Intentional Suppression of Unwanted Memories Grows More Difficult as We Age

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 397-405

  Anderson, Michael C ^a   Reinholz, Julia ^b   Kuhl, Brice A ^c   Mayr, Ulrich ^d  

^a MRC COGNITION AND BRAIN SCIENCES UNIT   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^c YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OREGON   (United States)

Author keywords

Emotion regulation; Executive control; Forgetting; Inhibition; Memory control

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AWARENESS; COGNITION; EMOTIONALITY; EXPERIENCE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); LEARNING TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL CAPACITY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; NORMAL HUMAN; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; RECALL;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGING; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY; MENTAL RECALL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; REPRESSION, PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79959292634     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0022505     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Anderson M.C., Green C. Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature 2001, 410:131-134. doi: 10.1038/35066572.
2. Anderson M.C., Levy B.J. Theoretical issues in inhibition: Insights from research on human memory. Inhibition in cognition 2007, 81-103. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, doi: 10.1037/11587-005. D. Gorfein, C.M. MacLeod (Eds.).
3. Anderson M.C., Levy B.J. Suppressing unwanted memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2009, 18:189-194. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01634.x.
4. Anderson M.C., Ochsner K.N., Kuhl B., Cooper J., Robertson E., Gabrieli S.W., Gabrieli J.D. Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science 2004, 303:232-235. doi: 10.1126/science.1089504.
5. Anderson M.C., Spellman B.A. On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case. [Review]. Psychological Review 1995, 102:68-100. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.102.1.68.
6. Anderson M.C., Weaver C. Inhibitory control over action and memory. The new encyclopedia of neuroscience 2009, 153-163. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, doi: 10.1016/B978-008045046-9.00421-6. L.R. Squire (Ed.).
7. Aslan A., Bäuml K.-H., Pastötter B. No inhibitory deficit in older adults' episodic memory. Psychological Science 2007, 18:72-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01851.x.
8. Bergström Z.M., De-Fockert J., Richardson-Klavehn A. ERP and behavioural evidence for direct suppression of unwanted memories. NeuroImage 2009, 48:726-737. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.051.
9. Bulevich J.B., Roediger H.L., Balota D.A., Butler A.C. Failures to find suppression of episodic memories in the think/no-think paradigm. Memory and Cognition 2006, 34:1569-1577.
10. Burke D.M. Language, aging, and inhibitory deficits: Evaluation of a theory. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 1997, 52B:254-264.
11. Carstensen L.L., Pasupathi M., Mayr U., Nesselroade J.R. Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:644-655. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.644.
12. Depue B.E., Banich M.T., Curran T. Suppression of emotional and nonemotional content in memory. Effects of repetition on cognitive control. Psychological Science 2006, 17:441-447. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01725.x.
13. Depue B.E., Curran T., Banich M.T. Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process. Science 2007, 317:215-219. doi: 10.1126/science.1139560.
14. Engle R.W., Kane M.J., Tuholski S.W. Individual differences in working memory capacity and what they tell us about controlled attention, general fluid intelligence, and functions of the prefrontal cortex. Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control 1999, 102-134. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. A. Miyake, P. Shah (Eds.).
15. Erixon-Lindroth N., Farde L., Wahlin T.B., Sovago J., Halldin C., Bäckman L. The role of the striatal dopamine transporter in cognitive aging. Psychiatry Research 2005, 138:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.09.005.
16. Floyd M., Rice J., Black S.R. Recurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder in late life: A cognitive aging perspective. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology 2002, 8:303-311. doi: 10.1023/A:1019679307628.
17. Gazzaley A., Cooney J.W., Rissman J., D'Esposito M. Top-down supppression deficit underlies working memory impairment in normal aging. Nature Neuroscience 2005, 8:1298-1300. doi: 10.1038/nn1543.
18. Hamilton J.D., Workman R.H. Persistence of combat-related posttraumatic stress symptoms for 75 years. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1998, 11:763-768. doi: 10.1023/A:1024449517730.
19. Hanslmayr S., Leipold P., Bäuml K.-H. Anticipation boosts forgetting of voluntarily suppressed memories. Memory 2010, 18:252-257. doi: 10.1080/09658210903476548.
20. Hanslmayr S., Leipold P., Pastötter B., Bäuml K.-H. Anticipatory signatures of voluntary memory suppression. Journal of Neuroscience 2010, 29:2742-2747. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4703-08.2009.
21. Hasher L., Zacks R.T. Working memory, comprehension, and aging: A review and a new view. The psychology of learning and motivation 1988, 22:193-225. doi: 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60041-9.
22. Hasher L., Zacks R.T., May C.P. Inhibitory control, circadian arousal, and age. Attention & performance, XVII, cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application 1999, 653-675. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. D. Gopher, A. Koriat (Eds.).
23. Joormann J., Hertel P.T., Brozovich F., Gotlib I.H. Remembering the good, forgetting the bad: Intentional forgetting of emotional material in depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2005, 114:640-648.
24. Jost, K., Bryck, R. B., Vogel, E., & Mayr, U. (in press). Are old adults just like low working memory young adults? Filtering efficiency and age differences in visual working memory. Cerebral Cortex.
25. Lambert A., Good K.S., Kirk I.J. Testing the repression hypothesis: Effects of emotional valence on memory suppression in the Think/No-Think task. Consciousness and Cognition 2010, 19:281-293.
26. Levy B.J., Anderson M.C. Individual differences in the suppression of unwanted memories: The executive deficit hypothesis. Acta Psychologica 2008, 127:623-635.
27. Luria A. Higher cortical functions in man 1966, Basic Books, New York.
28. Lustig C., Hasher L., Tonev S.T. Inhibitory control over the present and the past. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2001, 13:107-122.
29. MacDonald A.W., Cohen J.D., Stenger V.A., Carter C.S. Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science 2000, 288:1835-1838.
30. Mather M., Carstensen L. Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends on Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9:496-501.
31. Mather M., Knight M. Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:554-570.
32. May C.P., Hasher L. Synchrony effects in inhibitory control over thought and action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1998, 24:363-379.
33. Mroczek D.K., Kolarz C.M. The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75:1333-1349.
34. Norman D.A., Shallice T. Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour. Consciousness and self-regulation 1986, 4:1-18. Plenum Press, New York, Reprinted in revised form. R.J. Davidson, G.E. Schwartz, D. Shapiro (Eds.).
35. Paz-Alonso P.M., Ghetti S., Matlen B.J., Anderson M.C., Bunge S.A. Memory suppression is an active process that improves over middle childhood. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2009, 3:1-6.
36. Radvanksy G.A., Zacks R.T., Hasher L. Age and inhibition: The retrieval of situation models. The Journal of Gerontology 2005, 60:276-278.
37. Raz N., Lindenberger U., Rodrigue K.M., Kennedy K.M., Head D., Williamson A., Acker J.D. Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers. Cerebral Cortex 1995, 15:1676-1689.
38. Ruzich M.J., Looi J.C.L., Robertson M.D. Delayed onset of posttraumatic stress disorder among male combat veterans: A case series. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2005, 13:424-427.
39. Sahakyan L., Delaney P., Goodmon L. Oh honey, I already forgot that: Strategic control of directed forgetting in older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:621-633.
40. Sego S.A., Golding J.M., Gottlob L.R. Directed forgetting in older adults using the item and list methods. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 2006, 13:95-114.
41. Wechsler D. Wechsler, manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 1981, The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio.
42. Wimber, M., Wendler, F., Schott, B. H., Bäuml, K. H., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2010). Inhibitory control of long-term memories: A neurogenetic imaging study. Poster presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping.
43. Zacks R.T., Radvansky G., Hasher L. Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1996, 22:143-156.
44. Zellner M., Bauml K.-H. Inhibitory deficits in older adults: List-method directed forgetting revisited. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition 2006, 32:290-300.