2007) Climate sensitivity of tropical and subtropical marine low cloud amount to ENSO and global warming due to doubled CO2. J Geophys Res Atmos 112: D17108. doi: 10. 1029/2006JD008174.