Neurocognitive impairment and neuroCART

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 303-308

  Wright, Edwina ^a,b,c  

^a The Alfred   (Australia)

^b BURNET INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^c MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

central nervous system penetration effectiveness score; HIV associated dementia; HIV associated neurocognitive disorders; neurocombination antiretroviral therapy; survival

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG PENETRATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS SURVIVAL;

AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; COHORT STUDIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 79959338166     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283477c46     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Letendre SL, McCutchan JA, Childers ME, et al. Enhancing antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus cognitive disorders. Ann Neurol 2004; 56:416-423. (Pubitemid 39166561)
2. Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin DR Jr, et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurology 2010; 75:2087-2096. This study provides important data on the current prevalence of HAND including within populations that are fully virologically suppressed.
3. Simioni S, Cavassini M, Annoni JM, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of viremia. AIDS 2010; 24:1243-1250.
4. Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007; 69:1789-1799. The go-to study that provides the updated definitions related to HIV neurocognitive impairment.
5. Cysique LA, Maruff P, Brew BJ. Antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection: are neurologically active drugs important? Arch Neurol 2004; 61:1699-1704.
6. Cherner M, Cysique L, Heaton RK, et al. Neuropathologic confirmation of definitional criteria for human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol 2007; 13:23-28. (Pubitemid 46510141)
7. Price RW, Yiannoutsos CT, Clifford DB, et al. Neurological outcomes in late HIV infection: adverse impact of neurological impairment on survival and protective effect of antiviral therapy. AIDS Clinical Trial Group and Neurological AIDS Research Consortium study team. AIDS 1999; 13:1677-1685. (Pubitemid 30015715)
8. Becker BW, Thames AD, Woo E, et al. Longitudinal change in cognitive function and medication adherence in HIV-infected adults. AIDS Behav 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
9. Marcotte TD, Heaton RK, Wolfson T, et al. The impact of HIV-related neuropsychological dysfunction on driving behavior. The HNRC Group. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1999; 5:579-592. (Pubitemid 30047684)
10. Heaton RK, Velin RA, McCutchan JA, et al. Neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infection: implications for employment. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Psychosom Med 1994; 56:8-17.
11. Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Mindt MR, et al. The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2004; 10:317-331. (Pubitemid 38779804)
12. Cysique LA, Vaida F, Letendre S, et al. Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2009; 73:342-348. This study demonstrates that neuroCART with CPE scores of at least 2 is associated with superior neurocognitive performance.
13. Tozzi V, Balestra P, Galgani S, et al. Positive and sustained effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment. AIDS 1999; 13:1889-1897. (Pubitemid 29509548)
14. Joska JA, Gouse H, Paul RH, et al. Does highly active antiretroviral therapy improve neurocognitive function? A systematic review. J Neurovirol 2010; 16:101-114.
15. Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, et al. Validation of the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 2008; 65:65-70. A seminal study that demonstrates the association between higher CPE scores and the reduced likelihood of having detectable CSF viral load.
16. Letendre S, Ellis R, Deutsch R, et al. Correlates of time-to-loss-of- viralresponse in CSF and plasma in the CHARTER cohort. 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI); 16-19 February 2010; San Francisco, San Diego, USA. This provides the most up-to-date CPE ranking system.
17. Patel K, Ming X, Williams PL, et al. Impact of HAART and CNS-penetrating antiretroviral regimens on HIV encephalopathy among perinatally infected children and adolescents. AIDS 2009; 23:1893-1901. A key study that demonstrates for the first time that neuroCART increases survival in children with HIV encephalopathy.
18. Van Rie A, Harrington PR, Dow A, Robertson K. Neurologic and neurodevelopmental manifestations of pediatric HIV/AIDS: a global perspective. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2007; 11:1-9. (Pubitemid 46076105)
19. Belman AL, Diamond G, Dickson D, et al. Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Neurologic syndromes. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142:29-35. (Pubitemid 18056357)
20. Brew BJ. HIV, the brain, children, HAART and 'neuro-HAART': a complex mix. AIDS 2009; 23:1909-1910.
21. McManus HLP, Nolan D, Bloch M, et al., for TAHOD and AHOD. Does use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) using regimens with high central nervous system (CNS) penetration improve survival in HIV-infected adults? Accepted HIV Medicine, April 2011. A large cohort study from the Asia Pacific region that did not demonstrate a relationship between use of neuroCART and improved survival in adults.
22. Lanoy E, Guiguet M, Bentata M, et al. Survival after neuroAIDS: association with antiretroviral CNS penetration-effectiveness score. Neurology 2011; 76:644-651. An excellent study that reports that in the pre- and early-cART calendar periods neuroCART was associated with improved survival in adults with HAD.
23. Smurzynski M, Wu K, Letendre S, et al. Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort. AIDS 2011; 25:357-365. This study provides a unique insight into neuroCART wherein superior neurocognitive performance was observed only in those patients receiving high CPE scoring cART regimens that contained more than three drugs.
24. Marra CM, Zhao Y, Clifford DB, et al. Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance. AIDS 2009; 23:1359-1366. Worsening of neurocognitive performance was observed in patients with advanced HIV disease who initiated, or switched to cART regimens with high CPE scores.
25. + cell counts had continuous improvement in their neurocognitive performance over 2 years following elective cessation of cART.
26. Guaraldi G, Zona S, Alexopoulos N, et al. Coronary aging in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:1756-1762.
27. Hoke A, Brushart T. Introduction to special issue: challenges and opportunities for regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Exp Neurol 2010; 223:1-4.
28. Schweinsburg BC, Taylor MJ, Alhassoon OM, et al. Brain mitochondrial injury in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive (HIV+) individuals taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Neurovirol 2005; 11:356-364. (Pubitemid 41614515)