Risk assessment of moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal-predictors for seizures and delirium tremens in the course of withdrawal

Alcohol and Alcoholism

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 427-433

  Eyer, Florian ^a   Schuster, Tibor ^a   Felgenhauer, Norbert ^a   Pfab, Rudi ^a   Strubel, Tim ^a   Saugel, Bernd ^a   Zilker, Thomas ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOMETHIAZOLE; CLONIDINE; HALOPERIDOL; POTASSIUM; THIAMINE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL; ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN TUMOR; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELIRIUM TREMENS; DETOXIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; NOMOGRAM; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCORING SYSTEM; STATISTICAL MODEL; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; WITHDRAWAL SEIZURE;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL DELIRIUM; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SEIZURES; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS; COHORT STUDIES; ETHANOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; MALE; MEDICAL RECORDS; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

EID: 79959692109     PISSN: 07350414     EISSN: 14643502     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agr053     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Ballenger JC, Post RM (1978) Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Br J Psychiatry 33:1-14.
2. Blondell RD, Powell GE, Dodds HN et al. (2004) Admission characteristics of trauma patients in whom elirium develops. Am J Surg 187:332-7.
3. Brown ME, Anton RF, Malcolm R et al. (1988) Alcohol detoxification and withdrawal seizures: clinical support for a kindling hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 23:507-14.
4. Clausen T, Flatman JA (1980) Beta 2-adrenoceptors mediate the stimulating effect of adrenaline on active electrogenic Na-K-transport in rat soleus muscle. Br J Pharmacol 68:749-55.
5. Clemmesen L, Hemmingsen R (1984) Physical dependence on ethanol during multiple intoxication and withdrawal episodes in the rat: evidence of a potentiation. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 55:345-50.
6. Cushman P, Jr (1987) Delirium tremens. Update on an old disorder. Postgrad Med 82:117-22.
7. Essardas Daryanani H, Santolaria FJ, Gonzalez Reimers E et al. (1994) Alcoholic withdrawal syndrome nd seizures. Alcohol Alcohol 29:323-8.
8. Eyer F, Schreckenberg M, Hecht D et al. (2011) Carbamazepine and Valproate as adjuncts in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Alcohol Alcohol 46:177-84.
9. Ferguson JA, Suelzer CJ, Eckert GJ et al. (1996) Risk factors for delirium tremens development. J Gen ntern Med 11:410-4.
10. Fiellin DA, O'connor PG, Holmboe ES et al. (2002) Risk for delirium tremens in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Subst Abus 23:83-94.
11. Findley JK, Park LT, Siefert CJ et al. (2010) Two routine blood tests-mean corpuscular volume and aspartate aminotransferase-as predictors of delirium tremens in trauma patients. J Trauma 69:199-201.
12. Flatman JA, Clausen T (1979) Combined effects of adrenaline and insulin on active electrogenic Na+-K+ transport in rat soleus muscle. Nature 281:580-1.
13. Goddard GV, Mcintyre DC, Leech CK (1969) A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol 25:295-330.
14. Gorelick DA, Wilkins JN (1986) Special aspects of human alcohol withdrawal. Recent Dev Alcohol :283-305.
15. Harrell FE, Jr, Lee KL, Mark DB (1996) Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med 15:361-87.
16. Hemmingsen R, Kramp P, Rafaelsen OJ (1979) Delirium tremens and related clinical states. Aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 59:337-69.
17. Lechtenberg R, Worner TM (1990) Seizure risk with recurrent alcohol detoxification. Arch Neurol 7:535-8.
18. Lee JH, Jang MK, Lee JY et al. (2005) Clinical predictors for delirium tremens in alcohol dependence. Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:1833-7.
19. Lerner WD, Fallon HJ (1985) The alcohol withdrawal syndrome. N Engl J Med 313:951-2.
20. Lukan JK, Reed DN, Jr, Looney SW et al. (2002) Risk factors for delirium tremens in trauma patients. Trauma 53:901-6.
21. Manhem P, Nilsson LH, Moberg AL et al. (1984) Hypokalaemia in alcohol withdrawal caused by high irculating adrenaline levels. Lancet 1:679.
22. Mennecier D, Thomas M, Arvers P et al. (2008) Factors predictive of complicated or severe alcohol withdrawal in alcohol dependent inpatients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 32:792-7.
23. Milne S, Gayford JJ, Wylie AS (1991) Physical morbidity in patients admitted for detoxification from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 26:495-8.
24. Morton WA, Laird LK, Crane DF et al. (1994) A prediction model for identifying alcohol withdrawal seizures. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 20:75-86.
25. Palmstierna T (2001) A model for predicting alcohol withdrawal delirium. Psychiatr Serv 52:820-3.
26. Rathlev NK, Ulrich A, Fish SS et al. (2000) Clinical characteristics as predictors of recurrent alcohol-related seizures. Acad Emerg Med 7:886-91.
27. Saitz R, O'malley SS (1997) Pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse. Withdrawal and treatment. Med lin North Am 81:881-907.
28. Saitz R, Mayo-Smith MF, Roberts MS et al. (1994) Individualized treatment for alcohol withdrawal. A randomized double-blind controlled trial. JAMA 272:519-23.
29. Saville DJ (1990) Multiple comparison procedures: the practical solution. The American Statistician 4:174-80.
30. Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Anthenelli R et al. (1993) Clinical course of alcoholism in 636 male inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 150:786-92.
31. Schuckit MA, Tipp JE, Reich T et al. (1995) The histories of withdrawal convulsions and delirium tremens in 1648 alcohol dependent subjects. Addiction 90:1335-47.
32. Soderstrom CA, Dischinger PC, Smith GS et al. (1992) Psychoactive substance dependence among rauma center patients. JAMA 267:2756-9.
33. Story DJ, Hoffman RS (2010) Response to two routine blood testsmean corpuscular volume and aspartate aminotransferase-as predictors of delirium tremens in trauma patients. J Trauma 68:1516-7; author reply 1517-8.
34. Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J et al. (1989) Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 84:1353-7.
35. Tonnesen E (1982) Delirium tremens and hypokalemia. Lancet 2:97.
36. Victor M, Adams RD (1953) The effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv ent Dis 32:526-73.
37. Wadstein J, Skude G (1978) Does hypokalaemia precede delirium tremens?. Lancet 2:549-50.
38. Wetterling T, Kanitz RD, Besters B et al. (1997) A new rating scale for the assessment of the alcohol-withdrawal syndrome (AWS scale). Alcohol Alcohol 32:753-60.
39. Whitfield CL, Thompson G, Lamb A et al. (1978) Detoxification of 1,024 alcoholic patients without sychoactive drugs. JAMA 239:1409-10.
40. Yost DA (1996) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician 54:657-64, 669.