A general relativistic explanation of the pioneer anomaly and the utility of a milli-c NEP mission for validating the observations

61st International Astronautical Congress 2010, IAC 2010

Volumn 12, Issue , 2010, Pages 9832-9840

  Humphreys, D Russell ^a   Lenard, Roger X ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b Little Prairie Services   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

A-CENTER; BIG BANG COSMOLOGY; CENTER OF MASS; COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; EMPTY SPACE; GAS LEAKS; GENERAL RELATIVITY; GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL; NUCLEAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION; OORT CLOUD; PIONEER 10; SCHWARZSCHILD; SPACE-BASED OBSERVATORIES; SPACETIME CURVATURE; SPIRAL GALAXIES;

BUILDINGS; COSMOLOGY; EARTH (PLANET); ELECTRIC PROPULSION; GALAXIES; OBSERVATORIES; PROBES; RELATIVITY; SPACECRAFT; SPACECRAFT PROPULSION; SUN;

GRAVITATION;

EID: 79959437162     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (25)

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15. Frankel, T., Gravitational Curvature: An Introduction to Einstein's Theory, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1979, p. 54. This is a general-relativistic version of Isaac Newton's well-known "cavity" theorem showing that the empty interior of a spherical shell of mass is free of gravitational force (hence the potential is contant throughout the interior).
16. 3)→GM
17. nd edition, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1993, Chap. 4, p.113, eq. (4.40).
18. Humphreys, D. R., Creationist cosmologies explain the anomalous acceleration of Pioneer spacecraft, Journal of Creation 21(2):61-70, 2007,
19. Appendix, "Exact metric in an expanding empty shell," pp. 65-69. Archived at: http://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j21-2/j21-2-6l-70.pdf.
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21. Schutz, B. F., A First Course in General Relativity, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985, p. 185, eq. (7.8).
22. th edition, edited by Beyer, W. H., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1976, p. 331, eq. (49), q→τ, p→0, x→τ.
23. 2.
24. 2, from the mass shell out to infinity. That justifies using a flat potential approximation inside R.
25. 2. It is possible the variation has something to do with the acceleration being along the earth-to-spacecraft line of sight, whose length and direction would vary annually, rather than being in the exact direction of the sun.