Conservative autonomy movements: Territorial dimensions of ideological conflict in Bolivia and Ecuador

Comparative Politics

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 291-310

  Eaton, Kent ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79959657486     PISSN: 00104159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5129/001041511795274896     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. José Antonio Lucero, Struggles of Voice (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008);
2. Raúl Madrid, "Indigenous Parties and Democracy in Latin America," Latin American Politics and Society, 47 (Winter 2005), 161-79;
3. Donna Van Cott, Radical Democracy in the Andes (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008);
4. and Deborah Yashar, Contesting Citizenship in Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
5. Scott Mainwaring, Ana Maria Bejarano, and Eduardo Pizarro, eds., The Crisis of Democratic Representation in the Andes (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006).
6. Charles Tilly, Social Movements, 1768-2004 (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2004).
7. Arturo Escobar and Sonia Alvarez, eds., The Making of Social Movements in Latin America (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992);
8. Joe Foweraker, Theorizing Social Movements (London: Pluto Press, 1995);
9. Susan Eckstein, Power and Popular Protest (Berkeley: University of California, 2001);
10. James Petras, Social Movements and State Power (London: Pluto Press, 2005).
11. For exceptions, see Lisa Baldez, Why Women Protest (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002); and
12. Leigh Payne, Uncivil Movements (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).
13. In Europe, see Ruud Koopmans and Paul Statham, "Ethnic and Civic Conceptions of Nationhood," in Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, eds., How Social Movements Matter (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999);
14. and Joseph Farrell and Carl Levy, "The Northern League: Conservative Revolution?," in Carl Levy, ed., Italian Regionalism (Oxford: Berg, 1996).
15. Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
16. Humberto Mata, "Proyecto de autonomias provinciales ecuatorianas," in Francisco Muñoz, ed., Descentralización (Quito: Tramasocial, 2004);
17. and Mario Galindo, Elementos relevantes para la descentralización fiscal financiera (Santa Cruz: CPSC, 2005).
18. Interviews with Ricardo Noboa, 1998 Constituent Assemblyman, June 5, 2008, Guayaquil;
19. Victor Mariduena, Municipal Councilor, June 13, 2008, Guayaquil;
20. Oscar Ortiz, Senator, October 27, 2005, Santa Cruz.
21. Interview with Carlos Baquerizo, President of the Junta Cívica de Guayaquil, June 4, 2008, Guayaquil.
22. Interviews with Juan Carlos Urenda, October 25, 2005 Santa Cruz;
23. Santa Cruz; and Joffre Campaña, June 4, 2008, Guayaquil.
24. Edward Gibson, Class and Conservative Parties (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).
25. Tilly, Social Movements, 4.
26. José Luis Roca, Fisonomía del regionalismo Boliviano (La Paz: Editores Plural, 1999);
27. and Rafael Quintero, La cuestión regional y el poder (Quito: CEN, 1991).
28. Interview with Daniel Castro, Media Coordinator of the CPSC, October 27, 2005, Santa Cruz.
29. However, at 38 percent, the abstention rate was nearly twice the average rate for Bolivian elections, with many Santa Cruz residents accepting Morales's repudiation of the referendum as unconstitutional.
30. Interview with Juan Falconí, former Superintendent of Banks, June 5, 2008, Guayaquil.
31. Interview with Nicolás Lapentti, Prefect of Guayas, June 12, 2008, Guayaquil.
32. Tilly, Social Movements, 3.
33. Escobar and Alvarez, Making of Social Movements, 325.
34. Interview with Eduardo Maruri, 2008 Constituent Assemblyman, June 13, 2008, Guayaquil.
35. A partial exception here is Mexico, whose tier of northern states constitutes an important region for export-oriented industries.
36. Mario Arrieta, Agricultura en Santa Cruz (La Paz: ILDIS, 1990);
37. and Catherine Conaghan and James Malloy, Unsettling Statecraft (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994).
38. Eduardo Gamarra, "Hybrid Presidentialism and Democratization," in Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Shugart, eds., Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
39. Osvaldo Hurtado, El poder político en el Ecuador (Quito: Pontificia Universidad Católica, 1977).
40. Catherine Conaghan, Restructuring Domination (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988).
41. Simón Pachano, "Ecuador: The Provincialization of Representation," in Mainwaring, Bejarano, and Pizarro, Crisis of Democratic Representation.
42. Catherine Conaghan, "Ecuador's Gamble: Can Correa Govern?" Current History, February 2007,77-82.
43. Interview with Juan José Illingworth, former National Deputy, June 10, 2008, Guayaquil.
44. This likely underestimates the indigenous population in Ecuador, which the 2003 Race Report of the Inter-American Dialogue estimates at 24.85 percent.
45. Kent Eaton, "Backlash in Bolivia," Politics and Society, 35 (March 2007), 71-102.
46. Van Cott, Radical Democracy; and Raúl Madrid, "The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America," World Politics, 60 (April 2008), 475-508.
47. Interviews with Campaña and Palacios.
48. Yashar, Contesting Citizenship.
49. Van Cott, Radical Democracy.
50. Conaghan and Malloy, Unsettling Statecraft; Gamara, "Hybrid Presidentialism."
51. Interview with Elio Pedraza, departmental labor leader, October 25, 2005, Santa Cruz.
52. Interview with José Garzozi, Director of Tourism for the municipality of Guayaquil, June 13, 2008, Guayaquil.
53. Interview with Raúl Klieffer, President of the Bolivian Chamber of Hydrocarbons, October 10, 2005, Santa Cruz.
54. Interview with Nicolas Romero, General Manager ExpoGuayaquil, June 12, 2008, Guayaquil.
55. Interview with Gabriel Dabdoub, President of CAINCO, October 26, 2005;
56. and Juan Armando Antelo, former president of CAO, October 24, 2005, Santa Cruz.
57. Interviews with Gerardo Velasco, Executive Secretary, National Chamber of Industries, October 18,2005, La Paz;
58. and Hugo Carlos Molina, former Prefect of Santa Cruz, October 28, 2005, Santa Cruz.
59. Anonymous interview with CEPB official, October 19, 2005;
60. Interview with Marco Antonio Aimaretti, Executive Director of CEJIS, October 29, 2005, Santa Cruz.
61. Interview with Iilingworth.
62. Interview with Emilio Palacio, Political Editor of El Universo, June 5, 2008, Guayaquil.
63. Interview with Castro.
64. Interview with Henry Raad, former Municipal Councilor, June 12, 2008; Guayaquil.
65. Interviews with Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos Sanchez, and Nicolas Romero, members of the NJCG, June 12, 2008, Guayaquil.
66. See Rebecca Abers and Margaret Keck, "Mobilizing the State: The Erratic Partner in Brazil's Participatory Water Policy," Politics and Society, 37 (June 2009), 289-314.
67. "Costas legaliza salario real sólo por un año," El Nuevo Día, June 18, 2008.
68. Interviews with Dabdoub, Franco, and Ortiz.
69. Interview with Castro.
70. Paula Peña, La permanente construcción de lo cruceño (La Paz: Fundación PIEB, 2003).
71. See Morales's speech on October 10, 2008 to the Continental Conference in Solidarity with Bolivia (http://www.bolpress.com/art.php?Cod=2008101002).
72. Interview with Father Mauricio Bacardit, Director of Pastoral Social Caritas, October 24,2005, Santa Cruz.
73. Interview with Sergio Antelo, founder of Camba Nation, October 25, 2005, Santa Cruz.
74. See Doug McAdam, John McCarthy and Mayer Zald, eds., Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 14.
75. Interview with Rafael Cuesta, member of the NJCG, June 12, 2008, Guayaquil.
76. Guayaquil: Portavoz Oficial de la Junta Cívica, no. 22, 2008, 19.
77. "Guayaquil, un fragmentado bastión en pugna electoral," El Universo, January 20, 2008.
78. Interviews with José Garcia, President of the Chamber of Small Enterprises, June 11, 2008; and
79. Octavio Villacreses, opposition Municipal Councilor, June 11, 2008, Guayaquil.