Rates of expressed emotions in Pakistani relatives of patients with Schizophrenia

Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 74-81

  Ikram, Aisha ^a   Suhail, Kausar ^a   Jafery, Sadaf Zara ^a   Singh, Swaran ^b  

^a GC UNIVERSITY   (Pakistan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; EMOTION; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY; FEMALE; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PAKISTAN; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; RECURRENT DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; EXPRESSED EMOTION; FAMILY; FEMALE; HOSTILITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PAKISTAN; RECURRENCE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79959563099     PISSN: 03337308     EISSN: 26172402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Hooley JM, Hoffman PD. Expressed emotion andclinical outcome in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999;56:1557-1562.
2. Vaughn CE, Leff JP. The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1976;15:157-165.
3. Heresco-Levy U, Greenberg D, Dasberg H. Family expressed emotion: Concepts, dilemmas and Israeli perspectives. Isr J Psychiatry 1990;27:204-215.
4. Mino Y, Inoue S, Tanaka S, Tsuda T. Expressed emotion among families and course of schizophrenia in Japan: A 2-year cohort study. Schizophr Res 1997;24:333-339.
5. Ng RMK, Mui J, Cheung HK, Leung SP. Expressed emotion and relapse of schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Hong Kong J Psychiatry 2001;11:4-11.
6. Hashemi AH, Cochrane R. Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: A review of studies across cultures. Int Rev Psychiatry 1999;11:219-224.
7. Moline RA, Singh S, Morris A, Meltzer HY. Family expressed emotion and relapse in schizophrenia in 24 urban American patients. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1078-1081.
8. Nuechterlien KH, Synder KS, Dawson ME, Rappe S, Gitlin M, Fogelson MD. Expressed emotion, fixed dose fluphenazine decanoate maintenance, and relapse in recent onset schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull 1986;22:633-639.
9. Azhar MZ, Varma SL. Relationship of expressed emotion with relapse of schizophrenia patients in Kelantan. Singapore Med J 1996;37:82-85.
10. Wig NN, Menon DK, Bedi H, Leff J, Kuipers L, Ghosh A, et al. Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in north India. II. Distribution of expressed emotion components among relatives of schizophrenic patients in Aarhus and Chandigarh. Br J Psychiatry 1987;151:160-165.
11. Kamal A. Variables in expressed emotion associated with relapse: A comparison between depressed and schizophrenic samples in an Egyptian community. Curr Psychiatry 1995;2:211-216.
12. Philips MR, Xiong W. Expressed emotion in mainland China: Chinese families with schizophrenic patients. Int J Ment Health 1995;24:54-75.
13. Jenkins JH, Karno M. The meaning of expressed emotion: Theoretical issues raised by cross-cultural research. Am J of Psychiatry 1992;149:9-21.
14. Jenkins JH. Too close for comfort: Schizophrenia and emotional over-involvement among Mexicano families. In: Gaines AD, editor. Ethnopsychiatry: The cultural construction of professional and folk psychiatries. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY, 1992: pp. 203-221.
15. Ishfaq K. Parental expressed emotions and schizophrenia. Unpublished MPhil thesis, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, 2003.
16. Mahmood A, Niaz S, Rashid U, Chaudhry HR. Expressed emotions and schizophrenia in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2006;22:424-428.
17. Jafri SZ. Cultural analysis of expressed emotion construct. Unpublished M.Phil. thesis, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan, 2007.
18. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric, 2000.
19. Maga AB, Goldstein MJ, Karno M, Miklowitz DJ, Jenkins J, Falloon IRH. A brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Res 1986;17:203-212.
20. Ran MS, Leff J, Hou ZJ, Xiang MZ, Wan CLW. The characteristics of expressed emotion among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Chengdu, China. Cult Med Psychiatry 2003;27:95-106.
21. Vaughn CE, Snyder KS, Jones S, Freeman WB, Falloon IRH. Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: Replication in California of British research on expressed emotion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;4:1169-1177.
22. Vaughn CE, Leff JP. The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness: A comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients. Br J Psychiatry 1976;129:125-137.
23. Leff J, Vaughn CE. Expressed emotion in families: Its significance for mental illness. New York: Guilford, 1985.
24. Barrelet L, Ferrero F, Szigethy L, Giddey C, Pellizzer G. Expressed emotion and first-admission schizophrenia: Nine-month follow-up in a French cultural environment. Br J Psychiatry 1990;156:357-362.
25. Karno M, Jenkins JH, de la Selva A, Santana F, Telles C, Lopez S, et al. Expressed emotion and schizophrenic outcome among Mexican American families. J Nerv Ment Dis 1987;175:143-151.
26. Brown GW, Carstairs M, Monck E, Birley JLT, Wing JK. Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic illness: A replication. Br J Psychiatry 1972;121:241-258.
27. Leff J, Vaughn CE. Expressed emotion in families: Its significance for mental illness. New York: Guilford, 1985.
28. Mottaghipour Y, Pourmand D, Maleki H, Davidian L. Expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Iran. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2001;36:195-199.
29. Ajmal M. Cultural presuppositions and mental disease. Psychol Q 1969;3:25-29.
30. Suhail K. A study investigating mental health literacy in Pakistan. J Ment Health 2004;14:167-182.
31. Breitborde NJK, Lopez SR, Nuechterlein KH. Expressed emotion, human agency, and schizophrenia: Toward a new model for the EE relapse association. Cult Med Psychiatry 2009;33:41-60.
32. Qidwai W, Azam SI. Psychiatric morbidity and perceptions on psychiatric illness among patients presenting to family physicians in April 2001 at a teaching hospital in Karachi. Asia Pac Fam Med J 2002;2/3:79-82.
33. Bebbington PS, Kuipers L. The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: An aggregate analysis. Psychol Med 1994;24:707-718.
34. Suhail K, Ajmal MA. Counseling in Pakistan: An Eastern Muslim perspective. In: Gerstein LH, Heppner PP, Egisdottir SS, Leung MA, Norsworthy KL, editors. International Handbook of Cross-Cultural Counseling. New York: Sage, 2009: pp. 237-250.
35. Suhail K, Anjum S. Stigma towards help-seeking behavior and mental health problems. Bangladesh Psychol Stud 2004;14:55-70.
36. Shimodera S, Mino Y, Inoue S, Izumoto Y, Kishi Y, Tanaka S. Validity of a five minute speech sample in measuring emotion in the families of patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Cult Med Psychiatry 1999;27:95-106.