Humeral shaft fractures: A review

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 833-844

  Walker, Matt ^a   Palumbo, Brian ^b   Badman, Brian ^c   Brooks, Jordan ^d   Van Gelderen, Jeffrey ^e   Mighell, Mark ^a  

^a FLORIDA ORTHOPAEDIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^c Union Hospital   (United States)

^d FOUNDATION FOR ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION   (United States)

^e NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; BONE PLATE; BONE SCREW; BONE TRANSPLANTATION; ELBOW DISEASE; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRACTURE NONUNION; FROZEN SHOULDER; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; HUMEROSCAPULAR PERIARTHRITIS; HUMERUS FRACTURE; INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING; OPEN REDUCTION; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTHESIS FAILURE; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; RADIAL NERVE PALSY; REOPERATION; REVIEW; SHOULDER PAIN;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FRACTURE FIXATION; HUMANS; HUMERAL FRACTURES; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; SHOULDER JOINT;

EID: 79958837666     PISSN: 10582746     EISSN: 15326500     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.11.030     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Altintas A.A., Altintas M.A., Gazyakan E., Gohla T., Germann G., Sauerbier M. Long-term results and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score analysis after modified Brooks and D'Aubigne tendon transfer for radial nerve palsy. J Hand Surg Am 2009, 34:474-478. 10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.012.
2. Anglen J., Archdeacon M., Cannada L., Herscovici D., Ostrum R. Avoiding complications in the treatment of humeral fractures. Instr Course Lect 2009, 58:3-11.
3. Apivatthakakul T., Arpornchayanon O., Bavornratanavech S. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) of the humeral shaft fracture. Is it possible? A cadaveric study and preliminary report. Injury 2005, 36:530-538. 10.1016/j.injury.2004.05.036.
4. Balfour G., Marrero C. Fracture brace for the treatment of humerus shaft fractures caused by gunshot wounds. Orthop Clin North Am 1995, 26:55-63.
5. Balfour G., Mooney V., Ashby M. Diaphyseal fractures of the humerus treated with a ready-made fracture brace. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1982, 64:11-13.
6. Bhandari M., Devereaux P.J., McKee M.D., Schemitsch E.H. Compression plating versus intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures-a meta-analysis. Acta Orthop 2006, 77:279-284.
7. Bleeker W.A., Nijsten M.W., ten Duis H.J. Treatment of humeral shaft fractures related to associated injuries. A retrospective study of 237 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 1991, 62:148-153.
8. Bostman O., Bakalim G., Vainionpaa S., Wilppula E., Patiala H., Rokkanen P. Radial palsy in shaft fracture of the humerus. Acta Orthop Scand 1986, 57:316-319.
9. Brien W., Gellman H., Becker V., Garland D., Waters R., Wiss D. Management of fractures of the humerus in patients who have an injury of the ipsilateral brachial plexus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990, 57:1208-1210.
10. Brorson S. Management of fractures of the humerus in Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome: an historical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009, 467:1907-1914. 10.1007/s11999-008-0612-x.
11. Browner B.D., Levine A.M., Jupiter J.B., Trafton P.G. Skeletal trauma 1998, Saunders, Philadelphia.
12. Brumback R.J., Bosse M.J., Poka A. Intramedullary fixation of humeral shaft fractures in patients with multiple trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1986, 68:960-969.
13. Carroll S.E. A study of the nutrient foramina of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1963, 45:176-181.
14. Chapman J.R., Henley M.B., Agel J., Benca P.J. Randomized prospective study of humeral shaft fracture fixation: intramedullary nails versus plates. J Orthop Trauma 2000, 14:162-166.
15. Chiu F.Y., Chen C.M., Lin C.F., Lo W.H., Huang Y.L., Chen T.H. Closed humeral shaft fractures: a prospective evaluation of surgical treatment. J Trauma 1997, 43:947-951.
16. Dimakopoulos P., Papadopoulos A.X., Papas M., Panagopoulos A., Lambiris E. Modified extra rotator-cuff entry point in antegrade humeral nailing. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2005, 125:27-32. 10.1007/s00402-004-0757-3.
17. Dougherty P.J., Silverton C., Yeni Y., Tashman S., Weir R. Conversion from temporary external fixation to definitive fixation: shaft fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006, 14:S124-S127.
18. Ekholm R., Ponzer S., Tornkvist H., Adami J., Tidermark J. Primary radial nerve palsy in patients with acute humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2008, 22:408-414. 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318177eb06.
19. Epps C.H., Grant R.E. Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults 1991, Lippincott Williams & Williams, Philadelphia. 3rd ed. C.A. Rockwood, D.P. Green, R.W. Bucholz (Eds.).
20. Farragos A.F., Schemitsch E.H., McKee M.D. Complications of intramedullary nailing for fractures of the humeral shaft: a review. J Orthop Trauma 1999, 13:258-267.
21. Foster R.J., Dixon G.L., Bach A.W., Appleyard R.W., Green T.M. Internal fixation of fractures and non-unions of the humeral shaft. Indications and results in a multi-center study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985, 67:857-864.
22. Foulk D., Szabo R. Diaphyseal humerus fractures: natural history and occurrence of nonunion. Orthopedics 1995, 18:333-335.
23. Gardner M.J., Griffith M.H., Demetrakopoulos D., Brophy R.H., Grose A., Helfet D.L., et al. Hybrid locked plating of osteoporotic fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006, 88:1962-1967. 10.2106/JBJS.E.00893.
24. Guse T.R., Ostrum R.F. The surgical anatomy of the radial nerve around the humerus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1995, 149-153.
25. Hee H.T., Low B.Y., See H.F. Surgical results of open reduction and plating of humeral shaft fractures. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998, 27:772-775.
26. Heim D., Herkert F., Hess P., Regazzoni P. Surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures-the Basel experience. J Trauma 1993, 35:226-232.
27. Heineman D.J., Bhandari M., Nork S.E., Ponsen K.J., Poolman R.W. Treatment of humeral shaft fractures-meta-analysis reupdated. Acta Orthop 2010, 81:517. 10.3109/17453674.2010.504611.
28. Heineman D.J., Poolman R.W., Nork S.E., Ponsen K.J., Bhandari M. Plate fixation or intramedullary fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Acta Orthop 2010, 81:216-223. 10.3109/17453671003635884.
29. Holstein A., Lewis G.M. Fractures of the humerus with radial-nerve paralysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1963, 45:1382-1388.
30. Hoppenfeld S., deBoer P. Surgical exposures in orthopaedics: the anatomic approach 2003, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
31. Hughes R., Schneeberger A., An K., Morrey B., O'Driscoll S. Reduction of triceps muscle force after shortening of the distal humerus: a computational model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1997, 6:444-448.
32. Ingman A.M., Waters D.A. Locked intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures. Implant design, surgical technique, and clinical results. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994, 76:23-29.
33. Jawa A., McCarty P., Doornberg J., Harris M., Ring D. Extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A comparison of functional bracing and plate fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006, 88:2343-2347. 10.2106/JBJS.F.00334.
34. Jensen A.T., Rasmussen S. Being overweight and multiple fractures are indications for operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Injury 1995, 26:263-264.
35. Klenerman L. Fractures of the shaft of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1966, 48:105-111.
36. Kobayashi M., Watanabe Y., Matsushita T. Early full range of shoulder and elbow motion is possible after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2010, 24:212-216. 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181c2fe49.
37. Koch P., Gross D., Gerber C. The results of functional (Sarmiento) bracing of humeral shaft fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002, 11:143-150. 10.1067/mse.2002.121634.
38. Martinez A.A., Cuenca J., Herrera A. Treatment of humeral shaft nonunions: nailing versus plating. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2004, 124:92-95. 10.1007/s00402-003-0608-7.
39. McCormack R.G., Brien D., Buckley R.E., McKee M.D., Powell J., Schemitsch E.H. Fixation of fractures of the shaft of the humerus by dynamic compression plate or intramedullary nail. A prospective, randomised trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2000, 82:336-339.
40. McMaster W., Tivnon M., Waugh T. Cast brace for the upper extremity. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1975, 126-129.
41. Meyer C., Alt V., Kraus R., Giebel G., Koebke J., Schnettler R. The arteries of the humerus and their relevance in fracture treatment. Zentralbl Chir 2005, 130:562-567. [in German].
42. Modabber M.R., Jupiter J.B. Operative management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Plate versus nail. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1998, 93-104.
43. Niall D.M., O'Mahony J., McElwain J.P. Plating of humeral shaft fractures-has the pendulum swung back?. Injury 2004, 35:580-586. 10.1016/j.injury.2003.10.021.
44. O'Toole R.V., Andersen R.C., Vesnovsky O., Alexander M., Topoleski L.D., Nascone J.W., et al. Are locking screws advantageous with plate fixation of humeral shaft fractures? A biomechanical analysis of synthetic and cadaveric bone. J Orthop Trauma 2008, 22:709-715. 10.1097/BOT.0b013e31818df8cb.
45. Park J.Y., Pandher D.S., Chun J.Y., Md S.T. Antegrade humeral nailing through the rotator cuff interval: a new entry portal. J Orthop Trauma 2008, 22:419-425. 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318173f751.
46. Pollock F.H., Drake D., Bovill E.G., Day L., Trafton P.G. Treatment of radial neuropathy associated with fractures of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981, 63:239-243.
47. Praemer M.A., Furner S., Price D.P. Musculoskeletal conditions in the United States. Park Ridge (IL): American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 1992.
48. Putti A.B., Uppin R.B., Putti B.B. Locked intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating for humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2009, 17:139-141.
49. Reimer B. Humeral shaft fractures-intramedullary nailing. Master techniques in orthopaedic surgery 1998, 81-94. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. D. Wiss (Ed.).
50. Robinson C.M., Bell K.M., Court-Brown C.M., McQueen M.M. Locked nailing of humeral shaft fractures. Experience in Edinburgh over a two-year period. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992, 74:558-562.
51. Rogers J., Bennett J., Tullos H. Management of concomitant ipsilateral fractures of the humerus and forearm. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1984, 66:552-556.
52. Rommens P.M., Kuechle R., Bord T., Lewens T., Engelmann R., Blum J. Humeral nailing revisited. Injury 2008, 39:1319-1328. 10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.014.
53. Rommens P.M., Verbruggen J., Broos P.L. Retrograde locked nailing of humeral shaft fractures. A review of 39 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995, 77:84-89.
54. Rutgers M., Ring D. Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus using a functional brace. J Orthop Trauma 2006, 20:597-601. 10.1097/01.bot.0000249423.48074.82.
55. Sarmiento A., Kinman P.B., Galvin E.G., Schmitt R.H., Phillips J.G. Functional bracing of fractures of the shaft of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977, 59:596-601.
56. Sarmiento A., Waddell J.P., Latta L.L. Diaphyseal humeral fractures: treatment options. Instr Course Lect 2002, 51:257-269.
57. Sarmiento A., Zagorski J., Zych G., Latta L., Capps C. Functional bracing for the treatment of fractures of the humeral diaphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000, 82:478-486.
58. Scalea T.M., Boswell S.A., Scott J.D., Mitchell K.A., Kramer M.E., Pollak A.N. External fixation as a bridge to intramedullary nailing for patients with multiple injuries and with femur fractures: damage control orthopedics. J Trauma 2000, 48:613-621. discussion 21-23.
59. Seidel H. Humeral locking nail: a preliminary report. Orthopedics 1989, 12:219-226.
60. Shao Y., Harwood P., Grotz M., Limb D., Giannoudis P. Radial nerve palsy associated with fractures of the shaft of the humerus: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005, 87:1647-1652. 10.1302/0301-620X.87B12.16132.
61. Sharma V., Jain A., Gupta R., Tyagi A., Sethi P. Non-operative treatment of fractures of the humeral shaft: a comparative study. J Indian Med Assoc 1991, 89:157-160.
62. Singisetti K., Ambedkar M. Nailing versus plating in humerus shaft fractures: a prospective comparative study. Int Orthop 2010, 34:571-576. 10.1007/s00264-009-0813-2.
63. Toivanen J.A., Nieminen J., Laine H.J., Honkonen S.E., Jarvinen M.J. Functional treatment of closed humeral shaft fractures. Int Orthop 2005, 29:10-13. 10.1007/s00264-004-0612-8.
64. Tsai C.H., Fong Y.C., Chen Y.H., Hsu C.J., Chang C.H., Hsu H.C. The epidemiology of traumatic humeral shaft fractures in Taiwan. Int Orthop 2009, 33:463-467. 10.1007/s00264-008-0537-8.
65. Tytherleigh-Strong G., Walls N., McQueen M. The epidemiology of humeral shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998, 80:249-253.
66. Volgas D.A., Stannard J.P., Alonso J.E. Nonunions of the humerus. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004, 46-50.
67. Wade R.H. Closed humeral shaft fractures: a prospective evaluation of surgical treatment. J Trauma 1998, 44:1115.
68. Wagner M.S., Gregory P., DiPasquale T., Sanders R., Herscovici D. A comparison of intramedullary fixation techniques for humeral shaft fractures in the multiply injured patient. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association 1995, Massachusetts, Boston.
69. Winker H., Vosberg W., Cyris A. Results of treatment of humerus shaft fractures. Aktuelle Traumatol 1993, 23(Suppl 1):36-41. [in German].
70. Wong M.W., Chow D.H., Li C.K. Rotational stability of Seidel nail distal locking mechanism. Injury 2005, 36:1201-1205. 10.1016/j.injury.2005.01.026.
71. Wright T.W., Miller G.J., Vander Griend R.A., Wheeler D., Dell P.C. Reconstruction of the humerus with an intramedullary fibular graft. A clinical and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993, 75:804-807.
72. Zagorski J., Latta L., Zych G., Finnieston A. Diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Treatment with prefabricated braces. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1988, 70:607-610.
73. Zhiquan A., Bingfang Z., Yeming W., Chi Z., Peiyan H. Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2007, 21:628-633. 10.1097/BOT.0b013e31815928c2.
74. Zlotolow D.A., Catalano L.W., Barron O.A., Glickel S.Z. Surgical exposures of the humerus. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006, 14:754-765.