Ionising radiation and area-wide management of insect pests to promote sustainable agriculture. A review

Agronomy for Sustainable Development

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 233-250

  Vreysen, Marc J B ^a   Robinson, Alan S ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Area wide integrated pest management; Economic benefits; Natural enemies; Sterile insect technique

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HARVESTING; INSECTICIDE; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; INVASIVE SPECIES; IONIZATION; LITERATURE REVIEW; MOTH; NATURAL ENEMY; PARASITOID; PEST SPECIES; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PREDATOR; RADIATION BALANCE; REARING;

HEXAPODA; LEPIDOPTERA;

EID: 79958835876     PISSN: 17740746     EISSN: 17730155     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1051/agro/2010009     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. (APHIS/USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/United States Department of Agriculture. (2001) Screwworm programme review, Final Report.
2. Ashraf M., Chatha N., Ohinata K., Harris E.J. (1975)Melon flies: dosageresponse and sexual competitiveness after treatment with gamma irradiation in a nitrogen atmosphere, J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 838-840.
3. Bakri A., Metha K., Lance D.R. (2005a) Sterilizing insects with ionizing radiation, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 233-268.
4. Bakri A., Heather J., Hendrichs J., Ferris I. (2005b) Fifty years of radiation biology in entomology: lessons learned from IDIDAS, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 98, 1-12. (Pubitemid 40167432)
5. Barclay H.J., Hargrove J.W. (2005) Probability models to facilitate a declaration of pest-free status, with special reference to tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae), Bull. Entomol. Res. 95, 1-11. (Pubitemid 40252964)
6. Barclay H.J., Hargrove J.W., Clift A., Meats A. (2005) Procedures for declaring pest free status, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 363-386.
7. Barnes B.N., Eyles D.K., Franz G. (2004) South Africa's fruit fly SIT project - the Hex River Valley pilot project and beyond, in: Barnes B.N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 6-10 May 2002, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Isteg Scientific Publications, Irene, South Africa, pp. 131-141.
8. Baumhover A.H. (1966) Eradication of the screwworm fly. An agent of myiasis, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 196, 240-248.
9. Baumhover A.H., Graham A.J., Bitter B.A., Hopkins D.E., New W.D., Dudley F.H., Bushland R.C. (1955) Screwworm control through release of sterilized flies, J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 462-466.
10. Bigler F., Babendreier D., Kuhlmann U. (2006) Environmental risks of invertebrate biological control agents: methods and risk assessment, CABI publishing, Wallingford, UK.
11. Bloem K.A., Bloem S. (2000) SIT for codling moth eradication in British Columbia, Canada, in: Tan K.H. (Ed.), Area-wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests, Proceedings of an International Conference on Area-wide Control of Insect Pests and the 5th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 28 May-5 June 1998, Penang, Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains, Malaysia, pp. 207-214.
12. Bloem K.A., Bloem S., Carpenter J.E. (2005) Impact of moth suppression/ eradication programmes using the sterile insect technique or inherited sterility, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 677-700.
13. Bloem S., Bloem K.A., Carpenter J.E., Calkins C.O. (2001) Seasonlong releases of partially sterile males for control of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), inWashington apples, Environ. Entomol. 30, 763-769. (Pubitemid 33017035)
14. Bloem S., Bloem K., Knight A.L. (1998) Oviposition by sterile codling moths, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and control of wild populations with combined releases of sterile moths and egg parasitoids, J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 95, 99-109.
15. Botto E., Glaz P. (2010) Potential for controlling codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Argentina using the sterile insect technique and egg parasitoids, J. Appl. Entomol. 134, 251-260.
16. Brown H.E. (1984) Mass production of screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax, in: King E.G., Leppla N. (Eds.), Advances and challenges in insect rearing, USDA-ARS, New Orleans, USA, pp. 193-199.
17. Bushland R.C., Hopkins D.E. (1951) Experiments with screwworm flies sterilized by X-rays, J. Econ. Entomol. 44, 725-731.
18. Bushland R.C., Hopkins D.E. (1953) Sterilization of screwworm flies with X-rays and gamma rays, J. Econ. Entomol. 46, 648-656.
19. Cáceres C., Cayol J.P., Enkerlin W., Franz G., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (2004) Comparison of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) (Diptera: Tephritidae) bisexual and genetic sexing strains: development, evaluation and economics, in: Barnes B.N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Isteg Scientific Publications, Irene, South Africa, pp. 367-381.
20. Calkins C.O., Parker A.G. (2005) Sterile insect quality, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 269-296.
21. Cancino J., Ruíz L., López P., Sivinski J. (2009) The suitability of Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae as hosts of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Effects of host age and radiation dose and implications for quality control in mass rearing, Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, S1, 81-94.
22. Cardé R.T., Minks A.K. (1995) Control of moth pests by mating disruption: successes and constraints, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 40, 559-585.
23. Carpenter J.E., Gross H.R. (1993) Suppression of feral Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations following infusion of inherited sterility from released substerile males, Environ. Entomol. 22, 1084-1091. (Pubitemid 2001768)
24. Carpenter J.E., Bloem S., Marec F. (2005) Inherited sterility in insects, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 115-146.
25. Carpenter J.E., Hidryani E., Sheehan W. (1996) Compatibility of F1 sterility and a parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), for managing Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): acceptability and suitability of host, Fla. Entomol. 79, 289-295. (Pubitemid 26372995)
26. Celmer-Warda K. (2004) Preliminary studies on suitability and acceptability of irradiated host-larvae (Plodia interpunctuella) by larval parasitoids Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst), Ann. Warshaw Agr. Univ-SGGW, Horticulture, Landscape Architecture 25, 67-73.
27. Clift A., Meats A. (2002) When does zero catch in a male lure mean no tephritid flies in the area? in: Barnes B.N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 6-10 May 2002, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Isteg Scientific Publications, Irene, South Africa, pp. 183-188.
28. Courschee R.J. (1960) Some aspects of the application of insecticides, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 5, 327-352.
29. Dame D.A. (1970) Control by sterilization of Glossina, in: Mulligan H.W. (Ed.), The African trypanosomiasis, Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, UK, pp. 533-542.
30. Dove W.E. (1937) Myiasis of man, J. Econ. Entomol. 30, 29-39.
31. Dowell R.V., Worley J., Gomes P.J. (2005) Sterile insect supply, emergence and release, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 297-324.
32. Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (2005) Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
33. Economopoulos A.P. (1977) Gamma-ray sterilization of Dacus oleae (Gmelin). Effect of nitrogen on the competitiveness of irradiated males, Z. Ang. Entomol. 83, 86-95.
34. Enkerlin W.R. (2005) Impact of fruit fly control programmes using the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 651-676.
35. EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) (2000) Safe use of biological control: import and release of exotic biological control agents, EPPO Standard PM6/2(1), http://www.eppo.org.
36. Fatima B., Ahmad N., Memon R.M., Bux M., Ahmad Q. (2009) Enhancing biological control of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), through use of radiation to improve laboratory rearing and field augmentation of egg and larval parasitoids, Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, S1, 277-290.
37. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1992) The New World screwworm eradication programme, North Africa (1988-1992), FAO, Rome, Italy.
38. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1995) Glossary of phytosanitary terms, ISPM, Publication number 5, IPPC, FAO, Rome, Italy.
39. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) International standards for phytosanitary measures, Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms (revision adopted at the 7th session of the ICPM, April 2005), Publication No. 3, Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, FAO, Rome, Italy.
40. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2008) FAOSTAT, http://www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/index-en.htm.
41. Fisher K. (1997) Irradiation effects in air and in nitrogen on Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae in Western Australia, J. Econ. Entomol. 90, 1609-1614. (Pubitemid 127482027)
42. Fisher K., Cáceres C. (2000) A filter rearing system for mass reared medfly, in: Tan K.H. (Ed.), Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests, Proceedings of an International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests, and the 5th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 28May-5 June 1998, Penang, Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, pp. 543-550.
43. Follet P.A., Duan J.J. (2000) Non-target effects of biological control, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
44. Ford J., Nash T.A.M., Welch J.R. (1970) Control by clearing of vegetation, in: Mulligan H.W. (Ed.), The African trypanosomiasis, Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, UK, pp. 543-556.
45. Franz G. (2005) Genetic sexing strains in Mediterranean fruit fly, an example for other species amenable to large-scale rearing for the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 427-251.
46. Franz G., Gencheva E., Kerremans P. (1994) Improved stability of genetic sex-separation strains for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, Genome 37, 72-82. (Pubitemid 2068478)
47. Genchev N.P., Michelva-Dimitrova R.Y., Kozhuharova M.V. (2007) Use of gamma radiation for suppression of the hemocytic immune response in larvae of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) against Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera), J. Balkan Ecol. 10, 411-419.
48. Gonzalez J., Troncoso P. (2007) The fruit fly exclusion programme in Chile, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 614-651.
49. Hamed M., Nadeem S., Riaz A. (2009) Use of gamma radiation for improving the mass-production of Trichogramma chilonis and Chrysoperla carnea, Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, S1, 43-48.
50. Hamilton G. (2000) When good bugs turn bad, New Scientist, 30-33.
51. Hendrichs J., Franz G., Rendón P. (1995) Increased effectiveness and applicability of the sterile insect technique through male-only releases for control of Mediterranean fruit flies during fruiting seasons, J. Appl. Entomol. 119, 371-377.
52. Hendrichs J., Kenmore P., Robinson A.S., Vreysen M.J.B. (2007) Areawide integrated pest management (AW-IPM): principles, practice and prospects, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 3-33.
53. Hendrichs J., Vreysen M.J.B., Enkerlin W.R., Cayol J.P. (2005) Strategic options in using sterile insects for area-wide integrated pest management, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 563-600.
54. Hendrichs J., Bloem K.A., Hoch G., Carpenter J.E., Greany P., Robinson A.S. (2009) Improving the cost-effectiveness, trade and safety of biological control for agricultural insect pests using nuclear techniques, Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, 3-22.
55. Herren H.R., Neuenschwander P., Hennesey R.D., Hammond W.N.O. (1987) Introduction and dispersal of Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hym., Encyrtidae), an exotic parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manuhoti (Hom., Pseudococcidae), Africa, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 19, 131-144.
56. Herren H.R., Neuenschwander P. (1991) Biological control of cassava pests in Africa, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36, 257-283. (Pubitemid 121000002)
57. Hokkanen H.M.T., Lynch J.M. (1996) Biological control - benefits and risks, Cambridge University Press, UK.
58. Hooper G.H.S. (1989) The effect of ionizing radiation on reproduction, in: Robinson A.S., Hooper G. (Eds.), World crop pests, Vol. 3A, Fruit flies, their biology, natural enemies and control, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 153-164.
59. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (2008) Model business plan for a sterile insect production facility, 978-92-0-110007-8, IAEA,Vienna, Austria.
60. International Atomic Energy Agency/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (IAEA/FAO) (1997) Control of the Mediterranean fruit fly in the Near East region using the sterile insect technique, STI/PUB/1020, IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
61. Klassen W. (2005) Area-wide integrated pest management and the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique, Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 39-68.
62. KlassenW., Creech J.P. (1973) Population suppression with dominant and conditional lethal mutations; some important considerations and approaches, in: Computer models and application for the sterile male technique, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 65-79.
63. Knipling E.F. (1955) Possibilities of insect population control through the use of sexually sterile males, J. Econ. Entomol. 48, 443-448.
64. Knipling E.F. (1959) The sterile male method of population control, Science 130, 902-904.
65. Knipling E.F. (1960) The eradication of the screwworm fly, Sci. Am. 203, 54.
66. Knipling E.F. (1966) Some basic principles in insect population suppression, Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 12, 7-15.
67. Knipling E.F. (1972) Entomology and the management of man's environment, J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 11, 153-167.
68. Knipling E.F. (1979) The basic principles of insect population suppression and management, Agriculture Handbook Number 512, SEA, USDA, Washington DC, USA.
69. Knipling E.F. (1992) Principles of insect parasitism analyzed from new perspectives: practical implications for regulating insect populations by biological means, USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 693, USA.
70. Koul O., Cuperus G., Elliott N. (2008) Areawide pest management. Theory and implementation, Cab International, UK.
71. Kovaleski A., Mumford J. (2007) Pulling out the evil by the root; the codling moth Cydia pomonella eradication programme in Brazil, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Areawide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 581-590.
72. Koyama T., Kakinohana H.,Miyatake T. (2004) Eradication of the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae in Japan: importance of behaviour, ecology, genetics and evolution, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 49, 331-349. (Pubitemid 38201842)
73. Krafsur E. (1998) Sterile insect technique for suppressing and eradicating insects; 50 years and counting, J. Agric. Entomol. 15, 303-317.
74. Kuznetsova V.G., Petropavlovskaia M.B. (1976) Behaviour of holokinetic chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of bugs, Tsitologiia 18, 702-711.
75. LaChance L.E. (1979) Genetic strategies affecting the success and economy of sterile insect release method, in: Hoy M.A., McKelvey J.J. Jr. (Eds.), Genetics in relation to insect management, Rockefeller Foundation, NY, WA, USA, pp. 8-18.
76. LaChance L.E. (1985) Genetic methods for the control of lepidopteran species: status and potential, ARS-28, USDA/ARS, Washington DC, USA.
77. LaChance L.E., Schmidt C.H., Bushland R.C. (1967) Radiation induced sterilization, in: Kilgore W.W., Doutt R.L. (Eds.), Pest control: biological, physical and selected chemical methods, Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 147-196.
78. Lance D.R., McInnis D.O. (2005) Biological basis of the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 69-94.
79. Lance D.R., McInnis D.O., Rendón P., Jackson C.G. (2000) Courtship among sterile and wild Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in field cages in Hawaii and Guatemala, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 93, 1179-1185.
80. Lindquist D.A., Abusowa M., Hall M.J.R. (1992) The New World screwworm in Libya: review of its introduction and eradication, Med. Vet. Entomol. 6, 2-8. (Pubitemid 23400927)
81. Loomans A.J.M. (2006) Regulation of invertebrate biological control agents in Europe: review and recommendations in its pursuit of a harmonised regulatory system, Report of REBECA, http://www.rebeca-net.de/downloads/.
82. Louda S.M., Pemberton R.W., Johnson M.T., Follett P.A. (2003) Nontarget effects: the Achilles' heel of biological control? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 48, 365-396.
83. (MAG/SAG) Ministerio de Agricultura/Servicio Agricola y Ganadero. (1995) Chile; a medfly-free country, Pamphlet, Government of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
84. Mannion C.M., Carpenter J.E., Gross H.R. (1994) Potential of the combined use of inherited sterility and a parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae) for managing Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Environ. Entomol. 23, 41-46. (Pubitemid 2052500)
85. Marroquin R. (1985) Mass production of screwworms in Mexico, in: Symposium on eradication of the screwworm from the United States and Mexico, Proceedings of a Symposium Presented at the National Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, 9-13 December 1984, San Antonio, Texas, Entomological Society of America, MD, USA, pp. 31-36.
86. Mastro V.C. (1993) Gypsy moth F1 sterility program: current status, in: Radiation Induced F1 Sterility in Lepidoptera for Area-Wide Control, Proceedings of the Final Research Coordination Meeting, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 9-13 September 1991, Phoenix, AZ, USA, STI/PUB/929. IAEA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 125-129.
87. McInnis D.O., Tam S.Y.T., Grace C.,Miyashita D. (1994) Population suppression and sterility rates induced by variable sex-ratio, sterile insect releases of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87, 231-240. (Pubitemid 2061630)
88. Meyer N.L. (1994) History of theMexico-United States screwworm eradication program, Vantage Press, New York, USA.
89. Miyatake T., Yamagishi M. (1993) Active quality control in mass reared melon flies. Quantitative genetic aspects, in: Management of Insect Pests: Nuclear and Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques, Proceedings of an IAEA/FAO International Symposium, 19-23 October 1992, Vienna, Austria. STI/PUB/909, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 201-213.
90. Mumford J.D. (2005) Application of benefit/cost analysis to insect pest control using the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 481-498.
91. Nagel P., Peveling R. (2005) Environment and the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique, Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 499-524.
92. Nakashima Y., Hirose Y., Kinjo K. (1996) Rearing Orius sauteri (Poppius) on diet of freeze-dried larval powder of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, Jap. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40, 80-82.
93. North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) (2008) http://www.nappo.org/newsletter/2008/September.
94. Neuenschwander P. (1993) Human interactions in classical biological control of cassava and mango mealy bugs on subsistence farms in tropical Africa, in: AltieriM.A. (Ed.), Crop protection strategies for subsistence farmers, IT Publications, London, Westview Press, San Francisco, USA, pp. 143-177.
95. North D.T. (1967) Radiation-induced male sterility exhibited in the P1 and F1 generations in Lepidoptera, Rad. Res. 31, 615.
96. North D.T. (1975) Inherited sterility in Lepidoptera, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 20, 167-182.
97. North D.T., Holt G.G. (1969) Population suppression by transmission of inherited sterility to progeny of irradiated cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, Can. Entomol. 101, 513-520.
98. Parker A.G. (2005) Mass-rearing for sterile insect release, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 209-232.
99. Parker A.G., Mehta K. (2007) Sterile insect technique: a model for dose optimization for improved sterile insect quality, Fla. Entomol. 90, 88-95. (Pubitemid 46570926)
100. Pimentel D. (2007) Area-wide pest management: environmental, economic and food issues, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 35-47.
101. Proverbs M.D. (1962) Progress on the use of induced sexual sterility for the control of codling moth Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario 92, 5-11.
102. Proverbs M.D., Newton J.R., Campbell C.J. (1982) Codling moth: a pilot programme of control by sterile insect release in British Columbia, Can. Entomol. 114, 363-376.
103. Rendón P., McInnis D., Lance D., Stewart J. (2000) Comparison of medfly-male only and bisexual releases in large scale field trials, in: Tan K.H. (Ed.), Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests, Proceedings of an International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests, and the 5th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 28May-5 June 1998, Penang, Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, pp. 517-525.
104. Rendón P., McInnis D., Lance D., Stewart J. (2004) Medfly (Diptera: Tephritidae) genetic sexing: large scale field comparison of malesonly and bisexual sterile fly releases in Guatemala, J. Econ. Entomol. 97, 1547-1553. (Pubitemid 39474591)
105. Reuters (2008) http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/ idUSTRE49N38O20081024.
106. Robinson A.S. (2002) Mutations and their use in insect control,Mut. Res. 511, 113-132. (Pubitemid 34621250)
107. Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (2005) Prospects for the future development and application of the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 727-760.
108. Rössler Y. (1979) The genetics of the Mediterranean fruit fly: a "white pupae" mutant, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 72, 583-585.
109. Runner G.A. (1916) Effect of röntgen rays on the tobacco, or cigarette beetle and the results of experiments with a new form of röntgen tube, J. Agric. Res. 6, 383-388.
110. Sakurai H.,Murakami Y., Kohama T., Teruya T. (2000) Sterilizing mechanism of gamma-radiation in the female ofWest Indian potato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus, Res. Bull. Fac. Agric. Gifu University, Japan 65, 13-20.
111. Seth R.K., Barik T.K., Chauhan S. (2009) Interactions of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema glaseri (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) cultured in irradiated hosts, with F1 sterility: towards management of a tropical pest Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, 139-155.
112. Simmons G., Carpenter J.E., Suckling D.M., Addison M., Dyck V.A., Vreysen M.J.B. (2010) Improved quality management to enhance the efficacy of the sterile insect technique for lepidopteran pests. J. Appl. Entomol. 134, 261-273.
113. Suckling D.M., Barrington A.M., Chhagan A., Stephens A.E.A., Burnip G.M., Charles J.G., Wee S.L. (2007) Eradication of the Australian painted apple moth Teia anartoides in New Zealand: trapping, inherited sterility and male competitiveness, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 603-615.
114. Staten R.L., Rosander R.W., Keaveny D.F. (1993) Genetic control of cotton insects: the pink bollworm as a working programme, in: Management of Insect Pests; Nuclear and Related Molecular and Genetic Techniques, Proceedings of a Symposium Organised by the FAO and IAEA, 19-23 October 1992, Vienna, Austria, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 269-284.
115. Toledo J., Rull J., Oropeza A., Hernández E., Liedo P. (2004) Irradiation of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) revisited: optimizing sterility induction, J. Econ. Entomol. 97, 383-389. (Pubitemid 38583415)
116. Tween G. (2002) MOSCAMED-Guatemala: an evolution of ideas, in: Barnes B.N. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 6-10 May 2002, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Isteg Scientific Publications, Irene, South Africa, pp. 119-126.
117. United Press International (2008) http://www.upi.com/Science-News/2008/ 12/19/EU-to-ban-most-aerial-crop-spraying/UPI-94951229708407/.
118. US Working Group on the Food Crisis (2009) http://www.usfoodcrisisgroup. org/.
119. Vale G.A., Torr S.J. (2005) User-friendly models of the costs and efficacy of tsetse control: application to sterilizing and insecticidal techniques, Med. Vet. Entomol. 19, 293-305. (Pubitemid 41710863)
120. Van Borstel R.C. (1962) Effects of radiation on germ cells of insects: dominant lethals, gamete inactivation and gonial-cell killing, in: Radiation and Radioisotopes Applied to Insects of Agricultural Importance, Proceedings of a Symposium organised by FAO/IAEA, Athens, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, pp. 367-384.
121. Van der Vloedt A.M.V., Taher M., Tenabe S.O. (1978) Effect of gamma radiation on the tsetse fly Glossina palpalis palpalis (Rob. Desv.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) with observations on the reproductive biology, Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 29, 713-716. (Pubitemid 9434380)
122. van Driesche R., Hoddle M., Center T. (2008) Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies, Wiley-Blackwell, USA.
123. van Lenteren J.C., Bale J., Bigler F., Hokkanen H.M.T., Loomans A.J.M. (2006) Assessing risks of releasing exotic biological control agents of arthropod pests, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51, 609-634. (Pubitemid 43107836)
124. Vargas-Terán M., Hofmann H.C., Tweddle N.E. (2005) Impact of screwworm eradication programmes using the sterile insect technique, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 629-650.
125. Vreysen M.J.B. (1995) Radiation induced sterility to control tsetse flies. The effect of ionising radiation and hybridisation on tsetse biology and the use of the sterile insect technique in integrated tsetse control, Ph.D. dissertation, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
126. Vreysen M.J.B. (2005) Monitoring sterile and wild insects in areawide integrated pest management programmes, in: Dyck V.A., Hendrichs J., Robinson A.S. (Eds.), Sterile insect technique. Principles and practice in area-wide integrated pest management, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 325-361.
127. Vreysen M.J.B., Van der Vloedt A.M.V. (1995) Radiation sterilisation of Glossina tachinoides Westw. pupae: 1. The effect of dose fractionation and nitrogen during irradiation in the mid-pupal phase, Rev. Elev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 48, 45-51.
128. Vreysen M.J.B., Barclay H.J., Hendrichs J. (2006a) Modeling of preferential mating in area-wide control programs that integrate the release of strains of sterile males-only or both sexes, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99, 607-616. (Pubitemid 44725201)
129. Vreysen M.J.B., Hendrichs J., Enkerlin W. (2006b) The sterile insect technique as a component of sustainable area-wide integrated pest management of selected horticultural insect pests, J. Fruit Ornam. Plant Res. 14, 107-131.
130. Vreysen M.J.B., Gerardo-Abaya J., Cayol J.P. (2007b) Lessons from area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes with an SIT component: an FAO/IAEA perspective, in: Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (Eds.), Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 723-744.
131. Vreysen M.J.B., Robinson A.S., Hendrichs J. (2007a) Area-wide control of insect pests, From research to field implementation, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
132. Vreysen M.J.B., Saleh K.M., Ali M.Y., Abdullah M.A., Zhu Z-R., Juma K.G., Dyck V.A., Msangi A.R., Mkonyi P.A., Feldmann H.U. (2000) Glossina austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) eradicated on the island of Unguja (Zanzibar), using the sterile insect technique, J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 123-135.
133. Vreysen M.J.B., Van der Vloedt A.M.V., Barnor H. (1996) Comparative gamma radiation sensitivity of Glossina tachinoides Westw., Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newst. and Glossina brevipalpis Newst. (Diptera, Glossinidae), Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 69, 67-74. (Pubitemid 26078363)
134. Wajnberg E., Scott J.K., Quimby P. (2001) Evaluating indirect ecological effects of biological control, CABI Publishing, CAB International, Oxon, UK.
135. Walters M.L., Staten R.T., Roberson R.C. (2000) Pink bollworm integrated management using sterile insects under field trial conditions, Imperial Valley, California, in: Tan K.H. (Ed.), Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests, Proceedings of an International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests, and the 5th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 28 May-5 June 1998, Penang, Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, pp. 201-206.
136. Wong T.T.Y., Ramadan M.M., Herr J.C., McInnis D.O. (1992) Suppression of the Mediterranean fruit fly population with concurrent parasitoid and sterile fly releases in Kula, Maui, Hawaii, J. Econ. Entomol. 85, 1671-1681.
137. Wyss J. (2000) Screwworm eradication in the Americas - an overview, in: Tan K.H. (Ed.), Area-Wide Control of Fruit Flies and Other Insect Pests, Proceedings of an International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests, and the 5th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, 28 May-5 June 1998, Penang, Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, pp. 79-86.
138. Zapater M.C., Andiarena C.E., Pérez Camargo G., Bartoloni N. (2009) Use of irradiated Musca domestica pupae to optimize mass rearing and commercial shipment of the parasitoid Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Bio. Sci. Tech. 19, S1, 261-270.
139. Zeddies J., Schaab R.P., Neuenschwander P., Herren H.R. (2001) Economics of biological control of cassava mealybug in Africa, Agric. Econ. 24, 209-219. (Pubitemid 32139586)