메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 366, Issue 1567, 2011, Pages 1028-1037

The origins of stone tool technology in Africa: A historical perspective

Author keywords

Africa; Archaeology of human origins; Early Pleistocene; History of palaeoanthropology; Oldowan; Stone tools

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOLOGY; ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; HUMAN EVOLUTION; PLEISTOCENE; STONE AGE; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; TOOL USE;

EID: 79959497300     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0350     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (65)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 10744231143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10. 1016/S0047-2484 (03)00093-9)
    • Semaw, S. et al. 2003 2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. J. Hum. Evol. 45, 169-177. (doi:10. 1016/S0047-2484(03)00093-9)
    • (2003) J. Hum. Evol , vol.45 , pp. 169-177
    • Semaw, S.1
  • 2
    • 77955613738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1038/nature09248)
    • McPherron, S. P., Alemseged, Z., Marean, C. W., Wynn, J. G., Reed, D., Geraads, D., Bobe, R. & Béarat, H. A. 2010 Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466, 857-860. (doi:10.1038/nature09248)
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 857-860
    • McPherron, S.P.1    Alemseged, Z.2    Marean, C.W.3    Wynn, J.G.4    Reed, D.5    Geraads, D.6    Bobe, R.7    Béarat, H.A.8
  • 3
    • 59349090006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Overview of the Oldowan industrial complex: The sites and the nature of their evidence
    • In, (eds N. Toth & K. Schick), Gosport, IN: Stone Age Institute
    • Schick, K. & Toth, N. 2006 An Overview of the Oldowan industrial complex: the sites and the nature of their evidence. In The Oldowan: case studies into the earliest Stone Age (eds N. Toth & K. Schick), pp. 3-42. Gosport, IN: Stone Age Institute.
    • (2006) The Oldowan: Case studies into the earliest Stone Age , pp. 3-42
    • Schick, K.1    Toth, N.2
  • 4
    • 70350087039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Oldowan: The tool making of early hominins and chimpanzees compared
    • (doi:10.1146/ annurev-anthro-091908-164521)
    • Toth, N. & Schick, K. 2009 The Oldowan: the tool making of early hominins and chimpanzees compared. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 38, 289-305. (doi:10.1146/ annurev-anthro-091908-164521)
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Anthropol , vol.38 , pp. 289-305
    • Toth, N.1    Schick, K.2
  • 6
    • 84861704553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights on the technical competence of the early Oldowan
    • In, (eds A. Nowell & I. Davidson), Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado
    • Torre, I. de la 2010 Insights on the technical competence of the early Oldowan. In Stone tools and the evolution of human cognition (eds A. Nowell & I. Davidson), pp. 45-65. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.
    • (2010) Stone tools and the evolution of human cognition , pp. 45-65
    • de la Torre, I.1
  • 8
    • 20244375995 scopus 로고
    • L'origine des éolithes
    • Boule, M. 1905 L'origine des éolithes. L'Anthropologie 16, 257-267.
    • (1905) L'Anthropologie , vol.16 , pp. 257-267
    • Boule, M.1
  • 9
    • 0013620072 scopus 로고
    • Eoliths, archaeological ambiguity, and the generation of 'middle-range' research
    • In, (eds D. J. Meltzer, D. D. Fowler & J. A. Sabloff), Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
    • Grayson, D. K. 1986 Eoliths, archaeological ambiguity, and the generation of 'middle-range' research. In American archaeology past and future: a celebration of the Society for American Archaeology 1935-1985 (eds D. J. Meltzer, D. D. Fowler & J. A. Sabloff), pp. 77-133. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
    • (1986) American archaeology past and future: A celebration of the Society for American Archaeology 1935-1985 , pp. 77-133
    • Grayson, D.K.1
  • 10
    • 84867252697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lying stones of Sussex: An investigation into the role of the flint tools in the development of the Piltdown forgery
    • McNabb, J. 2006 The lying stones of Sussex: an investigation into the role of the flint tools in the development of the Piltdown forgery. Archaeol. J. 163, 1-41.
    • (2006) Archaeol. J , vol.163 , pp. 1-41
    • McNabb, J.1
  • 12
    • 51149176468 scopus 로고
    • New yields from the Oldoway bone beds, Tanganyika territory
    • (doi:10.1038/1281075a0)
    • Leakey, L. S. B., Hopwood, A. T. & Reck, H. 1931 New yields from the Oldoway bone beds, Tanganyika territory. Nature 128, 1075. (doi:10.1038/1281075a0)
    • (1931) Nature , vol.128 , pp. 1075
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1    Hopwood, A.T.2    Reck, H.3
  • 13
    • 0033529069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya
    • (doi:10.1038/19959)
    • Roche, H., Delagnes, A., Brugal, J.-P., Feibel, C., Kibunjia, M., Mourre, V. & Texier, J. 1999 Early hominid stone tool production and technical skill 2.34 Myr ago in West Turkana, Kenya. Nature 399, 57-60. (doi:10.1038/19959)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 57-60
    • Roche, H.1    Delagnes, A.2    Brugal, J.-P.3    Feibel, C.4    Kibunjia, M.5    Mourre, V.6    Texier, J.7
  • 15
    • 0000454329 scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric exploration at Hadar, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1038/261571a0)
    • Corvinus, G. K. 1976 Prehistoric exploration at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature 261, 571-572. (doi:10.1038/261571a0)
    • (1976) Nature , vol.261 , pp. 571-572
    • Corvinus, G.K.1
  • 17
    • 0002149377 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the technical practices of early Pleistocene Hominids, Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia
    • In, (eds Y. Coppens, F. C. Howell, G. L. Isaac & R. E. F. Leakey), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Chavaillon, J. 1976 Evidence for the technical practices of early Pleistocene Hominids, Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia. In Earliest man and environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin (eds Y. Coppens, F. C. Howell, G. L. Isaac & R. E. F. Leakey), pp. 565-573. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1976) Earliest man and environments in the Lake Rudolf Basin , pp. 565-573
    • Chavaillon, J.1
  • 18
    • 0008340882 scopus 로고
    • Archaeological occurrences of early Pleistocene Age from the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1038/ 242572a0)
    • Merrick, H. V., de Heinzelin, J., Haesaerts, P. & Howell, F. C. 1973 Archaeological occurrences of early Pleistocene Age from the Shungura Formation, Lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia. Nature 242, 572-575. (doi:10.1038/ 242572a0)
    • (1973) Nature , vol.242 , pp. 572-575
    • Merrick, H.V.1    de Heinzelin, J.2    Haesaerts, P.3    Howell, F.C.4
  • 19
    • 27744565312 scopus 로고
    • The age of Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyka
    • (doi:10.1038/191478a0)
    • Leakey, L. S. B., Evernden, J. F. & Curtis, G. H. 1961 The age of Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyka. Nature 191, 478-479. (doi:10.1038/191478a0)
    • (1961) Nature , vol.191 , pp. 478-479
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1    Evernden, J.F.2    Curtis, G.H.3
  • 20
    • 0003191496 scopus 로고
    • A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge
    • (doi:10.1038/202005a0)
    • Leakey, L. S. B., Tobias, P. V. & Napier, J. R. 1964 A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge. Nature 202, 5-7. (doi:10.1038/202005a0)
    • (1964) Nature , vol.202 , pp. 5-7
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1    Tobias, P.V.2    Napier, J.R.3
  • 21
    • 0001528053 scopus 로고
    • A new fossil skull from Olduvai
    • (doi:10.1038/184491a0)
    • Leakey, L. S. B. 1959 A new fossil skull from Olduvai. Nature 184, 491-493. (doi:10.1038/184491a0)
    • (1959) Nature , vol.184 , pp. 491-493
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1
  • 22
    • 84867278867 scopus 로고
    • The sequence of Stone Age cultures in east Africa
    • In, (eds E. E. Evans-Pritchard, R. Firth, B. Malinowski & I. Schapera), London, UK: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Limited
    • Leakey, L. S. B. 1934 The sequence of Stone Age cultures in east Africa. In Essays presented to CG Seligman (eds E. E. Evans-Pritchard, R. Firth, B. Malinowski & I. Schapera), pp. 143-146. London, UK: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Limited.
    • (1934) Essays presented to CG Seligman , pp. 143-146
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1
  • 24
    • 84855633586 scopus 로고
    • Erste Vorläufige Mitteilung über den Fund eines fossilen Menschenskelets aus Zentral-afrika
    • Reck, H. 1914 Erste Vorläufige Mitteilung über den Fund eines fossilen Menschenskelets aus Zentral-afrika. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde 3, 81-95.
    • (1914) Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde , vol.3 , pp. 81-95
    • Reck, H.1
  • 25
    • 84878022634 scopus 로고
    • Early humans remains in east Africa
    • Woodward, A. S. et al. 1933 Early humans remains in east Africa. MAN 33, 65-68.
    • (1933) MAN , vol.33 , pp. 65-68
    • Woodward, A.S.1
  • 27
    • 84867278144 scopus 로고
    • The Stone Age cultures of Uganda
    • Wayland, E. J. 1937 The Stone Age cultures of Uganda. MAN 67, 55-56.
    • (1937) MAN , vol.67 , pp. 55-56
    • Wayland, E.J.1
  • 28
    • 84867268104 scopus 로고
    • The Kafuan culture in South Africa
    • (doi:10.2307/ 3887461)
    • Van Riet Lowe, C. 1953 The Kafuan culture in South Africa. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 8, 27-31. (doi:10.2307/ 3887461)
    • (1953) S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull , vol.8 , pp. 27-31
    • Van Riet Lowe, C.1
  • 29
    • 4344625391 scopus 로고
    • Kafuan Stone Artefacts in the post-Australopithecine breccia at Makapansgat
    • (doi:10. 1038/175262b0)
    • Brain, C. K., Van Riet Lowe, C. & Dart, R. A. 1955 Kafuan Stone Artefacts in the post-Australopithecine breccia at Makapansgat. Nature 175, 16-18. (doi:10. 1038/175262b0)
    • (1955) Nature , vol.175 , pp. 16-18
    • Brain, C.K.1    Van Riet Lowe, C.2    Dart, R.A.3
  • 30
    • 0002440918 scopus 로고
    • The natural fracture of pebbles from the Bakota Gorge, Northern Rhodesia, and its bearing on the Kafuan Industries of Africa
    • Clark, J. D. 1958 The natural fracture of pebbles from the Bakota Gorge, Northern Rhodesia, and its bearing on the Kafuan Industries of Africa. Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 24, 64-77.
    • (1958) Proc. Prehistoric Soc , vol.24 , pp. 64-77
    • Clark, J.D.1
  • 31
    • 84867254234 scopus 로고
    • Kafu stratigraphy and Kafuan artifacts
    • Bishop, W. W. 1959 Kafu stratigraphy and Kafuan artifacts. S. Afr. J. Sci. 55, 117-121.
    • (1959) S. Afr. J. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 117-121
    • Bishop, W.W.1
  • 32
    • 0005698320 scopus 로고
    • The Makapansgat Australopithecine Osteodontokeratic culture
    • In, (ed. J. D. Clark), London, UK: Chatto & Windus
    • Dart, R. A. 1957 The Makapansgat Australopithecine Osteodontokeratic culture. In Third Pan-African congress on prehistory, Livingstone 1955 (ed. J. D. Clark), pp. 161-171. London, UK: Chatto & Windus.
    • (1957) Third Pan-African congress on prehistory, Livingstone 1955 , pp. 161-171
    • Dart, R.A.1
  • 34
    • 0344287174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible evidence of bone tool shaping by Swartkrans early hominids
    • (doi:10.1016/S0305-4403 (03)00052-9)
    • d'Errico, F. & Backwell, L. R. 2003 Possible evidence of bone tool shaping by Swartkrans early hominids. J. Archaeol. Sci. 30, 1559-1576. (doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(03)00052-9)
    • (2003) J. Archaeol. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1559-1576
    • d'Errico, F.1    Backwell, L.R.2
  • 35
    • 0001787226 scopus 로고
    • The australopithecines and their bearing on the origin of man and of stone tool-making
    • Robinson, J. T. 1961 The australopithecines and their bearing on the origin of man and of stone tool-making. S. Afr. J. Sci. 57, 3-13.
    • (1961) S. Afr. J. Sci , vol.57 , pp. 3-13
    • Robinson, J.T.1
  • 36
    • 84867277044 scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus and the beginning of the Stone Age in South Africa
    • (doi:10.2307/3887412)
    • Mason, R. J. 1961 Australopithecus and the beginning of the Stone Age in South Africa. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 16, 8-14. (doi:10.2307/3887412)
    • (1961) S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull , vol.16 , pp. 8-14
    • Mason, R.J.1
  • 37
    • 0001609819 scopus 로고
    • The pleistocene anthropoid apes of South Africa
    • (doi:10.1038/142377a0)
    • Broom, R. 1938 The pleistocene anthropoid apes of South Africa. Nature 142, 377-379. (doi:10.1038/142377a0)
    • (1938) Nature , vol.142 , pp. 377-379
    • Broom, R.1
  • 38
    • 36848998836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paranthropus boisei: Fifty years of evidence and analysis
    • (doi:10.1002/ajpa.20732)
    • Wood, B. & Constantino, P. 2007 Paranthropus boisei: fifty years of evidence and analysis. Yearbook Phys. Anthropol. 50, 106-132. (doi:10.1002/ajpa.20732)
    • (2007) Yearbook Phys. Anthropol , vol.50 , pp. 106-132
    • Wood, B.1    Constantino, P.2
  • 39
    • 84867268115 scopus 로고
    • Africa's contribution to the evolution of man
    • (doi:10. 2307/3887411)
    • Leakey, L. S. B. 1961 Africa's contribution to the evolution of man. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 16, 3-7. (doi:10. 2307/3887411)
    • (1961) S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull , vol.16 , pp. 3-7
    • Leakey, L.S.B.1
  • 40
    • 34548531623 scopus 로고
    • Tools and human evolution
    • (doi:10.1038/scientificamerican 0960-62)
    • Washburn, S. L. 1960 Tools and human evolution. Sci. Am. 203, 63-75. (doi:10.1038/scientificamerican 0960-62)
    • (1960) Sci. Am , vol.203 , pp. 63-75
    • Washburn, S.L.1
  • 41
    • 0002709675 scopus 로고
    • Adaptative radiation in the Australopithecines and the origin of man
    • In, (eds F. C. Howell & F. Bourlière), London, UK: Methuen & Co. Limited
    • Robinson, J. T. 1964 Adaptative radiation in the Australopithecines and the origin of man. In African ecology and human evolution (eds F. C. Howell & F. Bourlière), pp. 385-416. London, UK: Methuen & Co. Limited.
    • (1964) African ecology and human evolution , pp. 385-416
    • Robinson, J.T.1
  • 42
    • 0033235970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing face of genus Homo
    • (doi:10.1002/(SICI) 1520-6505 (1999)8:6, 195::AID-EVAN1.3.0.CO;2-2)
    • Wood, B. & Collard, M. 1999 The changing face of genus Homo. Evol. Anthropol. 8, 195-207. (doi:10.1002/(SICI) 1520-6505(1999)8:6, 195::AID-EVAN1.3.0.CO;2-2)
    • (1999) Evol. Anthropol , vol.8 , pp. 195-207
    • Wood, B.1    Collard, M.2
  • 43
    • 0001002754 scopus 로고
    • Development of Pliocene and Pleistocene chronology of the Turkana basin, east Africa, and its relation to other sites
    • In, (eds R. S. Corruccini & R. L. Ciochon), New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Brown, F. H. 1994 Development of Pliocene and Pleistocene chronology of the Turkana basin, east Africa, and its relation to other sites. In Integrative paths to the past paleoanthropological advances in honor of F Clark Howell (eds R. S. Corruccini & R. L. Ciochon), pp. 285-312. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1994) Integrative paths to the past paleoanthropological advances in honor of F Clark Howell , pp. 285-312
    • Brown, F.H.1
  • 44
    • 33644659778 scopus 로고
    • Early artifacts from the Koobi Fora area
    • (doi:10.1038/226228a0)
    • Leakey, M. D. 1970 Early artifacts from the Koobi Fora area. Nature 226, 228-230. (doi:10.1038/226228a0)
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 228-230
    • Leakey, M.D.1
  • 45
    • 0018911564 scopus 로고
    • K/Ar age estimate for the KBS tuff, east Turkana, Kenya
    • (doi:10.1038/284230a0)
    • McDougall, I., Maier, R., Sutherland-Hawkes, P. & Gleadow, A. J. W. 1980 K/Ar age estimate for the KBS tuff, east Turkana, Kenya. Nature 284, 230-234. (doi:10.1038/284230a0)
    • (1980) Nature , vol.284 , pp. 230-234
    • McDougall, I.1    Maier, R.2    Sutherland-Hawkes, P.3    Gleadow, A.J.W.4
  • 47
    • 0001542992 scopus 로고
    • A new species of the genus Australopithecus (primates: Hominidae) from the Pliocene of Eastern Africa
    • Johanson, D., White, T. D. & Coppens, Y. 1978 A new species of the genus Australopithecus (primates: hominidae) from the Pliocene of Eastern Africa. Kirtlandia 28, 1-14.
    • (1978) Kirtlandia , vol.28 , pp. 1-14
    • Johanson, D.1    White, T.D.2    Coppens, Y.3
  • 49
    • 0022888687 scopus 로고
    • One hundred years of paleoanthropology
    • Cartmill, M., Pilbeam, D. & Isaac, G. L. 1986 One hundred years of paleoanthropology. Am. Sci. 74, 410-420.
    • (1986) Am. Sci , vol.74 , pp. 410-420
    • Cartmill, M.1    Pilbeam, D.2    Isaac, G.L.3
  • 50
    • 70350442551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remarks on the current theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of early technological strategies in Eastern Africa
    • In, (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Torre, I. de la & Mora, R. 2009 Remarks on the current theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of early technological strategies in Eastern Africa. In Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), pp. 15-24. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2009) Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan , pp. 15-24
    • de la Torre, I.1    Mora, R.2
  • 51
    • 0000698115 scopus 로고
    • Depositional environments, archeological occurrences and hominids from members E and F of the Shungura Formation (Omo basin, Ethiopia)
    • (doi:10.1016/0047-2484 (87)90019-4)
    • Howell, F. C., Haesaerts, P. & de Heinzelin, J. 1987 Depositional environments, archeological occurrences and hominids from members E and F of the Shungura Formation (Omo basin, Ethiopia). J. Hum. Evol. 16, 665-700. (doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90019-4)
    • (1987) J. Hum. Evol , vol.16 , pp. 665-700
    • Howell, F.C.1    Haesaerts, P.2    de Heinzelin, J.3
  • 52
    • 16144369497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan tools from the Hadar formation (Kada Hadar member), Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0079)
    • Kimbel, W. H. et al. 1996 Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan tools from the Hadar formation (Kada Hadar member), Ethiopia. J. Hum. Evol. 31, 549-561. (doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0079)
    • (1996) J. Hum. Evol , vol.31 , pp. 549-561
    • Kimbel, W.H.1
  • 53
    • 0027790788 scopus 로고
    • Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift
    • (doi:10.1038/365833a0)
    • Schrenk, F., Bromage, T. G., Betzler, C. G., Ring, U. & Juwayeyi, Y. M. 1993 Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift. Nature 365, 833-836. (doi:10.1038/365833a0)
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 833-836
    • Schrenk, F.1    Bromage, T.G.2    Betzler, C.G.3    Ring, U.4    Juwayeyi, Y.M.5
  • 54
    • 0037062935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa
    • (doi:10.1038/nature00879)
    • Brunet, M. et al. 2002 A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418, 145-151. (doi:10.1038/nature00879)
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 145-151
    • Brunet, M.1
  • 55
    • 0033597452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus garhi: A new species of early hominid from Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629)
    • Asfaw, B., White, T., Lovejoy, O., Latimer, B., Simpson, S. & Suwa, G. 1999 Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science 284, 629-635. (doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629)
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 629-635
    • Asfaw, B.1    White, T.2    Lovejoy, O.3    Latimer, B.4    Simpson, S.5    Suwa, G.6
  • 56
    • 0033597434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids
    • (doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625)
    • Heinzelin, J.D., Clark, J. D., White, T., Hart, W., Renne, P., WoldeGabriel, G., Beyene, Y. & Vrba, E. 1999 Environment and behavior of 2.5-million-year-old Bouri hominids. Science 284, 625-629. (doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625)
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 625-629
    • Heinzelin, J.D.1    Clark, J.D.2    White, T.3    Hart, W.4    Renne, P.5    Wolde Gabriel, G.6    Beyene, Y.7    Vrba, E.8
  • 57
    • 0022858309 scopus 로고
    • Foundation stones: Early artifacts as indicators of activities and abilities
    • In, (eds G. N. Bailey & P. Callow), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Isaac, G. L. 1986 Foundation stones: early artifacts as indicators of activities and abilities. In Stone Age prehistory: studies in memory of Charles McBurney (eds G. N. Bailey & P. Callow), pp. 221-241. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1986) Stone Age prehistory: Studies in memory of Charles McBurney , pp. 221-241
    • Isaac, G.L.1
  • 58
    • 85057803535 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of Middle Paleolithic scraper morphology
    • (doi:10.2307/281062)
    • Dibble, H. L. 1987 The interpretation of Middle Paleolithic scraper morphology. Am. Antiquity 52, 109-117. (doi:10.2307/281062)
    • (1987) Am. Antiquity , vol.52 , pp. 109-117
    • Dibble, H.L.1
  • 59
    • 0001595293 scopus 로고
    • Why the Oldowan? Plio-pleistocene toolmaking and the transport of resources
    • Potts, R. 1991 Why the Oldowan? Plio-pleistocene toolmaking and the transport of resources. J. Anthropol. Res. 47, 153-176.
    • (1991) J. Anthropol. Res , vol.47 , pp. 153-176
    • Potts, R.1
  • 60
    • 79958737189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and cognition in the Acheulian industry: A case study from Gesher Benot Ya, aqov
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb. 2010.0365)
    • Goren-Inbar, N. 2011 Culture and cognition in the Acheulian industry: a case study from Gesher Benot Ya, aqov. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 1038-1049. (doi:10.1098/rstb. 2010.0365)
    • (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.366 , pp. 1038-1049
    • Goren-Inbar, N.1
  • 61
    • 0001813769 scopus 로고
    • Technological evolution in Early hominids
    • Roche, H. 1989 Technological evolution in Early hominids. Ossa 14, 97-98.
    • (1989) Ossa , vol.14 , pp. 97-98
    • Roche, H.1
  • 62
    • 0028590961 scopus 로고
    • Pliocene archaeological occurrences in the Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya
    • (doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1040)
    • Kibunjia, M. 1994 Pliocene archaeological occurrences in the Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 27, 157-171. (doi:10.1006/jhev.1994.1040)
    • (1994) J. Hum. Evol , vol.27 , pp. 157-171
    • Kibunjia, M.1
  • 63
    • 0000293689 scopus 로고
    • An ape's view of the Oldowan
    • Wynn, T. & McGrew, W. C. 1989 An ape's view of the Oldowan. MAN New Ser. 24, 383-398.
    • (1989) MAN New Ser , vol.24 , pp. 383-398
    • Wynn, T.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 65
    • 0001067654 scopus 로고
    • Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior
    • (doi:10.1016/0278-4165 (85)90009-1)
    • Binford, L. R. 1985 Human ancestors: changing views of their behavior. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 4, 292-327. (doi:10.1016/0278-4165(85)90009-1)
    • (1985) J. Anthropol. Archaeol , vol.4 , pp. 292-327
    • Binford, L.R.1
  • 66
    • 79959500283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures?
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0340)
    • d'Errico, F. & Stringer, C. B. 2011 Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 1060-1069. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0340)
    • (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.366 , pp. 1060-1069
    • d'Errico, F.1    Stringer, C.B.2
  • 67
    • 77953544624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological variation in the earliest Oldowan from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.005)
    • Stout, D., Semaw, S., Rogers, M. J. & Cauche, D. 2010 Technological variation in the earliest Oldowan from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. J. Hum. Evol. 58, 474-491. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.02.005)
    • (2010) J. Hum. Evol , vol.58 , pp. 474-491
    • Stout, D.1    Semaw, S.2    Rogers, M.J.3    Cauche, D.4
  • 68
    • 15444367224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raw material selectivity of the earliest stone tool-makers at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia
    • (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol. 2004.10.006)
    • Stout, D., Quade, J., Semaw, S., Rogers, M. J. & Levin, N. E. 2005 Raw material selectivity of the earliest stone tool-makers at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. J. Hum. Evol. 48, 365-380. (doi:10.1016/j.jhevol. 2004.10.006)
    • (2005) J. Hum. Evol , vol.48 , pp. 365-380
    • Stout, D.1    Quade, J.2    Semaw, S.3    Rogers, M.J.4    Levin, N.E.5
  • 69
    • 79953273347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stone toolmaking and the evolution of human culture and cognition
    • (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0369)
    • Stout, D. 2011 Stone toolmaking and the evolution of human culture and cognition. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 1050-1059. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0369)
    • (2011) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.366 , pp. 1050-1059
    • Stout, D.1
  • 70
    • 85045937709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in raw material selectivity at the late Pliocene sites of Lokalalei, West Turkana, Kenya
    • In, (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Harmand, S. 2009 Variability in raw material selectivity at the late Pliocene sites of Lokalalei, West Turkana, Kenya. In Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), pp. 85-97. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2009) Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan , pp. 85-97
    • Harmand, S.1
  • 71
    • 17644381203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pliocene hominid knapping skills: The case of Lokalalei 2C, West Turkana, Kenya
    • (doi:10.1016/j. jhevol.2004.12.005)
    • Delagnes, A. & Roche, H. 2005 Late Pliocene hominid knapping skills: the case of Lokalalei 2C, West Turkana, Kenya. J. Hum. Evol. 48, 435-472. (doi:10.1016/j. jhevol.2004.12.005)
    • (2005) J. Hum. Evol , vol.48 , pp. 435-472
    • Delagnes, A.1    Roche, H.2
  • 72
    • 55449105741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stone knapping in the Late Pliocene in Hadar, Ethiopia
    • In, International workshop, 21-24 November. Pont-à-Mousson, Abstracts
    • Hovers, E. 2001 Stone knapping in the Late Pliocene in Hadar, Ethiopia. In Knapping stone. A uniquely hominid behaviour? International workshop, 21-24 November. Pont-à-Mousson, Abstracts, pp. 11-12.
    • (2001) Knapping stone. A uniquely hominid behaviour? , pp. 11-12
    • Hovers, E.1
  • 73
    • 33748925356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omo revisited: Evaluating the technological skills of Pliocene hominids
    • (doi:10.1086/422079)
    • Torre, I. de la 2004 Omo revisited: evaluating the technological skills of Pliocene hominids. Curr. Anthropol. 45, 439-465. (doi:10.1086/422079)
    • (2004) Curr. Anthropol , vol.45 , pp. 439-465
    • de la Torre, I.1
  • 74
    • 83755203888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From nothing to something: The appearance and context of the earliest archaeological record
    • In, (eds M. Camps & P. Chauhan), New York, NY: Springer
    • Rogers, M. J. & Semaw, S. 2009 From nothing to something: the appearance and context of the earliest archaeological record. In Sourcebook of paleolithic transitions methods, theories, and interpretations (eds M. Camps & P. Chauhan), pp. 155-171. New York, NY: Springer.
    • (2009) Sourcebook of paleolithic transitions methods, theories, and interpretations , pp. 155-171
    • Rogers, M.J.1    Semaw, S.2
  • 75
    • 0036967899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Older than the Oldowan? Rethinking the emergence of hominin tool use
    • (doi:10.1002/evan.10094)
    • Panger, M. A., Brooks, A. S., Richmond, B. G. & Wood, B. 2002 Older than the Oldowan? Rethinking the emergence of hominin tool use. Evol. Anthropol. 11, 235-245. (doi:10.1002/evan.10094)
    • (2002) Evol. Anthropol , vol.11 , pp. 235-245
    • Panger, M.A.1    Brooks, A.S.2    Richmond, B.G.3    Wood, B.4
  • 76
    • 70349994205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution and cultural transmission of percussive technology: Integrating evidence from palaeoanthropology and primatology
    • (doi:10.1016/ j.jhevol.2008.12.010)
    • Whiten, A., Schick, K. & Toth, N. 2009 The evolution and cultural transmission of percussive technology: integrating evidence from palaeoanthropology and primatology. J. Hum. Evol. 57, 420-435. (doi:10.1016/ j.jhevol.2008.12.010)
    • (2009) J. Hum. Evol , vol.57 , pp. 420-435
    • Whiten, A.1    Schick, K.2    Toth, N.3
  • 77
    • 67650796399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate archaeology
    • (doi:10.1038/nature08188)
    • Haslam, M. et al. 2009 Primate archaeology. Nature 460, 339-344. (doi:10.1038/nature08188)
    • (2009) Nature , vol.460 , pp. 339-344
    • Haslam, M.1
  • 78
    • 0842279617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les sites archéologiques plio-pléistocènes de la formation de Nachukui, Ouest-Turkana, Kenya: Bilan synthétique 1997-2001
    • (doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2003.06.001)
    • Roche, H., Brugal, J.-P., Delagnes, A., Feibel, C., Harmand, S., Kibunjia, M., Prat, S. & Texier, J. 2003 Les sites archéologiques plio-pléistocènes de la formation de Nachukui, Ouest-Turkana, Kenya: bilan synthétique 1997-2001. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2, 663-673. (doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2003.06.001)
    • (2003) Comptes Rendus Palevol , vol.2 , pp. 663-673
    • Roche, H.1    Brugal, J.-P.2    Delagnes, A.3    Feibel, C.4    Harmand, S.5    Kibunjia, M.6    Prat, S.7    Texier, J.8
  • 81
    • 84922979952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oldowan technology and raw material variability at Kanjera South
    • In, (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Braun, D. R., Plummer, T., Ditchfield, P., Bishop, L. C. & Ferraro, J. V. 2009 Oldowan technology and raw material variability at Kanjera South. In Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), pp. 99-110. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2009) Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan , pp. 99-110
    • Braun, D.R.1    Plummer, T.2    Ditchfield, P.3    Bishop, L.C.4    Ferraro, J.V.5
  • 85
    • 79955009364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Oldowan industry from Sterkfontein caves, South Africa
    • In, (eds K. Schick & N. Toth), Bloomington: Stone Age Institute Press
    • Kuman, K. & Field, A. S. 2009 The Oldowan industry from Sterkfontein caves, South Africa. In The cutting edge: new approaches to the archaeology of human origins (eds K. Schick & N. Toth), pp. 151-169. Bloomington: Stone Age Institute Press.
    • (2009) The cutting edge: New approaches to the archaeology of human origins , pp. 151-169
    • Kuman, K.1    Field, A.S.2
  • 88
    • 85045957206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological considerations in the study of Oldowan raw material selectivity: Insights from A.L. 894 (Hadar, Ethiopia)
    • In, (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Goldman-Neuman, T. & Hovers, E. 2009 Methodological considerations in the study of Oldowan raw material selectivity: insights from A.L. 894 (Hadar, Ethiopia). In Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan (eds E. Hovers & D. R. Braun), pp. 71-84. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2009) Interdisciplinary approaches to the Oldowan , pp. 71-84
    • Goldman-Neuman, T.1    Hovers, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.