Greenhouse gas emissions from waste management-Assessment of quantification methods

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 61, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 480-493

  Mohareb, Eugene A ^a   MacLean, Heather L ^a   Kennedy, Christopher A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; BIOGAS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE MODELS; COMPOSTING; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; GAS EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; LAND FILL; MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES;

CLIMATE PROTECTION; GREATER TORONTO AREA; INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGES; MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT; MANAGEMENT DECISIONS; MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT; QUANTIFICATION METHODS; U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY;

WASTE INCINERATION;

CARBON; CARBON DIOXIDE; METHANE;

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION; ARTICLE; CARBON FOOTPRINT; CARBON SINK; CLIMATE CHANGE; LANDFILL; LANDFILL GAS; LANDFILL WASTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WASTE MANAGEMENT; AIR POLLUTION; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HEALTH; HUMAN; INCINERATION; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; STANDARD; WASTE DISPOSAL;

AIR POLLUTION; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FOOTPRINT; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; HUMANS; INCINERATION; METHANE; REFUSE DISPOSAL; URBAN HEALTH; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 79959775659     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.5.480     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. National Inventory Report: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada, 1990-2007; Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2009; available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/pdb/ghg/inventory_report/2007/som-sum_eng.cfm (accessed October 8, 2009).
2. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1990-2008; EPA 430-R-10-006; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2010; available at http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport. html (accessed May 20, 2010).
3. Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants in the City of Toronto; Prepared by ICF International for the City of Toronto: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2007; available at http://www.toronto.ca/teo/pdf/ghg-aq-inventory-june2007. pdf (accessed October 12, 2009).
4. Kennedy, C.; Ramaswami, A.; Carney, S.; Dhakal, S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baselines for Global Cities and Metropolitan Regions; 2009; available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1256566800920/6505269-1268260567624/Kennedy Comm.pdf (accessed May 20, 2010).
5. Kennedy C.; Bristow D.; Derrible S.; Mohareb E.; Saneinejad S.; Stupka R.; Sugar L.; Zizzo R.; McIntyre B. Getting to Carbon Neutral: a Review of Best Practices in Infrastructure Strategy. In Proceedings of the Fifth Urban Research Symposium; Marseille, France, June 28-30, 2009; available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTURBANDEVELOPMENT/0, contentMDK:22446625_menuPK: 360757_pagePK:210058_piPK:210062_theSitePK:337178,00.html (accessed May 20, 2010).
6. Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor M., Miller, H.L., Eds; Cambridge University: New York, 2007.
7. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 5-Waste; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
8. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Module 6-Waste; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Geneva, Switzerland, 1996.
9. Waste Reduction Model (WARM); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2009; available at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html (accessed November 2, 2009).
10. Inventory Quantification Support Spreadsheet; Federation of Canadian Municipalities: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2009; available at http://www. sustainablecommunities.fcm.ca/files/Capacity_Building_-_PCP/GHG-inventoryquantification-spreadsh.xls-En.xls (accessed October 10, 2009).
11. IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Programme: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009; available at http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp (accessed September 17, 2009).
12. Connor, J. ICLEI Canada, Toronto, Ontario. Personal Communication, June 2010.
13. Waste Management Industry Survey-Business and Government Sectors; Catalogue No. 16F0023X; Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2008.
14. 2006 Community Profiles; Statistics Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2010; available at http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dppd/prof/92-591/index.cfm?Lang_E (accessed May 17, 2010).
15. Solid Waste Management in Metropolitan Toronto-an Outline of the Function and Facilities of the Works Department; File No. 51; City of Toronto Archives: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1980.
16. Anderson R. In Environmental Geology of Urban Areas; Eyles, N., Ed.; Geological Association of Canada: St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, 1997; pp 323-330.
17. Kennedy, C.; Cuddihy, J.; Engel-Yan, J. The Changing Metabolism of Cities; J. Ind. Ecol. 2007, 11, 43-59.
18. Residential Waste Diversion Rate; City of Toronto: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2005; available at http://www.toronto.ca/garbage/residentialdiversion. htm (accessed February 2008).
19. Barton T. Region of Peel, Mississauga, Ontario. Personal Communication, November 2009.
20. Darnell-Omotani, L. Region of York, Newmarket, Ontario. Personal Communication, November 2009.
21. Watson, J. Region of Halton, Oakville, Ontario. Personal Communication, November 2009.
22. Waste Reports; Durham Region; 2009; available at http://www.region. durham.on.ca/extcontent.asp?nr_/departments/works/waste/wastgeninfo.htm& setFooter_/includes/wasteFooter.inc#Reports (accessed October 8, 2009).
23. Toronto Waste Audits, 2005-2006; Stewardship Ontario; 2009; http://www.stewardshipontario.ca/bluebox/eefund/projects/audits/waste_audit. htm (accessed October 23, 2009).
24. Harvey, L.D.D. Energy and the New Reality-Volume 1; Earthscan: London, United Kingdom, 2010.
25. Canadian Climate Normals or Averages, 1971-2000; Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2008; available at http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html (accessed November 1, 2009).
26. Toller, S.; Kärrman, E.; Gustafsson, J.P.; Magnusson, Y. Environmental Assessment of Incinerator Residue Utilisation; Waste Manage. 2009, 29, 2071-2077.
27. Finnveden, G.; Johansson, J.; Lind, P.; Moberg, A. Life Cycle Assessment of Energy from Solid Waste-Part 1: General Methodology and Results; J. Clean. Prod. 2005, 13, 213-229.
28. Mohareb, A.K.; Warith, M.A.; Diaz, R. Modelling Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategies in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Resour. Conserv. Recycling 2008, 52, 1241-1251.
29. MacLean, H.L.; Lave, L.B. Life Cycle Assessment of Automobile/Fuel Options; Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 5445-5452.
30. Cleary, J. Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. Personal Communication, October 2009.
31. Finnveden, G. Methodological Aspects of Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems; Resour. Conserv. Recycling 1999, 26, 173-187.
32. Cleary, J. Life Cycle Assessments of Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems-a Comparative Analysis of Selected Peer-Reviewed Literature; Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 1256-1266.
33. Denison, R.A. Environmental Life-Cycle Comparisons of Recycling, Landfilling and Incineration: a Review of Recent Studies; Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 1996, 21, 191-237.
34. The Role of Recycling in Integrated Solid Waste Management to the Year 2000. Stamford, CT; Franklin Associates: Prairie Village, KS, 1994 34a.
35. Denison, R.A. Environmental Life-Cycle Comparisons of Recycling, Landfilling and Incineration: a Review of Recent Studies; Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 1996, 21, 191-237.
36. Lou, X.F.; Nair, J. The Impact of Landfilling and Composting on Greenhouse Gas Emissions-a Review; Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 3792-3798.
37. Stein, V.B.; Hettiaratchi, J.P.A. Methane Oxidation in Three Alberta Soils: Influence of Soil Parameters and Methane Flux Rates; Environ. Technol. 2001, 22, 101-111.
38. Landfill Gas-Brock West Gas-to-Energy Project; Environment Canada: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2003; available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/nopp/lfg/en/issue5.cfm (accessed November 6, 2009).
39. C40 Cities-Best Practices-Waste: City of Toronto Organic Waste; C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group; 2009; available at http://www. c40cities.org/bestpractices/waste/toronto_organic.jsp (accessed November 21, 2009).
40. Barlaz, M.A.; Chanton, J.P.; Green, R.B. Controls on Landfill Gas Collection Efficiency: Instantaneous and Lifetime Performance; J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 2009, 59, 1399-1404; doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.12.1399.
41. Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases-a Life-Cycle Approach to Sources and Sinks; 3rd ed.; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2006.
42. Barlaz, M.A. Carbon Storage during Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste Components in Laboratory-Scale Landfills; Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1998, 12, 373-380.
43. Benson, C.H.; Barlaz, M.A.; Lane, D.T.; Rawe, J.M. Practice Review of Five Bioreactor/Recirculation Landfills; Waste Manage. 2007, 27, 13-29.
44. Amlinger, F.; Peyr, S.; Cuhls Carsten, C. Green House Gas Emissions from Composting and Mechanical Biological Treatment; Waste Manage. Res. 2008, 26, 47-60
45. Ontario's Coal Phase Out Plan-Newsroom; Government of Ontario; 2009; available at http://news.ontario.ca/mei/en/2009/09/ontarios-coal-phase-out-plan. html (accessed June 10, 2010).
46. Lombardi, L.; Carnevale, E.; Corti, A. Greenhouse Effect Reduction and Energy Recovery from Waste Landfill; Energy 2006, 31, 3208-3219.
47. 2O from Mechanically Turned Windrow and Vermicomposting Systems following In-Vessel Pre-Treatment; Waste Manage. 2005, 25, 345-352.
48. Andersen, J.K. Quantification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Windrow Composting of Garden Waste; J. Environ. Qual. 2010, 39, 713-724.
49. Brown, S.; Kruger, C.; Subler, S. Greenhouse Gas Balance for Composting Operations; J. Environ. Qual. 2008, 37, 1396-1410.