The re-landscaping of the legal profession: Large law firms and professional re-regulation

Current Sociology

Volumn 59, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 507-529

  Flood, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

authorized internal regulation; global professional services firms; professional regulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 79959763540     PISSN: 00113921     EISSN: 14617064     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011392111402725     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Abel R. (1988) The Legal Profession in England and Wales. Oxford: Blackwell.
2. Abel R. (2003) English Lawyers between Market and State: The Politics of Professionalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3. Abbott A. (1988) The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4. Ackroyd S. and Muzio D. (2005) On the consequences of defensive professionalism: The transformation of the legal labour process. Journal of Law and Society 32(4): 615-642.
5. Anderson-Gough F., Grey C. and Robson K. (1998) Making up Accountants. Aldershot: Gower Ashgate.
6. Anderson-Gough F., Grey C. and Robson K. (2001) Tests of time: Organizational time-reckoning and the making of accountants in two multi-national accounting firms. Accounting, Organizations and Society 26(2): 99-122.
7. Arnold P. (2005) Disciplining domestic regulation: The world trade organization and the market for professional services. Accounting, Organizations and Society 30: 299-330.
8. Beaverstock J., Smith R. and Taylor P. (1999) The long arm of the law: London's law firms in a globalizing world economy. Environment and Planning A 31(10): 1857-1876.
9. Beaverstock J., Smith R. and Taylor P. (2000) Geographies of globalization: United States law firms in world cities. Urban Geography 21(2): 95-120.
10. Black J. (2010) Risk based regulation: A short introduction for the Legal Services Board. In: Roy A (ed.) The Future of Legal Services: Emergent Thinking. Available at: www.legalservicesboard.org.uk/news_publications/press_releases/2010/pdf/14_june_conference_papers_master.pdf.
11. Black J. and Baldwin R. (2010) Really responsive risk-based regulation. Law and Policy 32(2): 181-213.
12. Brock D. and Powell M. (2005) Radical strategic change in the global professional network: The 'big five' 1999-2001. Journal of Organizational Change Management 18(5): 451-468.
13. Brock D, Hinings CR and Powell M (eds) (1999) Restructuring the Professional Organization: Accounting, Health Care and Law. London: Routledge.
14. Brock D., Yaffe T. and Dembovsky M. (2006) International diversification strategies and effectiveness: A study of global law firms. Journal of International Management 12(4): 473-489.
15. Burki S. and Perry G. (1998) Beyond the Washington Consensus: Institutions Matter. Washington, DC: World Bank.
16. Byrne M. (2010) UK Top 30: Revenues Shrink by Half a Billion as PEP Rebounds. Available at: www.thelawyer.com/1005004.article.
17. CCBE (Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe). (2008) Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession and Code of Conduct for European Lawyers. Available at: www.ccbe.org/fileadmin/user_upload/NTCdocument/EN_Code_of_conductp1_1249308118.pdf.
18. Clementi D. (2004) Review of the Regulatory Framework for Legal Services in England and Wales: Final Report. Available at: www.legal-services-review.org.uk/content/report/index.htm.
19. CLLS (City of London Law Society). (2007) Parliamentary Brief. Available at: www.citysolicitors.org.uk/FileServer.aspx?oID=283andlID=0.
20. CLLS (City of London Law Society). (2008) Consultation Paper 2: Changes to 'Framework of Practice' Rules. 17 April. Available at: www.citysolicitors.org.uk/FileServer.aspx?oID=342andlID=0.
21. CLLS (City of London Law Society). (2009) Response to Lord Hunt's Review of Legal Regulation. 9 April. Available at: www.citysolicitors.org.uk/FileServer.aspx?oID=556andlID=0.
22. Cooper D. and Robson K. (2006) Accounting, professions and regulation: Locating the sites of professionalization. Accounting, Organizations and Society 31(4-5): 415-444.
23. Covaleski M., Dirsmith M., Heian J. and Samuel S. (1998) The calculated and the avowed: Techniques of discipline and struggle over identity in big six public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 43(2): 293-327.
24. Darrois J. (2009) Rapport sur les professions du droit. Available at: www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/rap_com_darrois_20090408.pdf.
25. Davis A. (2010) A New Approach to Law Firm Regulation. 22 July. Available at: www.law.com/jsp/tal/PubArticleTAL.jsp?id=1202463792675andslreturn=1andhbxlogin=1.
26. Dean J. (2010) SRA poised to relax conflict of interest rules. Law Society Gazette. Available at: www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/sra-poised-relax-conflict-interest-rule.
27. Denyer S. (2010) Paper presented at 'A Model for International Choice of Law and Coordination of Attorney Regulation', International Legal Ethics Conference IV, Stanford Law School, July.
28. Dezalay Y. (1995) 'Turf battles' or 'class struggles': The internationalization of the market for expertise in the 'professional society'. Accounting, Organizations and Society 20(5): 331-344.
29. Evetts J. (2002) New directions in state and international professional occupations: Discretionary decision-making and acquired regulation. Work, Employment and Society 16(2): 341-353.
30. Faulconbridge J. and Muzio D. (2008) Organizational professionalism in globalizing law firm. Work, Employment and Society 22(1): 7-25.
31. Faulconbridge J., Cook A. and Muzio D. (forthcoming)Learning to be a lawyer in transnational law firms: Communities of practice, institutions and identity regulation. Global Networks.
32. Flood J. (1996) Megalawyering in the global order: The cultural, social and economic transformation of global legal practice. International Journal of the Legal Profession 3(2/3): 169-214.
33. Flood J. (2002) Capital markets, globalisation and global elites. In: Likosky M (ed.) Transnational Legal Processes: Globalisation and Power Disparities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Flood J. (2007) Lawyers as sanctifiers of value creation. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 14(1): 35-66.
35. Flood J. (2008) Will there be fallout from Clementi? The global repercussions for the legal profession after the UK Legal Services Act 2007. Miami-Florida European Union Center Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series, 8, No. 6.
36. Flood J. and Sosa F. (2008) Lawyers, law firms and the stabilization of transnational business. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 28(3): 489-525.
37. Freidson E. (1970) Professional Dominance: The Social Structure of Medical Care. New York: Atherton Press.
38. Freidson E. (1994) Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
39. Freidson E. (2001) Professionalism: The Third Logic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
40. Galanter M. and Henderson W. (2008) The elastic tournament: A second transformation of the big law firm. Stanford Law Review 60(6): 1867-1929.
41. Galanter M. and Palay T. (1991) Tournament of Lawyers: The Transformation of the Big Law Firm. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Ganz K. (2010a) Linklaters Loss in India Tax Case May Raise Cost for Foreign Law Firms. 20 July. Available at: www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-20/linklaters-loss-in-india-tax-case-may-raise-costs-for-foreign-lawfirms.html.
43. Ganz K. (2010b) Clifford Chance's Popham Heads UK Govt India Mission for Lawyers 'Market Access Negotiations'. 26 July. Available at: www.legallyindia.com/201007251139/Law-firms/clifford-chances-popham-heads-uk-govt-india-mission-for-lawyers-and-market-access-negotiations.
44. Gessner V. (2009) Towards a theoretical framework for contractual certainty in global trade. In: Gessner V (ed.) Contractual Certainty in International Trade: Empirical Studies and Theoretical Debates on Institutional Support for Global Economic Exchanges. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
45. Gibb F. (2010) Solicitors to be freed from red tape for a 'grown-up relationship' with regulator. TimesOnline, 30 March. Available at: business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/law/columnists/article7081491.ece.
46. Goff P. (2007) Global law: A legal phenomenon emerging from the process of globalization. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 14(1): 119-145.
47. Goldsmith J. (2010) The secret world of GATS. Law Society Gazette 14 June. Available at: www.lawgazette.co.uk/blogs/euro-blog/the-secret-world-gats.
48. Greenwood R., Suddaby R. and Hinings C. (2002) Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal 45(1): 58-80.
49. Grey C. (1994) Career as a project of the self and labour process discipline. Sociology 28(2): 479-497.
50. Grey C. (1998) On being a professional in a 'big six' firm. Accounting, Organizations and Society 23(5-6): 569-587.
51. Griffiths-Baker J. (2002) Serving Two Masters: Conflicts of Interest in the Modern Law Firm. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
52. GSC (Global Services Coalition). (2010) GSC Letter to G-20. 10 June. Available at: www.esf.be/new/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/GSC-Letter-to-G20-June-2010-Final.pdf.
53. Hadfield G. (2008) Legal barriers to innovation: The growing economic cost of professional control over corporate legal markets. Stanford Law Review 60(6): 1689-1732.
54. Hagan J. and Kay F. (2003) Building trust: Social capital, distributive justice, and loyalty to the firm. Law and Social Inquiry 28(2): 483-519.
55. Heinz J., Nelson R. and Laumann E. (2001) The scale of justice: Observations on the transformation of urban law practice. Annual Review of Sociology 27: 337-362.
56. House of Commons Library. (2007) Legal Services Bill [HL] committee stage report. Research Paper 07/61.
57. Hunt, Lord (2009) The Hunt Review of the Regulation of Legal Services. London: Law Society. Available at: www.legalregulationreview.com/files/Legal%20Regulation%20Report%20FINAL.pdf.
58. IBA (International Bar Association). (1988) International Code of Ethics. Available at: www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?DocumentUid=A9AB05AA-8B69-4BF2-B52C97E1CF774A1B.
59. IFSL (International Financial Services London). (2009) Research Legal Services 2009. February. Available at: www.ifsl.org.uk/output/ReportItem.aspx?NewsID=87.
60. JCDLSB (Joint Committee on the Draft Legal Services Bill). (2006) Draft Legal Services Bill. Volume II: Evidence HC. 1154-II; HL Paper 232-II.
61. Johnson T. (1972) Professions and Power. London: Macmillan.
62. Koh Y., Kim D., Yoon K., Lee S. and Chung W (2009) Improving the Regulatory Framework of Professional Services in Korea, No. 800. Seoul: Korea Development Institute.
63. Larson M. (1977) The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
64. Lee R. (2010) Liberalisation of legal services in Europe: Progress and prospects. Legal Studies 30(2): 186-207.
65. Lukes S. (2005) Power: A Radical View. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
66. Macdonald K. (1995) The Sociology of the Professions. London: Sage.
67. McIntosh D. (2007) Chairman's column. City Solicitor No. 57 (Summer).
68. Maister D. (1997) Managing the Professional Service Firm. New York: Free Press.
69. Malhotra N., Morris T. and Hinings CR (2006) Variations in organization form among professional service organizations. In: Greenwood R, Suddaby R and McDougald M (eds) Research in the Sociology of Organizations: Professional Firms. Oxford: JAI Press.
70. Mark S. and Cowdroy G. (2004) Incorporated legal practices: A new era in the provision of legal services in the state of New South Wales. Penn State International Law Review 22(4): 671-693.
71. Maute J. (2010) Global continental shifts to a new paradigm in lawyer regulation and consumer protection. In: Mortenson R, Bartlett F and Tranter K (eds) Alternative Perspectives on Lawyers and Legal Ethics: Reimagining the Profession. London: Routledge.
72. Mayson S. (2008) Global law firms: A strategy looking for a market? Discussion Paper, Legal Services Policy Institute, College of Law.
73. Mayson S. (2010) The regulation of legal services: Reserved legal activities: history and rationale. Discussion Paper, Legal Services Policy Institute, College of Law.
74. Morgan G. and Quack S. (2006) Global networks or global firms? The organizational implications of the internationalisation of law firms. In: Ferner A, Quintanilla J and Sanchez-Runde C (eds) Multinationals and the Construction of Transnational Practices: Convergence and Diversity in the Global Economy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
75. MPF (Managing Partners Forum). (2009a) Global 500 Annual Report 2009. Available at: www.mpfglobal.com/system/file.aspx?fn=MPFGlobal500_2009.pdf.
76. MPF (Managing Partners Forum). (2009b) The MPF Professional Services Index Report. March. Available at: www.mpfglobal.com/system/file.aspx?fn=MPFPSindex_3.pdf.
77. OFT (Office of Fair Trading). (2001) Competition in professions: A report by the Director General of Fair Trading. OFT328, London.
78. Oyer P. and Schaefer S. (2010) What Drives Turnover and Layoff at Large Law Firms? Available at: www.law.georgetown.edu/legalprofession/documents/Oyer_Paul.pdf.
79. Parker C. (1999) Lawyer deregulation via business deregulation: Compliance professionalism and legal professionalism. International Journal of the Legal Profession 6(2): 175-196.
80. Parnham R. (2002) Is the new act from the US another nail in the coffin for MDP? European Lawyer 13 (September).
81. Perrin C. (2009) Opinion: Smedley Review Highlights SRA's City Deficiencies. Available at: www.thelawyer.com/opinion-smedley-review-highlights-sra%E2%80%99s-city-deficiencies/1000293.article.
82. Quack S. (2007) Legal professionals and transnational law-making: A case of distributed agency. Organization 14(5): 643-666.
83. Rayner J. (2010) City lawyer leads push for Indian market liberalisation. Law Society Gazette, 28 July. Available at: www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/city-lawyer-leads-push-indian-market-liberalisation?goback=.gde_2078586_member_25838694.
84. Ring S. (2010) International Firms in Brazil Under Scrutiny as Local Bar Queries Alliance Business Practices. 29 July. Available at: www.legalweek.com/legal-week/news/1725397/international-firms-brazil-investigated-local-bar-queries-alliance-business-practices.
85. Rogerson P. (2010) Interview: SRA chairman on a new conduct code, ABSs and a critical 18 months. Law Society Gazette, April. Available at: www.lawgazette.co.uk/features/interviewsra-chairman-a-new-conduct-code-abss-and-a-critical-18-months.
86. Schneyer T. (2009) Thoughts on the compatibility of recent UK and Australian reforms with US traditions in regulating legal practice. Journal of the Professional Lawyer 13-44.
87. Segal M. (1997) Accountants and the Attorney-Client Privilege. 1 April. Available at: www.thefreelibrary.com/Accountantsandtheattorney-clientprivilege.-a019290147.
88. Serra N. and Stiglitz J. (2008) The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.
89. Silver C. (2002-3) Regulatory mismatch in the international market for legal services. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 23(3): 487-550.
90. Silver C. and Daly M. (2007) Flattening the world of legal services? The ethical and liability mine-fields of offshoring legal services. Georgetown Journal of International Law 38: 401-447.
91. Smedley N. (2009) Review of the Regulation of Corporate Legal Work. London: Law Society. Available at: www.legalregulationreview.org.uk/corporatereview.html.
92. SRA (Solicitors' Regulation Authority). (2010) Consultations: Outcomes-Focused Regulation - Transforming the SRA's Regulation of Legal Services. Available at: www.sra.org.uk/sra/consultations/OFR-consultation.page#executive-summary.
93. Stanley G. (2008) Clifford Chance Partner Follows Prime Minister on India Trade Mission. 22 January. Available at: www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1200650735327.
94. Suddaby R., Cooper D. and Greenwood R. (2007) Transnational regulation of professional services: Governance dynamics of field level organizational change. Accounting, Organizations and Society 32(4-5): 333-362.
95. Suddaby R., Greenwood R. and Wilderom C. (2008) Introduction to the Journal of Organizational Behavior's special issue on professional service firms: Where organization theory and organizational behavior might meet. Journal of Organizational Behaviour 29(8): 989-994.
96. Takeover Panel. (2010) Kraft Foods Inc Offer for Cadbury PLC. Available at: www.thetakeoverpanel.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/2010-14.pdf.
97. Terry L. (2002) The work of the ABA commission on multidisciplinary practice. In: McGarry S (ed.) Multidisciplinary Practices and Partnerships: Lawyers, Consultants and Clients. New York: Law Journal Press.
98. Terry L. (2008a) The future regulation of the legal profession: The impact of treating the legal profession as 'service providers'. Journal of the Professional Lawyer 189-211.
99. Terry L. (2008b) The legal world is flat: Globalization and its effects on lawyers practicing in non-global law firms. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 28(3): 527-559.
100. Terry L. (2009) The European commission project regarding competition in professional services. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business 29(1): 1-117.
101. Terry L. (2010) From GATS to APEC: The impact of trade agreements on legal services. Akron Law Review 43: 875-984.
102. The Lawyer (2007) 20 years of The Lawyer: 2002. The Lawyer, December. Available at: www.thelawyer.com/span-id=red20-years-of-the-lawyer/span-2002/130270.article.
103. Thornborrow T. and Brown A. (2009) 'Being regimented': Aspiration, discipline and identity work in the British Parachute Regiment. Organization Studies 30(4): 355-376.
104. Tiner J. (2005) Financial Services Sector Regulation and Internal Audit. Available at: www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Communication/Speeches/2005/0922_jt.shtml.
105. Trubek D., Dezalay Y., Buchanan R. and Davis J. (1994) Global restructuring and the law: Studies of the internationalization of legal fields and the creation of transnational arenas. Case Western Reserve Law Review 44(2): 407-498.
106. Weber M. (1978) Economy and Society: An Outline of an Interpretive Sociology, ed. Roth G and Wittich C. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
107. Wolfram C. (1999) Multidisciplinary partnerships in the law practice of European and American lawyers. In: Barceló J III and Cramton R (eds) Lawyers' Practice and Ideals: A Comparative View. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
108. WTO (1998) Legal services: Background note by the secretariat. 6 July.