A protection strategy and microprocessor-based relay for low-voltage microgrids

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1873-1883

  Zamani, M Amin ^a   Sidhu, Tarlochan S ^a   Yazdani, Amirnaser ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Distributed generation; electronically coupled distributed generators; microgrid; microprocessor based relays; power system protection

Indexed keywords

DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS; GRID-CONNECTED; ISLANDED MODE; LOW-VOLTAGE; MICRO GRID; MICROPROCESSOR-BASED RELAYS; MODE OF OPERATIONS; POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION; PROTECTION SCHEMES; PROTECTION STRATEGY; PROTECTIVE DEVICES; PSCAD/EMTDC; SALIENT FEATURES; TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATIONS;

COMPUTER SOFTWARE; DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION; MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS;

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT PROTECTION;

EID: 79959762918     PISSN: 08858977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2120628     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. R. H. Lasseter, "Microgrids," in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting, Jan. 2002, vol. 1, pp. 305-308. (Pubitemid 34669110)
2. C. L. Smallwood, "Distributed generation in autonomous and non-au-tonomous microgrids," in Proc. IEEE Rural Elect. Power Conf., May 2002, pp. 1-6.
3. N. Hadjsaid, J. F. Canard, and F. Dumas, "Disperse generation impact on distribution network," IEEE Comput. Appl. Power, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 22-28, Apr. 1999.
4. A. Girgis and S. M. Brahma, "Effect of distributed generation on pro-tective device coordination in distribution system," in Proc. Large Eng. Syst. Conf. Power Eng., Jul. 2001, pp. 115-119.
5. S. M. Brahma and A. A. Girgis, "Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed deneration," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 56-63, Jan. 2004.
6. H. Wan, K. K. Li, and K. P. Wong, "A multi-agent approach to protec-tion relay coordination with distributed generators in industrial power distribution system," in Proc. Ind. Appl. Conf. 40th Ind. Appl. Soc. Annu. Meeting, Oct. 2005, pp. 830-836. (Pubitemid 44042545)
7. B. Hadzi-Kostova and Z. Styczynski, "Network protection in distri-bution systems with dispersed generation," in Proc. Transm. Distrib. Conf. Exhibit., May 2006, pp. 1-6.
8. B. Li, Y. Li, Z. Bo, and A. Kilmek, "Design of protection and control scheme for microgrid systems," in Proc. 44th Intl. Univ. Power Eng. Conf., Sep. 2009, pp. 1-5.
9. M. A. Zamani, T. S. Sidhu, and A. Yazdani, "A strategy for protection coordination in radial distribution networks with distributed genera-tors," in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2010, pp. 1-8.
10. H. Nikkhajoei and R. Lasseter, "Microgrid protection," in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jun. 2007, pp. 1-6.
11. E. Sortomme, G. J. Mapes, B. A. Foster, and S. S. Venkata, "Fault anal-ysis and protection of a microgrid," in Proc. 40th North Amer. Power Symp., Sep. 2008, pp. 1-6.
12. H. H. Zeineldin, E. F. El-Saadany, and M. M. A. Salama, "Distributed generation microgrid operation: Control and protection," in Proc. PowerSyst. Conf., Mar. 2006, pp. 105-112.
13. E. Sortomme, S. S. Venkata, and J. Mitra, "Microgrid protection using communication-assisted digital relays," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 2789-2796, Oct. 2010.
14. R. M. Tumilty, M. Brucoli, and T. C. Green, "Approaches to network protection for inverter dominated electrical distribution systems," in Proc. 3rd IET Int. Conf. Power Electron., Mach., Drives, Apr. 2006, pp. 622-626.
15. H. Al-Nasseri, M. Redfern, and F. Li, "A voltage based protection for microgrids containing power electronic converters," in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jun. 2006, pp. 1-7.
16. M. A. Redfern and H. Al-Nasseri, "Protection of microgrids domi-nated by distributed generation using solid state converters," in Proc. 9th Int. IET Conf. Developments Power Syst. Protection, Mar. 2008, pp. 670-674.
17. T. Loix, T. Wijnhoven, and G. Deconinck, "Protection of microgrids with a high penetration of inverter-coupled energy sources," in Proc. IEEEPowerEnergySoc./CIGRESymp., Jun. 2009, pp. 1-6.
18. N. Jayawarna, C. Jones, M. Barnes, and N. Jenkins, "Operating micro-grid energy storage control during network faults," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Syst. Eng., Apr. 2007, pp. 1-7.
19. N. Jayawarna, N. Jenkins, M. Barnes, M. Lorentzou, S. Papthanassiou, and N. Hatziargyriou, "Safety analysis of a microgrid," in Proc. Int. Conf. Future PowerSyst., Nov. 2005, pp. 1-7.
20. K. Strunz, R. H. Fletcher, R. Campbell, and F. Gao, "Developing benchmark models for low-voltage distribution feeders," in Proc. IEEEPowerEnergy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2009, pp. 1-3.
21. S. Papathanassiou, N. Hatziargyriou, and K. Strunz, "A benchmark low voltage microgrid network," in CIGRE Symp., Apr. 2005, pp. 1-8.
22. T. Gonen, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2008.
23. Electric Utility Engineering Reference Book: Distribution Systems. East Pittsburgh, PA: 1965 3, Westinghouse Electric Corp.
24. R. Calvas and B. Lacroix, System Earthing in LV Schneider Electric, Cahier Technique no. 172, 2000.
25. E. Lakervi and E. J. Holmes, Electricity Distribution Network Design, ser. IEE Power Eng. Ser. 21, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Peregrinus Ltd., 1995.
26. M. B. Delghavi and A. Yazdani, "A control strategy for islanded oper-ation of a distributed resource (DR) unit," in Proc. IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jul. 2009, pp. 1-8
27. British Standard Fuses BS 1361-3. Jun. 2010. [Online]. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BS-1362#Fuses and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Fuse-(electrical).
28. F. Shawmut, LV Fuse Linkand holder catalogues. Jun. 2010. [Online]. Available: http://us.ferrazshawmut.com/
29. IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Dis-tributed Resources With Electric Power Systems, IEEE Std. 1547.2-2008, 2008.
30. IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality, IEEE Std. 1159-2009, 2009.
31. R. C. Christie, H. Zadehgol, and M. M. Habib, "High impedance fault detection in low voltage netwoks," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1829-1836, Oct. 1993.
32. B. M. Aucoin and B. D. Russell, "Distribution high impedance fault detection utilizing high frequency current components," IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-101, no. 6, pp. 1596-1606, Jun. 1982.
33. D. I. Jeerings and J. R. Linders, "Unique aspects of distribution system harmonics due to high impedance ground faults," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1086-1094, Apr. 1990. (Pubitemid 20737376)
34. T.S.M. Rao, Power System Protection: Static Relays With Micropro-cessorApplications, 2nd ed. New Delhi, India: McGraw-Hill, 1989.
35. J. Roberts and A. Guzman, "Directional element design and evaluation," in Proc.21st Annu. Western Protective Relay Conf, 1994,pp. 1-27.
36. CEE Relays, Connection and setting of neutral voltage displacement (NVD) relays. Jun. 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.ceere-lays.co.uk/RelayFAQs/ NVD.htm
37. A. T. Johns and S. K. Salman, Digital Protection for Power Systems, ser. Inst. Elect. Eng. Power Eng. Series 15. London, U.K.: Peregrinus Ltd., 1995.
38. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, SEL-751A feeder protection relay. Jun. 2010. [Online]. Available: www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAs-set.aspx?id= 2822
39. PSCAD/EMTDC V. 4.2 Manitoba HVDC Research Ctr. Winnipeg, MB, Canada. IEEE Standardfor Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers, Acronyms, and ContactDesignations, IEEE Std C37.2-2008 2008