메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 808-818

The red deer rut revisited: Female excursions but no evidence females move to mate with preferred males

Author keywords

Cervus elaphus; female choice; female movements; red deer; rut excursions; sexual selection

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; DEER; FEMALE; FEMALE BEHAVIOR; HAREM; MALE; MATE CHOICE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RUTTING; SEXUAL SELECTION;

EID: 79959475026     PISSN: 10452249     EISSN: 14657279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr052     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (79)
  • 3
    • 34447108202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of size and fluctuating asymmetry of antler characteristics in red deer (Cervus elaphus) during ontogeny
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00789.x
    • Bartos L, Bahbouh R, Vach M. 2007. Repeatability of size and fluctu¬ating asymmetry of antler characteristics in red deer (Cervus elaphus) during ontogeny. Biol J Linn Soc. 91:215-226. (Pubitemid 47029871)
    • (2007) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-226
    • Bartos, L.1    Bahbouh, R.2    Vach, M.3
  • 4
    • 24944521030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [cited 2008 February 19]. Available from
    • Beyer HL. 2004. Hawth's Analysis Tools for ArcGIS. [cited 2008 February 19]. Available from: http://www.spatialecology.com/htools.
    • (2004) Hawth's Analysis Tools for ArcGIS
    • Beyer, H.L.1
  • 6
    • 0035358553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can older males deliver the good genes?
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02147-4, PII S0169534701021474
    • Brooks R, Kemp DJ. 2001. Can older males deliver the good genes? Trends Ecol Evol. 16:308-313. (Pubitemid 32706647)
    • (2001) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 308-313
    • Brooks, R.1    Kemp, D.J.2
  • 7
    • 0028176829 scopus 로고
    • Pronghorn females choose vigor¬ous mates
    • Byers JA, Moodie JD, Hall N. 1994. Pronghorn females choose vigor¬ous mates. Anim Behav. 47:33-43.
    • (1994) Anim Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 33-43
    • Byers, J.A.1    Moodie, J.D.2    Hall, N.3
  • 8
    • 28844450230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large cost of female mate sampling in pronghorn
    • DOI 10.1086/497401
    • Byers JA, Wiseman PA, Jones L, Roffe TJ. 2005. A large cost of female mate sampling in pronghorn. Am Nat. 166:661-668. (Pubitemid 41778881)
    • (2005) American Naturalist , vol.166 , Issue.6 , pp. 661-668
    • Byers, J.A.1    Wiseman, P.A.2    Jones, L.3    Roffe, T.J.4
  • 9
    • 33746277229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The package "adehabitat" for the R software: A tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.017, PII S0304380006001414
    • Calenge C. 2006. The package "adehabitat" for the R software: a tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals. Ecol Model. 197:516-519. (Pubitemid 44108402)
    • (2006) Ecological Modelling , vol.197 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 516-519
    • Calenge, C.1
  • 10
    • 0028976010 scopus 로고
    • Female attraction by males versus sites in territorial rutting red deer
    • Carranza J. 1995. Female attraction by males versus sites in territorial rutting red deer. Anim Behav. 50:445-453.
    • (1995) Anim Behav. , vol.50 , pp. 445-453
    • Carranza, J.1
  • 12
    • 0032718137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red deer females collect on male clumps at mating areas
    • Carranza J, Valencia. 1999. Red deer females collect on male clumps at mating areas. Behav Ecol. 10:525-532.
    • (1999) Behav Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 525-532
    • Carranza, J.1    Valencia2
  • 13
    • 52649106886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free-ranging red deer hinds show greater attentiveness to roars with formant frequencies typical of young males
    • Charlton BD, McComb K, Reby D. 2008. Free-ranging red deer hinds show greater attentiveness to roars with formant frequencies typical of young males. Ethology. 114:1023-1031.
    • (2008) Ethology. , vol.114 , pp. 1023-1031
    • Charlton, B.D.1    McComb, K.2    Reby, D.3
  • 14
    • 35148846292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female perception of size-related formant shifts in red deer, Cervus elaphus
    • DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.09.021, PII S0003347207001893
    • Charlton BD, Reby D, McComb K. 2007a. Female perception of size-related formant shifts in red deer, Cervus elaphus. Anim Behav. 74:707-714. (Pubitemid 47538495)
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , Issue.4 , pp. 707-714
    • Charlton, B.D.1    Reby, D.2    McComb, K.3
  • 15
    • 35248845607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female red deer prefer the roars of larger males
    • Charlton BD, Reby D, McComb K. 2007b. Female red deer prefer the roars of larger males. Biol Lett. 3:382-385.
    • (2007) Biol Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 382-385
    • Charlton, B.D.1    Reby, D.2    McComb, K.3
  • 16
    • 0028975970 scopus 로고
    • Divorce in birds: A review of the hypotheses
    • Choudhury S. 1995. Divorce in birds: a review of the hypotheses. Anim Behav. 50:413-429.
    • (1995) Anim Behav. , vol.50 , pp. 413-429
    • Choudhury, S.1
  • 18
  • 21
    • 0027842298 scopus 로고
    • Experimental tests of copying and mate choice in fallow deer (Dama dama)
    • Clutton-Brock TH, McComb K. 1993. Experimental tests of copying and mate choice in fallow deer (Dama-Dama). Behav Ecol. 4: 191-193. (Pubitemid 24409962)
    • (1993) Behavioral Ecology , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-193
    • Clutton-Brock, T.1    McComb, K.2
  • 22
    • 0027103421 scopus 로고
    • Mate retention, harassment, and the evolution of ungulate leks
    • Clutton-Brock TH, Price OF, MacColl ADC. 1992. Mate retention, harassment and the evolution of ungulate leks. Behav Ecol. 3: 234-242. (Pubitemid 23401853)
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-242
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Price, O.F.2    Maccoll, A.D.C.3
  • 24
    • 0033166231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male reproductive success in a promiscuous mammal: Behavioural estimates compared with genetic paternity
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00683.x
    • Coltman DW, Bancroft DR, Robertson A, Smith JA, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberton JM. 1999. Male reproductive success in a promiscuous mammal: behavioural estimates compared with genetic paternity. Mol Ecol. 8:1199-1209. (Pubitemid 29373272)
    • (1999) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 1199-1209
    • Coltman, D.W.1    Bancroft, D.R.2    Robertson, A.3    Smith, J.A.4    Clutton-Brock, T.H.5    Pemberton, J.M.6
  • 26
    • 0000485578 scopus 로고
    • Female incitation of male competition: A mechanism in sexual selection
    • Cox CR, Le Bouef BJ. 1977. Female incitation of male competition: a mechanism in sexual selection. Am Nat. 111:317-335.
    • (1977) Am Nat. , vol.111 , pp. 317-335
    • Cox, C.R.1    Le Bouef, B.J.2
  • 27
    • 84889398472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chichester (UK): John Wiley and Sons Ltd
    • Crawley MJ. 2007. The R Book. Chichester (UK): John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
    • (2007) The R Book
    • Crawley, M.J.1
  • 28
    • 0037706974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal range size in relation to reproductive strategies in brown bears Ursus arctos
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00737.x
    • Dahle B, Swenson JE. 2003. Seasonal range size in relation to repro¬ductive strategies in brown bears Ursus arctos. J Anim Ecol. 72: 660-667. (Pubitemid 36872501)
    • (2003) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 660-667
    • Dahle, B.1    Swenson, J.E.2
  • 29
    • 0032793763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of body size and home range on access to mates and paternity in male bridled nailtail wallabies
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1119
    • Fisher DO, Lara MC. 1999. Effects of body size and home range on access to mates and paternity in male bridled nailtail wallabies. Anim Behav. 58:121-130. (Pubitemid 29337795)
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-130
    • Fisher, D.O.1    Lara, M.C.2
  • 30
    • 0004925381 scopus 로고
    • Differential reproduction among red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags on Rhum
    • Gibson RM, Guinness FE. 1980. Differential reproduction among red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags on Rhum. J Anim Ecol. 49: 199-208.
    • (1980) J Anim Ecol. , vol.49 , pp. 199-208
    • Gibson, R.M.1    Guinness, F.E.2
  • 31
    • 0015164137 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive cycle of female red deer, Cervus-Elaphus L
    • Guinness F, Lincoln GA, Short RV. 1971. Reproductive cycle of female red deer, Cervus-Elaphus L. J Reprod Fertil. 27:427.
    • (1971) J Reprod Fertil. , vol.27 , pp. 427
    • Guinness, F.1    Lincoln, G.A.2    Short, R.V.3
  • 32
    • 33749824427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards unbiased parent¬age assignment: Combining, genetic, behavioural and spatial data in a Bayesian framework
    • Hadfield JD, Richardson DS, Burke T. 2006. Towards unbiased parent¬age assignment: combining, genetic, behavioural and spatial data in a Bayesian framework. Mol Ecol. 15:3175-3730.
    • (2006) Mol Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 3175-3730
    • Hadfield, J.D.1    Richardson, D.S.2    Burke, T.3
  • 33
    • 0028994831 scopus 로고
    • Good genes and old age: Do old mates provide superior genes?
    • Hansen TF, Price DK. 1995. Good genes and old age: do old mates provide superior genes? J Evol Biol. 8:759-778. (Pubitemid 3009706)
    • (1995) Journal of Evolutionary Biology , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 759-778
    • Hansen, T.F.1    Price, D.K.2
  • 34
    • 0036900207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the correlation between heterozygosity and fitness in natural populations
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01644.x
    • Hansson B, Westerberg L. 2002. On the correlation between hetero-zygosity and fitness in natural populations. Mol Ecol. 11:2467-2474. (Pubitemid 35436669)
    • (2002) Molecular Ecology , vol.11 , Issue.12 , pp. 2467-2474
    • Hansson, B.1    Westerberg, L.2
  • 35
    • 33847232920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female fur seals show active choice for males that are heterozygous and unrelated
    • Hoffman JI, Forcada J, Trathan PN, Amos W. 2007. Female fur seals show active choice for males that are heterozygous and unrelated. Nature. 445:912-914.
    • (2007) Nature. , vol.445 , pp. 912-914
    • Hoffman, J.I.1    Forcada, J.2    Trathan, P.N.3    Amos, W.4
  • 36
    • 0030792015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating in bighorn sheep: Frequent male reproduction via a high-risk 'unconventional' tactic
    • DOI 10.1007/s002650050361
    • Hogg JT, Forbes SH. 1997. Mating in bighorn sheep: frequent male reproduction via a high-risk "unconventional" tactic. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 41:33-48. (Pubitemid 27309041)
    • (1997) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-48
    • Hogg, J.T.1    Forbes, S.H.2
  • 37
    • 59449093168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two sampling protocols and four home range estimators using radio-tracking data from urban badgers
    • Huck M, Davison J, Roper TJ. 2008. Comparison of two sampling protocols and four home range estimators using radio-tracking data from urban badgers. Wildl Biol. 14:467-477.
    • (2008) Wildl Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 467-477
    • Huck, M.1    Davison, J.2    Roper, T.J.3
  • 38
    • 0031871566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating molecular techniques with field methods in studies of social behavior: A revolution results
    • Hughes C. 1998. Integrating molecular techniques with field methods in studies of social behaviour: a revolution results. Ecology. 79:383-399. (Pubitemid 28378719)
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 383-399
    • Hughes, C.1
  • 39
    • 58149092999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male-male compe¬tition, female mate choice and their interaction: Determining total sexual selection
    • Hunt J, Brueker CJ, Sadowski JA, Moore AJ. 2009. Male-male compe¬tition, female mate choice and their interaction: determining total sexual selection. J Evol Biol. 22:13-26.
    • (2009) J Evol Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 13-26
    • Hunt, J.1    Brueker, C.J.2    Sadowski, J.A.3    Moore, A.J.4
  • 40
    • 0031011518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in mate choice and mating preferences: A review of causes and consequences
    • DOI 10.1017/S0006323196005014
    • Jennions MD, Petrie M. 1997. Variation in mate choice and mating preferences: a review of causes and consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 72:283-327. (Pubitemid 27207611)
    • (1997) Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 283-327
    • Jennions, M.D.1    Petrie, M.2
  • 41
    • 0034917691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density and linkage estimators of home range: Nearest-neighbor clustering defines multinuclear cores
    • Kenward RE, Clarke RT, Hodder KH, Walls SS. 2001. Density and linkage estimators of home range: nearest-neighbor clustering de¬fines multinuclear cores. Ecology. 82:1905-1920. (Pubitemid 32673791)
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , Issue.7 , pp. 1905-1920
    • Kenward, R.E.1    Clarke, R.T.2    Hodder, K.H.3    Walls, S.S.4
  • 42
    • 37349118682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On female choice, heterozygosity and the lek paradox
    • DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.011, PII S0003347207004836
    • Kotiaho JS, Lebas NR, Puurtinen M, Tomkins JL. 2008. On female choice, heterozygosity and the lek paradox. Anim Behav. e1-e3. (Pubitemid 350298107)
    • (2008) Animal Behaviour , vol.75 , Issue.1
    • Kotiaho, J.S.1    LeBas, N.R.2    Puurtinen, M.3    Tomkins, J.L.4
  • 44
    • 0031757102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial mobility of breeding female white-tailed deer in a low-density population
    • Labisky RF, Fritzen DE. 1998. Spatial mobility of breeding female white-tailed deer in a low-density population. J Wildl Manag. 62: 1329-1334. (Pubitemid 28501650)
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 1329-1334
    • Labisky, R.F.1    Fritzen, D.E.2
  • 45
    • 49349115330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Going out to mate: Excursion behaviour of female roe deer
    • Lovari S, Bartolommei P, Meschi F, Pezzo F. 2008. Going out to mate: excursion behaviour of female roe deer. Ethology. 114:886-896.
    • (2008) Ethology. , vol.114 , pp. 886-896
    • Lovari, S.1    Bartolommei, P.2    Meschi, F.3    Pezzo, F.4
  • 47
    • 4544301045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing mates: Good genes versus genes that are a good fit
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.018, PII S0169534704002150
    • Mays JHL, Hill GE. 2004. Choosing mates: good genes versus genes that are a good fit. Trends Ecol Evol. 19:554-559. (Pubitemid 39234762)
    • (2004) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.19 , Issue.10 , pp. 554-559
    • Mays Jr., H.L.1    Hill, G.E.2
  • 48
    • 0028192628 scopus 로고
    • Is mate choice copying or aggre¬gation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks?
    • McComb K, Clutton-Brock T. 1994. Is mate choice copying or aggre¬gation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks? Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 255:13-19.
    • (1994) Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. , vol.255 , pp. 13-19
    • McComb, K.1    Clutton-Brock, T.2
  • 49
    • 0026012630 scopus 로고
    • Female choice for high roaring rates in red deer, Cervus-Elaphus
    • McComb KE. 1991. Female choice for high roaring rates in red deer, Cervus-Elaphus. Anim Behav. 41:79-88.
    • (1991) Anim Behav. , vol.41 , pp. 79-88
    • McComb, K.E.1
  • 52
    • 12444335946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic quality and sexual selection: An integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02395.x
    • Neff BD, Pitcher TE. 2005. Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes. Mol Ecol. 14:19-38. (Pubitemid 40141473)
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-38
    • Neff, B.D.1    Pitcher, T.E.2
  • 53
    • 70149122776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population
    • Nussey DH, Kruuk LEB, Morris A, Clements MN, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH. 2009. Inter-and intrasexual variation in aging patterns across reproductive traits in a wild red deer population. Am Nat. 174:342-357.
    • (2009) Am Nat. , vol.174 , pp. 342-357
    • Nussey, D.H.1    Leb, K.2    Morris, A.3    Clements, M.N.4    Pemberton, J.M.5    Clutton-Brock, T.H.6
  • 55
    • 0027044101 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral estimates of male mating success tested by DNA fingerprinting in a polygynous mammal
    • Pemberton JM, Albon SD, Guinness FE, Clutton-Brock TH, Dover GA. 1992. Behavioural estimates of male mating success tested by DNA fingerprinting in a polygynous mammal. Behav Ecol. 3:66-75. (Pubitemid 23398883)
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-75
    • Pemberton, J.M.1    Albon, S.D.2    Guinness, F.E.3    Clutton-Brock, T.H.4    Dover, G.A.5
  • 56
    • 0024910583 scopus 로고
    • Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants
    • Poole JH. 1989. Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Anim Behav. 37:842-849. (Pubitemid 20417903)
    • (1989) Animal Behaviour , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 842-849
    • Poole, J.H.1
  • 57
    • 0031763345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should females prefer dominant males?
    • DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01513-4, PII S0169534798015134
    • Qvarnstrom A, Forsgren E. 1998. Should females prefer dominant males? Trends Ecol Evol. 13:498-501. (Pubitemid 28547329)
    • (1998) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 498-501
    • Qvarnstrom, A.1    Forsgren, E.2
  • 58
    • 5344244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. Vienna (Austria): R Foundation for Statistical Computing; [cited 2009 January 21]. Available from
    • R Development Core Team. 2008. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna (Austria): R Foundation for Statistical Computing; [cited 2009 January 21]. Available from: http://www.R-project.org.
    • (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 59
    • 77956911301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oestrus red deer hinds prefer male roars with higher fundamental frequencies
    • Reby D, Charlton BD, Locatelli Y, McComb K. 2010. Oestrus red deer hinds prefer male roars with higher fundamental frequencies. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 277:2747-2753.
    • (2010) Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. , vol.277 , pp. 2747-2753
    • Reby, D.1    Charlton, B.D.2    Locatelli, Y.3    McComb, K.4
  • 60
    • 0034774502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds discriminate between the roars of their current harem-holder stag and those of neighboring stags
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00732.x
    • Reby D, Hewison M, Izquierdo M, Pepin D. 2001. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds discriminate between the roars of their current harem-holder stag and those of neighbouring stags. Ethology. 107:951-959. (Pubitemid 32974476)
    • (2001) Ethology , vol.107 , Issue.10 , pp. 951-959
    • Reby, D.1    Hewison, M.2    Izquierdo, M.3    Pepin, D.4
  • 61
    • 0038082025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical constraints generate honesty: Acoustic cues to age and weight in the roars of red deer stags
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.2003.2078
    • Reby D, McComb K. 2003. Anatomical constraints generate honesty: acoustic cues to age and weight in the roars of red deer stags. Anim Behav. 65:519-530. (Pubitemid 36524207)
    • (2003) Animal Behaviour , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 519-530
    • Reby, D.1    McComb, K.2
  • 62
    • 2442443316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence reveals density-dependent mediated success of alternative mating behaviours in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus)
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02151.x
    • Reichard M, Smith C, Jordan WC. 2004. Genetic evidence reveals density-dependent mediated success of alternative mating behav¬iours in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). Mol Ecol. 13:1569-1578. (Pubitemid 38688906)
    • (2004) Molecular Ecology , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 1569-1578
    • Reichard, M.1    Smith, C.2    Jordan, W.C.3
  • 63
    • 0028183534 scopus 로고
    • Activity of desert mule deer during the breeding season
    • Relyea RA, Demarais S. 1994. Activity of desert mule deer during the breeding-season. J Mammal. 75:940-949. (Pubitemid 26448336)
    • (1994) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 940-949
    • Relyea, R.A.1    Demarais, S.2
  • 65
    • 0031662981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranging movements of female roe deer: Do home-loving does roam to mate?
    • San Jose C, Lovari S. 1998. Ranging movements of female roe deer: do home-loving does roam to mate? Ethology. 104:721-728. (Pubitemid 28445587)
    • (1998) Ethology , vol.104 , Issue.9 , pp. 721-728
    • San Jose, C.1    Lovari, S.2
  • 66
    • 0030435309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis
    • Seaman DE, Powell RA. 1996. An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecology. 77:2075-2085.
    • (1996) Ecology. , vol.77 , pp. 2075-2085
    • Seaman, D.E.1    Powell, R.A.2
  • 67
    • 34548425101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male harassment influences female movements and associations in Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi)
    • DOI 10.1093/beheco/arm055
    • Sundaresan SR, Fischhoff IR, Rubenstein DI. 2007. Male harassment influences female movements and associations in Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi). Behav Ecol. 18:860-865. (Pubitemid 47357652)
    • (2007) Behavioral Ecology , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 860-865
    • Sundaresan, S.R.1    Fischhoff, I.R.2    Rubenstein, D.I.3
  • 68
    • 0028978299 scopus 로고
    • Ecological and demographic effects on intraspecific variation in the social system of prairie dogs
    • Travis SE, Slobodchikoff CN, Keim P. 1995. Ecological and demo¬graphic effects on intraspecific variation in the social system of prairie dogs. Ecology. 76:1794-1803. (Pubitemid 26447234)
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 1794-1803
    • Travis, S.E.1    Slobodchikoff, C.N.2    Keim, P.3
  • 69
    • 85068409711 scopus 로고
    • Parental investment and sexual selection
    • In: Campbell B. editor Chicago (IL): Aldine-Atherton.
    • Trivers R. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Campbell B, editor. Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1971. Chicago (IL): Aldine-Atherton. p. 136-179.
    • (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971 , pp. 136-179
    • Trivers, R.1
  • 70
    • 33646595628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finding fathers: Spatio-temporal analysis of paternity assignment in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)
    • Twiss SD, Poland VF, Graves JA, Pomeroy PP. 2006. Finding fathers: spatio-temporal analysis of paternity assignment in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Mol Ecol. 15:1939-1953.
    • Mol Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 1939-1953
    • Twiss, S.D.1    Poland, V.F.2    Graves, J.A.3    Pomeroy, P.P.4
  • 71
    • 34249843882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of climatic variation on the opportunity for sexual selection
    • Twiss SD, Thomas C, Poland V, Graves JA, Pomeroy P. 2007. The impact of climatic variation on the opportunity for sexual selection. Biol Lett. 3:12-15.
    • (2007) Biol Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 12-15
    • Twiss, S.D.1    Thomas, C.2    Poland, V.3    Graves, J.A.4    Pomeroy, P.5
  • 72
    • 77951154678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing parentage inference software: Re-analysis of a red deer pedigree
    • Walling CA, Pemberton J, Hadfield JD, Kruuk LEB. 2010. Comparing parentage inference software: re-analysis of a red deer pedigree. Mol Ecol. 19:1914-1928.
    • (2010) Mol Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 1914-1928
    • Walling, C.A.1    Pemberton, J.2    Hadfield, J.D.3    Kruuk, L.E.B.4
  • 73
    • 65549135685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data under polygamy
    • Wang J, Santure AW. 2009. Parentage and sibship inference from multilocus genotype data under polygamy. Genetics. 181:579-1594.
    • (2009) Genetics. , vol.181 , pp. 579-1594
    • Wang, J.1    Santure, A.W.2
  • 74
    • 0032465195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breeding strategies, mate choice, and reproductive success in American bison
    • Wolff JO. 1998. Breeding strategies, mate choice, and reproductive success in American bison. Oikos. 83:529-544. (Pubitemid 29072995)
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 529-544
    • Wolff, J.O.1
  • 76
    • 0006418530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where have all the fathers gone? An extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00705.x
    • Worthington Wilmer J, Allen PJ, Pomeroy PP, Twiss SD, Amos W. 1999. Where have all the fathers gone? An extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Mol Ecol. 8: 1417-1429. (Pubitemid 29514549)
    • (1999) Molecular Ecology , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 1417-1429
    • Worthington Wilmer, J.1    Allen, P.J.2    Pomeroy, P.P.3    Twiss, S.D.4    Amos, W.5
  • 78
    • 0023483893 scopus 로고
    • A review of models of home range for animal move¬ment
    • Worton BJ. 1987. A review of models of home range for animal move¬ment. Ecol Model. 38:277-298.
    • (1987) Ecol Model. , vol.38 , pp. 277-298
    • Worton, B.J.1
  • 79
    • 0024937921 scopus 로고
    • Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distribution in home- range studies
    • Worton BJ. 1989. Kernel methods for estimating the utilization distri¬bution in home-range studies. Ecology. 70:164-168. (Pubitemid 20418153)
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-168
    • Worton, B.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.