Intracranial study of speech-elicited activity on the human posterolateral superior temporal gyrus

Cerebral Cortex

Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 2332-2347

  Steinschneider, Mitchell ^a   Nourski, Kirill V ^b   Kawasaki, Hiroto ^b   Oya, Hiroyuki ^b   Brugge, John F ^b,c,d   Howard, Matthew A ^b  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^c Department of Psychology ^*  (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Average evoked potentials; Electrocorticogram; Gamma oscillations; Place of articulation; Voice onset time

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONSONANT; ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY; ELECTRODE; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HUMAN; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; MALE; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPEECH ANALYSIS; SPEECH ARTICULATION; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS; VOICE ONSET TIME; VOWEL;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADULT; AUDITORY CORTEX; BRAIN MAPPING; ELECTRODES, IMPLANTED; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SPEECH; SPEECH PERCEPTION; TEMPORAL LOBE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79959355733     PISSN: 10473211     EISSN: 14602199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr014     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc B Stat Methodol. 57:289-300.
2. Besle J, Fischer C, Bidet-Caulet A, Lecaignard F, Bertrand O, Giard M-H. 2008. Visual activation and audiovisual interactions in the auditory cortex during speech perception: intracranial recordings in humans. J Neurosci. 28:14301-14310.
3. Bidet-Caulet A, Fischer C, Bauchet F, Aguera P-E, Bertrand O. 2008. Neural substrate of concurrent sound perception: direct electrophysiological recordings from human auditory cortex. Front Hum Neurosci. 1:5.
4. Binder JR, Frost JA, Hammeke TA, Bellgowan PS, Springer JA, Kaufman JN, Possing ET. 2000. Human temporal lobe activation by speech and nonspeech sounds. Cereb Cortex. 10:512-528. (Pubitemid 30318458)
5. Bitterman Y, Mukamel R, Malach R, Fried I, Nelken I. 2008. Ultra-fine frequency tuning revealed in single neurons of human auditory cortex. Nature. 451:197-201.
6. Blumstein SE, Stevens KN. 1979. Acoustic invariance in speech production: evidence from measurements of the spectral characteristics of stop consonants. J Acoust Soc Am. 66:1001-1017. (Pubitemid 10247572)
7. Blumstein SE, Stevens KN. 1980. Perceptual invariance and onset spectra for stop consonant vowel environments. J Acoust Soc Am. 67:648-662. (Pubitemid 10098259)
8. Boatman DF, Miglioretti DL. 2005. Cortical sites critical for speech discrimination in normal and impaired listeners. J Neurosci. 25:5475-5480. (Pubitemid 40800639)
9. Boatman-Reich D, Franaszczuk PJ, Korzeniewska A, Caffo B, Ritzl EK, Colwell S, Crone NE. 2010. Quantifying auditory event-related responses in multichannel human intracranial recordings. Front Comp Neurosci. 4:4.
10. Boemio A, Fromm S, Braun A, Poeppel D. 2005. Hierarchical and asymmetrical temporal sensitivity in human auditory cortices. Nat Neurosci. 8:389-395. (Pubitemid 40300197)
11. Brosch M, Budinger E, Scheich H. 2002. Stimulus-related gamma oscillations in primate auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 87:2715-2725. (Pubitemid 34670650)
12. Brugge JF, Nourski KV, Oya H, Reale RA, Kawasaki H, Steinschneider M, Howard MA III. 2009. Coding of repetitive transients by auditory cortex on Heschl's gyrus. J Neurophysiol. 102:2358-2374.
13. Brugge JF, Volkov IO, Garell C, Reale RA, Howard MA, III. 2003. Functional connections between auditory cortex on Heschl's gyrus and on the lateral superior temporal gyrus in humans. J Neurophysiol. 90:3750-3763. (Pubitemid 37541908)
14. Brugge JF, Volkov IO, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Reale RA, Fenoy A, Steinschneider M, Howard MA III. 2008. Functional localization of auditory cortical fields of human: click-train stimulation. Hear Res. 238:12-24.
15. Cacace AT, Satya-Murti S, Wolpaw JR. 1990. Human middle-latency auditory evoked potentials: vertex and temporal components. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol. 77:6-18. (Pubitemid 20013426)
16. Canolty RT, Soltani M, Dalal SS, Edwards E, Dronkers NF, Nagarajan SS, Kirsch HE, Barbaro NM, Knight RT. 2007. Spatiotemporal dynamics of word processing in the human brain. Front Neurosci. 1:185-196.
17. Celesia GG. 1976. Organization of auditory cortical areas in man. Brain. 99:403-414.
18. Chang EF, Rieger JW, Johnson K, Berger MS, Barbaro NM, Knight RT. 2010. Categorical speech representation in human superior temporal gyrus. Nat Neurosci. 13:1428-1433.
19. Chang S, Blumstein SE. 1981. The role of onsets in perception of stop consonant place of articulation: effects of spectral and temporal discontinuity. J Acoust Soc Am. 70:39-44. (Pubitemid 11016773)
20. Crone NE, Boatman D, Gordon B, Hao L. 2001. Induced electrocorticographic gamma activity during auditory perception. Clin Neurophysiol. 112:565-582. (Pubitemid 32245629)
21. Crone NE, Sinai A, Korzeniewska A. 2006. High-frequency gamma oscillations and human brain mapping with electrocorticography. In: Neuper C, Klimesch W, editors. Progress in brain research. Vol. 159. Amsterdam (Netherlands): Elsevier. p. 275-295. (Pubitemid 44634651)
22. Cunningham MO, Whittington MA, Bibbig A, Roopun A, LeBeau FEN, Vogt A, Monyer H, Buhl EH, Traub RD. 2004. A role for fast rhythmic bursting neurons in cortical gamma oscillations in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101:7152-7157. (Pubitemid 38596458)
23. Edwards E, Soltani M, Deouell LY, Berger MS, Knight RT. 2005. High gamma activity in response to deviant auditory stimuli recorded directly from human cortex. J Neurophysiol. 94:4269-4280. (Pubitemid 41691784)
24. Edwards E, Soltani M, Kim W, Dalal SS, Nagarajan SS, Berger MS, Knight RT. 2009. Comparison of time-frequency responses and the event-related potential to auditory speech stimuli in human cortex. J Neurophysiol. 102:377-386.
25. Edwards E, Nagarajan SS, Dalal SS, Canolty RT, Kirsch HE, Barbaro NM, Knight RT. 2010. Spatiotemporal imaging of cortical activation during verb generation and picture naming. Neuroimage. 50: 291-301.
26. Eggermont JJ. 1995. Neural correlates of gap detection and auditory fusion in cat auditory cortex. NeuroReport. 6:1645-1648.
27. Eggermont JJ, Ponton CW. 2002. The neurophysiology of auditory perception: from single units to evoked potentials. Audiol Neurootol. 7:71-99. (Pubitemid 34507577)
28. Engineer CT, Perez CA, Chen YH, Carraway RS, Reed AC, Shetake JA, Jakkamsetti V, Chang KQ, Kilgard MP. 2008. Cortical activity patterns predict speech discrimination ability. Nat Neurosci. 11:603-608. (Pubitemid 351595203)
29. Formisano E, De Martino F, Bonte M, Goebel R. 2008. "Who" is saying "what"? Brain-based decoding of human voice and speech. Science. 322:970-973.
30. Formisano E, Kim D-S, Di Salle F, van de Moortele P-F, Ugurbil K, Goebel R. 2003. Mirror-symmetric tonotopic maps in human primary auditory cortex. Neuron. 40:859-869. (Pubitemid 37431044)
31. Friedman-Hill S, Maldonado PE, Gray CM. 2000. Dynamics of striate cortical activity in the alert macaque: I. Incidence and stimulus dependence of gamma-band neuronal oscillations. Cereb Cortex. 10:1105-1116.
32. Frien A, Eckhorn R, Bauer R, Woelbern T, Gabriel A. 2000. Fast oscillations display sharper orientation tuning than slower components of the same recordings in striate cortex of the awake monkey. Eur J Neurosci. 12:1453-1465. (Pubitemid 30224248)
33. Fries P, Nikolić D, Singer W. 2007. The gamma cycle. Trends Neursci. 30:309-316. (Pubitemid 46991120)
34. Fullerton BC, Pandya DN. 2007. Architectonic analysis of the auditoryrelated areas of the superior temporal region in human brain. J Comp Neurol. 504:470-498. (Pubitemid 47572973)
35. Galaburda A, Sanides F. 1980. Cytoarchitectonic organization of the human auditory cortex. J Comp Neurol. 190:597-610. (Pubitemid 10080475)
36. Greenlee JD, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Volkov IO, Severson MA, Howard MA, III, Brugge JF. 2007. Functional connections within the human inferior frontal gyrus. J Comp Neurol. 503:550-559. (Pubitemid 47051366)
37. Hackett TA. 2003. The comparative anatomy of the primate auditory cortex. In: Ghazanfar AA, editor. Primate audition: ethology and neurobiology. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 199-219.
38. Hackett TA. 2007. Organization and correspondence of the auditory cortex of humans and nonhuman primates. In: Kaas JH, editor. Evolution of the nervous system. Oxford: Elsevier. p. 109-119.
39. Hackett TA. 2008. Anatomical organization of the auditory cortex. J Am Acad Audiol. 19:774-779.
40. Hackett TA, Preuss TM, Kaas JH. 2001. Architectonic identification of the core region in auditory cortex of macaques, chimpanzees, and humans. J Comp Neurol. 441:197-222. (Pubitemid 33131543)
41. Hall DA, Johnsrude IS, Haggard MP, Palmer AR, Akeroyd MA, Summerfield AQ. 2002. Spectral and temporal processing in human auditory cortex. Cereb Cortex. 12:140-149. (Pubitemid 34052970)
42. Hamberger MJ. 2007. Cortical language mapping in epilepsy: a critical review. Neuropsychol Rev. 17:477-489. (Pubitemid 50003381)
43. Hart HC, Palmer AR, Hall DA. 2004. Different areas of human nonprimary auditory cortex are activated by sounds with spatial and nonspatial properties. Hum Brain Map. 21:178-190. (Pubitemid 38295901)
44. Herrmann CS, Munk MHJ, Engel AK. 2004. Cognitive functions of gamma-band activity: memory match and utilization. Trends Cogn Sci. 8:347-355. (Pubitemid 39099460)
45. Howard MA, III, Volkov IO, Abbas PJ, Damasio H, Ollendieck MC, Granner MA. 1996. A chronic microelectrode investigation of the tonotopic organization of human auditory cortex. Brain Res. 724:260-264. (Pubitemid 26244542)
46. Howard MA, III, Volkov IO, Mirsky R, Garell PC, Noh MD, Granner M, Damasio H, Steinschneider M, Reale RA, Hind JE, et al. 2000. Auditory cortex on the human posterior superior temporal gyrus. J Comp Neurol. 416:79-92.
47. Jensen O, Kaiser J, Lachaux J-P. 2007. Human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory. Trend Neurosci. 30:317-324. (Pubitemid 46991117)
48. Jones EG. 2003. Chemically defined parallel pathways in the monkey auditory system. Ann NY Acad Sci. 999:218-233. (Pubitemid 38064827)
49. Kaas JH, Hackett TA. 2000. Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97: 11793-11799.
50. Kaas JH, Hackett TA. 2005. Subdivisions and connections of auditory cortex in primates: a working model. In: Konig R, Heil P, Budinger E, Scheich H, editors. Auditory cortex: a synthesis of human and animal research. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. p. 7-25.
51. Klatt DH, Klatt LC. 1990. Analysis, synthesis, and perception of voice quality variations among female and male talkers. J Acoust Soc Am. 87:820-857. (Pubitemid 20129722)
52. Knight RT, Scabini D, Woods DL, Clayworth C. 1988. The effects of lesions of superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe on temporal and vertex components of the human AEP. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol. 70:499-509.
53. Kosaki H, Hasikawa T, He J, Jones EG. 1997. Tonotopic organization of auditory cortical fields delineated by parvalbumin immunoreactivity in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 386:304-316. (Pubitemid 27392136)
54. LeBeau FEN, Traub RD, Monyer H, Whittington MA, Buhl E. 2003. The role of electrical signaling via gap junctions in the generation of fast network oscillations. Brain Res Bull. 2:3-13. (Pubitemid 37330110)
55. Liebenthal E, Binder JR, Spitzer SM, Possing ET, Medler DA. 2005. Neural substrates of phonemic perception. Cereb Cortex. 15: 1621-1631. (Pubitemid 41344511)
56. Lié geois-Chauvel C, de Graaf JB, Laguitton V, Chauvel P. 1999. Specialization of left auditory cortex for speech perception in man depends on temporal coding. Cereb Cortex. 9:484-496. (Pubitemid 29367768)
57. Lié geois-Chauvel C, Musolino A, Badier JM, Marquis P, Chauvel P. 1994. Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol. 92:204-214. (Pubitemid 24171900)
58. Matsumoto R, Nair DR, LaPresto E, Najm I, Bingaman W, Shibasaki H, Lüders HO. 2004. Functional connectivity in the human language system: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study. Brain. 126:2316-2330. (Pubitemid 39382240)
59. Metherate R, Cruikshank SJ. 1999. Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma-band activity in auditory cortex in vitro. Exp Brain Res. 126:160-174. (Pubitemid 29219095)
60. Morel A, Garraghty PE, Kaas JH. 1993. Tonotopic organization, architectonic fields, and connections of auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 335:437-459. (Pubitemid 23260381)
61. Mukamel R, Gelbard H, Arieli A, Hasson U, Fried I, Malach R. 2005. Coupling between neuronal firing, field potentials, and fMRI in human auditory cortex. Science. 309:951-954. (Pubitemid 41099935)
62. Näätänen R, Picton T. 1987. The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiol. 24:375-425. (Pubitemid 17114207)
63. Neelon MF, Williams J, Garell PC. 2006. The effects of attentional load on auditory ERPs recorded from human cortex. Brain Res. 1118:94-105. (Pubitemid 44633855)
64. Niessing J, Ebisch B, Schmidt KE, Niessing M, Singer W, Galuske RAW. 2005. Hemodynamic signals correlate tightly with synchronized gamma oscillations. Science. 309:948-951. (Pubitemid 41099934)
65. Nourski KV, Reale RA, Oya H, Kawasaki H, Kovach CK, Chen H, Howard MA III, Brugge JF. 2009. Temporal envelope of timecompressed speech represented in the human auditory cortex. J Neurosci. 29:15564-15574.
66. Obleser J, Eisner F. 2008. Pre-lexical abstraction of speech in the auditory cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 13:14-19.
67. Obleser J, Scott SK, Eulitz C. 2006. Now you hear it, now you don't: transient traces of consonants and their nonspeech analogues in the human brain. Cereb Cortex. 16:1069-1076. (Pubitemid 44025376)
68. Obleser J, Zimmermann J, Van Meter J, Rauschecker JP. 2007. Multiple stages of auditory speech perception reflected in event-related fMRI. Cereb Cortex. 17:2251-2257. (Pubitemid 47517460)
69. Oya H, Kawasaki H, Howard MA III, Adolphs R. 2002. Electrophysiological responses in the human amygdala discriminate emotion categories of complex visual stimuli. J Neurosci. 22:9502-9512. (Pubitemid 35363282)
70. Poeppel D, Idsardi WJ, van Wassenhove V. 2008. Speech perception at the interface of neurobiology and linguistics. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 363:1071-1086. (Pubitemid 351158935)
71. Powell HWR, Parker GJM, Alexander DC, Symms MR, Boulby PA, Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Barker GJ, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS. 2007. Abnormalities of language networks in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage. 36:209-221. (Pubitemid 46617951)
72. Privman E, Nir Y, Kramer U, Kipervasser S, Andelman F, Neufeld MY, Mukamel R, Yeshurun Y, Fried I, Malach R. 2007. Enhanced category tuning revealed by intracranial electroencephalograms in highorder human visual areas. J Neurosci. 27:6234-6242. (Pubitemid 46890028)
73. Rauschecker JP, Tian B. 2000. Mechanisms and streams for processing of "what" and "where" in auditory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:11800-11806.
74. Rauschecker JP, Tian B. 2004. Processing of band-pass noise in the lateral auditory belt cortex of the rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol. 91:2578-2589. (Pubitemid 38649767)
75. Ray S, Crone NE, Niebur E, Franaszczuk PJ, Hsiao SS. 2008. Neural correlates of high-gamma oscillations (60-200 Hz) in macaque local field potentials and their potential implications in electrocorticography. J Neurosci. 28:11526-11536.
76. Ray S, Niebur E, Hsiao SS, Sinai A, Crone NE. 2008. High-frequency gamma activity (80-150 Hz) is increased in human cortex during selective attention. Clin Neurophysiol. 119:116-133.
77. Reale RA, Calvert GA, Thesen T, Jenison RL, Kawasaki H, Oya H, Howard MA, III, Brugge JF. 2007. Auditory-visual processing represented in the human superior temporal gyrus. Neurosci. 145:162-184. (Pubitemid 46227714)
78. Recanzone GH. 2008. Representation of con-specific vocalizations in the core and belt areas of the auditory cortex in the alert macaque monkey. J Neurosci. 28:13184-13193.
79. Rivier F, Clarke S. 1997. Cytochrome oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and NADPH-diaphorase staining in human supratemporal and insular cortex: evidence for multiple auditory areas. Neuroimage. 6:288-304. (Pubitemid 28018718)
80. Sabri M, Liebenthal E, Waldron EJ, Medler DA, Binder JR. 2006. Attentional modulation in the detection of irrelevant deviance: a simultaneous ERP/fMRI study. J Cogn Neurosci. 18:698-700.
81. Scherg M, Vajsar J, Picton TW. 1989. A source analysis of the late human auditory evoked potentials. J Cogn Neurosci. 1:336-355. (Pubitemid 20354918)
82. Schreiner CE. 1998. Spatial distribution of responses to simple and complex sounds in the primary auditory cortex. Audiol Neurootol. 3:104-122. (Pubitemid 28159885)
83. Scott SK, Johnsrude IS. 2003. The neuroanatomical and functional organization of speech perception. Trends Neursci. 26:100-107. (Pubitemid 36110544)
84. Scott SK, Rosen S, Lang H, Wise RJS. 2006. Neural correlates of intelligibility in speech investigated with noise vocoded speech-a positron emission tomography study. J Acoust Soc Am. 120:1075-1083. (Pubitemid 44213716)
85. Sharma A, Dorman MF. 2000. Neurophysiological correlates of crosslanguage phonetic perception. J Acoust Soc Am. 107: 2697-2703. (Pubitemid 30304915)
86. Simos PG, Diehl RL, Breier JI, Molis MR, Zouridakis G, Papanicolaou AC. 1998. MEG correlates of categorical perception of a voice onset time continuum in humans. Cogn Brain Res. 7:215-219. (Pubitemid 28475234)
87. Sinai A, Crone NE, Wied HM, Franaszczuk PJ, Miglioretti D, Boatman- Reich D. 2009. Intracranial mapping of auditory perception: eventrelated responses and electrocortical stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 120:140-149.
88. Spitsyna G, Warren JE, Scott SK, Turkheimer FE, Wise RJS. 2006. Converging language streams in the human temporal lobe. J Neurosci. 26:7328-7336. (Pubitemid 44315200)
89. Steinschneider M, Fishman YI. 2010. Enhanced physiologic discriminability of stop consonants with prolonged formant transitions in awake monkeys based on the tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex. Hear Res. doi:10.1016/ j.heares.2010.04.008.
90. Steinschneider M, Fishman YI, Arezzo JC. 2003. Representation of the voice onset time (VOT) speech parameter in population responses within primary auditory cortex of the awake monkey. J Acoust Soc Am. 114:307-321. (Pubitemid 36835502)
91. Steinschneider M, Fishman YI, Arezzo JC. 2008. Spectrotemporal analysis of evoked and induced electroencephalographic responses in primary auditory cortex (A1) of the awake monkey. Cereb Cortex. 18:610-625. (Pubitemid 351264232)
92. Steinschneider M, Reser D, Schroeder CE, Arezzo JC. 1995. Tonotopic organization of responses reflecting stop consonant place of articulation in primary auditory cortex (A1) of the monkey. Brain Res. 674:147-152.
93. Steinschneider M, Volkov IO, Fishman YI, Oya H, Arezzo JC, Howard MA, III. 2005. Intracortical responses in human and monkey primary auditory cortex support a temporal processing mechanism for encoding of the voice onset time phonetic parameter. Cereb Cortex. 15:170-186. (Pubitemid 40111078)
94. Steinschneider M, Volkov IO, Noh MD, Garell PC, Howard MA III. 1999. Temporal encoding of the voice onset time phonetic parameter by field potentials recorded directly from human auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol. 82:2346-2357.
95. Stevens KN, Blumstein SE. 1978. Invariant cues for place of articulation in stop consonants. J Acoust Soc Am. 64:1358-1368. (Pubitemid 9051750)
96. Sweet RA, Dorph-Petersen K-A, Lewis DA. 2005. Mapping auditory core, lateral belt, and parabelt cortices in the human superior temporal gyrus. J Comp Neurol. 491:270-289. (Pubitemid 41324595)
97. Tavabi K, Obleser J, Dobel C, Pantev C. 2007. Auditory evoked fields differentially encode speech features: an MEG investigation of the P50m and N100m time courses during syllable processing. Eur J Neurosci. 25:3155-3162. (Pubitemid 46888815)
98. Thivard L, Hombrouck J, Tézenas du Montcel S, Delmaire C, Cohen L, Samson S, Dupont S, Chiras J, Baulac M, Lehéricy S. 2005. Productive and perceptive language reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage. 24:841-851. (Pubitemid 40094566)
99. Tian B, Rauschecker JP. 2004. Processing of frequency-modulated sounds in the lateral auditory belt cortex of the rhesus monkey. J Neurophysiol. 92:2993-3013. (Pubitemid 40340508)
100. Tian B, Reser D, Durham A, Kustov A, Rauschecker JP. 2001. Functional specialization in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. Science. 292:290-293. (Pubitemid 32295388)
101. Towle VL, Yoon H-A, Castelle M, Edgar JC, Biassou NM, Frim DM, Spire J-P, Kohrman MH. 2008. ECoG gamma activity during a language task: differentiating expressive and receptive speech areas. Brain. 131:2013-2027.
102. Traub RD, Bibbig A, LeBeau FEN, Cunningham MO, Whittington MA. 2005. Persistent gamma oscillations in superficial layers of rat auditory neocortex: experiment and model. J Physiol. 562: 3-8. (Pubitemid 40207779)
103. Trébuchon-Da Fonseca A, Giraud K, Badier J-M, Chauvel P, Liégeois-Chauvel C. 2005. Hemispheric lateralization of voice onset time (VOT) comparison between depth and scalp EEG recordings. Neuroimage. 27:1-14. (Pubitemid 40966877)
104. Upadhyay J, Silver A, Knaus TA, Lindgren KA, Ducros M, Kim D-S, Tager- Flusberg H. 2008. Effective and structural connectivity in the human auditory cortex. J Neurosci. 28:3341-3349. (Pubitemid 351469322)
105. Uppenkamp S, Johnsrude IS, Norris D, Marslen-Wilson W, Patterson RD. 2006. Locating the initial stages of speech-sound processing in human temporal cortex. Neuroimage. 31:1284-1296. (Pubitemid 43851326)
106. Wallace MN, Johnston PW, Palmer AR. 2002. Histochemical identification of cortical areas in the auditory region of the human brain. Exp Brain Res. 143:499-508. (Pubitemid 34253299)
107. Wang X, Merzenich MM, Beitel R, Schreiner CE. 1995. Representation of a species-specific vocalization in the primary auditory cortex of the common marmoset: temporal and spectral characteristics. J Neurophysiol. 74:2685-2706. (Pubitemid 26012324)
108. Woldorff MG, Hillyard SA. 1991. Modulation of early auditory processing during selective listening to rapidly presented tones. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol. 79:170-191.
109. Woldorff MG, Gallen CC, Hampson SR, Hillyard SA, Pantev C, Sobel D, Bloom FE. 1993. Modulation of early sensory processing in human auditory cortex during auditory selective attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90:8722-8726. (Pubitemid 23277742)
110. Woods DL, Alho K, Algazi A. 1994. Stages of auditory feature conjunction: an event-related brain potential study. J Exp Psych: Hum Perc Perf. 20:81-94.
111. Woods TM, Lopez SE, Long JH, Rahman JE, Recanzone GH. 2006. Effects of stimulus azimuth and intensity on the single-neuron activity in the auditory cortex of the alert macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol. 96:3323-3337. (Pubitemid 44837876)
112. Yvert B, Fischer C, Bertrand O, Pernier J. 2005. Localization of human supratemporal auditory areas from intracerebral auditory evoked potentials using distributed source models. Neuroimage. 28: 140-153. (Pubitemid 41393895)